“I have come to see you,” he began, shaking my hand heartily2 like a student. “I am hearing about you every day, and I have been meaning to come and have a heart-to-heart talk, as they say. The boredom3 in the town is awful, there is not a living soul, no one to say a word to. It’s hot, Holy Mother,” he went on, taking off his tunic and sitting in his silk shirt. “My dear fellow, let me talk to you.”
I was dull myself, and had for a long time been craving4 for the society of someone not a house painter. I was genuinely glad to see him.
“I’ll begin by saying,” he said, sitting down on my bed, “that I sympathize with you from the bottom of my heart, and deeply respect the life you are leading. They don’t understand you here in the town, and, indeed, there is no one to understand, seeing that, as you know, they are all, with very few exceptions, regular Gogolesque pig faces here. But I saw what you were at once that time at the picnic. You are a noble soul, an honest, high-minded man! I respect you, and feel it a great honour to shake hands with you!” he went on enthusiastically. “To have made such a complete and violent change of life as you have done, you must have passed through a complicated spiritual crisis, and to continue this manner of life now, and to keep up to the high standard of your convictions continually, must be a strain on your mind and heart from day to day. Now to begin our talk, tell me, don’t you consider that if you had spent your strength of will, this strained activity, all these powers on something else, for instance, on gradually becoming a great scientist, or artist, your life would have been broader and deeper and would have been more productive?”
We talked, and when we got upon manual labour I expressed this idea: that what is wanted is that the strong should not enslave the weak, that the minority should not be a parasite5 on the majority, nor a vampire6 for ever sucking its vital sap; that is, all, without exception, strong and weak, rich and poor, should take part equally in the struggle for existence, each one on his own account, and that there was no better means for equalizing things in that way than manual labour, in the form of universal service, compulsory7 for all.
“Then do you think everyone without exception ought to engage in manual labour?” asked the doctor.
“Yes.”
“And don’t you think that if everyone, including the best men, the thinkers and great scientists, taking part in the struggle for existence, each on his own account, are going to waste their time breaking stones and painting roofs, may not that threaten a grave danger to progress?”
“Where is the danger?” I asked. “Why, progress is in deeds of love, in fulfilling the moral law; if you don’t enslave anyone, if you don’t oppress anyone, what further progress do you want?”
“But, excuse me,” Blagovo suddenly fired up, rising to his feet. “But, excuse me! If a snail8 in its shell busies itself over perfecting its own personality and muddles9 about with the moral law, do you call that progress?”
“Why muddles?” I said, offended. “If you don’t force your neighbour to feed and clothe you, to transport you from place to place and defend you from your enemies, surely in the midst of a life entirely10 resting on slavery, that is progress, isn’t it? To my mind it is the most important progress, and perhaps the only one possible and necessary for man.”
“The limits of universal world progress are in infinity11, and to talk of some ‘possible’ progress limited by our needs and temporary theories is, excuse my saying so, positively12 strange.”
“If the limits of progress are in infinity as you say, it follows that its aims are not definite,” I said. “To live without knowing definitely what you are living for!”
“So be it! But that ‘not knowing’ is not so dull as your ‘knowing.’ I am going up a ladder which is called progress, civilization, culture; I go on and up without knowing definitely where I am going, but really it is worth living for the sake of that delightful13 ladder; while you know what you are living for, you live for the sake of some people’s not enslaving others, that the artist and the man who rubs his paints may dine equally well. But you know that’s the petty, bourgeois14, kitchen, grey side of life, and surely it is revolting to live for that alone? If some insects do enslave others, bother them, let them devour15 each other! We need not think about them. You know they will die and decay just the same, however zealously16 you rescue them from slavery. We must think of that great millennium17 which awaits humanity in the remote future.”
Blagovo argued warmly with me, but at the same time one could see he was troubled by some irrelevant18 idea.
“I suppose your sister is not coming?” he said, looking at his watch. “She was at our house yesterday, and said she would be seeing you today. You keep saying slavery, slavery . . .” he went on. “But you know that is a special question, and all such questions are solved by humanity gradually.”
We began talking of doing things gradually. I said that “the question of doing good or evil every one settles for himself, without waiting till humanity settles it by the way of gradual development. Moreover, this gradual process has more than one aspect. Side by side with the gradual development of human ideas the gradual growth of ideas of another order is observed. Serfdom is no more, but the capitalist system is growing. And in the very heyday19 of emancipating20 ideas, just as in the days of Baty, the majority feeds, clothes, and defends the minority while remaining hungry, inadequately21 clad, and defenceless. Such an order of things can be made to fit in finely with any tendencies and currents of thought you like, because the art of enslaving is also gradually being cultivated. We no longer flog our servants in the stable, but we give to slavery refined forms, at least, we succeed in finding a justification22 for it in each particular case. Ideas are ideas with us, but if now, at the end of the nineteenth century, it were possible to lay the burden of the most unpleasant of our physiological23 functions upon the working class, we should certainly do so, and afterwards, of course, justify24 ourselves by saying that if the best people, the thinkers and great scientists, were to waste their precious time on these functions, progress might be menaced with great danger.”
But at this point my sister arrived. Seeing the doctor she was fluttered and troubled, and began saying immediately that it was time for her to go home to her father.
“Kleopatra Alexyevna,” said Blagovo earnestly, pressing both hands to his heart, “what will happen to your father if you spend half an hour or so with your brother and me?”
He was frank, and knew how to communicate his liveliness to others. After a moment’s thought, my sister laughed, and all at once became suddenly gay as she had been at the picnic. We went out into the country, and lying in the grass went on with our talk, and looked towards the town where all the windows facing west were like glittering gold because the sun was setting.
After that, whenever my sister was coming to see me Blagovo turned up too, and they always greeted each other as though their meeting in my room was accidental. My sister listened while the doctor and I argued, and at such times her expression was joyfully25 enthusiastic, full of tenderness and curiosity, and it seemed to me that a new world she had never dreamed of before, and which she was now striving to fathom26, was gradually opening before her eyes. When the doctor was not there she was quiet and sad, and now if she sometimes shed tears as she sat on my bed it was for reasons of which she did not speak.
In August Radish ordered us to be ready to go to the railway-line. Two days before we were “banished” from the town my father came to see me. He sat down and in a leisurely27 way, without looking at me, wiped his red face, then took out of his pocket our town Messenger, and deliberately28, with emphasis on each word, read out the news that the son of the branch manager of the State Bank, a young man of my age, had been appointed head of a Department in the Exchequer29.
“And now look at you,” he said, folding up the newspaper, “a beggar, in rags, good for nothing! Even working-class people and peasants obtain education in order to become men, while you, a Poloznev, with ancestors of rank and distinction, aspire30 to the gutter31! But I have not come here to talk to you; I have washed my hands of you —” he added in a stifled32 voice, getting up. “I have come to find out where your sister is, you worthless fellow. She left home after dinner, and here it is nearly eight and she is not back. She has taken to going out frequently without telling me; she is less dutiful —and I see in it your evil and degrading influence. Where is she?”
In his hand he had the umbrella I knew so well, and I was already flustered33 and drew myself up like a schoolboy, expecting my father to begin hitting me with it, but he noticed my glance at the umbrella and most likely that restrained him.
“Live as you please!” he said. “I shall not give you my blessing34!”
“Holy Saints!” my nurse muttered behind the door. “You poor, unlucky child! Ah, my heart bodes35 ill!”
I worked on the railway-line. It rained without stopping all August; it was damp and cold; they had not carried the corn in the fields, and on big farms where the wheat had been cut by machines it lay not in sheaves but in heaps, and I remember how those luckless heaps of wheat turned blacker every day and the grain was sprouting36 in them. It was hard to work; the pouring rain spoiled everything we managed to do. We were not allowed to live or to sleep in the railway buildings, and we took refuge in the damp and filthy37 mud huts in which the navvies had lived during the summer, and I could not sleep at night for the cold and the woodlice crawling on my face and hands. And when we worked near the bridges the navvies used to come in the evenings in a gang, simply in order to beat the painters— it was a form of sport to them. They used to beat us, to steal our brushes. And to annoy us and rouse us to fight they used to spoil our work; they would, for instance, smear38 over the signal boxes with green paint. To complete our troubles, Radish took to paying us very irregularly. All the painting work on the line was given out to a contractor39; he gave it out to another; and this subcontractor gave it to Radish after subtracting twenty per cent. for himself. The job was not a profitable one in itself, and the rain made it worse; time was wasted; we could not work while Radish was obliged to pay the fellows by the day. The hungry painters almost came to beating him, called him a cheat, a blood-sucker, a Judas, while he, poor fellow, sighed, lifted up his hand to Heaven in despair, and was continually going to Madame Tcheprakov for money.
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1
tunic
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| n.束腰外衣 | |
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heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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boredom
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| n.厌烦，厌倦，乏味，无聊 | |
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craving
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| n.渴望,热望 | |
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parasite
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| n.寄生虫；寄生菌；食客 | |
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vampire
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| n.吸血鬼 | |
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7
compulsory
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| n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的 | |
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8
snail
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| n.蜗牛 | |
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9
muddles
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| v.弄乱，弄糟( muddle的第三人称单数 )；使糊涂；对付，混日子 | |
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10
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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11
infinity
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| n.无限，无穷，大量 | |
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12
positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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13
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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14
bourgeois
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| adj./n.追求物质享受的(人)；中产阶级分子 | |
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15
devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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16
zealously
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| adv.热心地；热情地；积极地；狂热地 | |
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17
millennium
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| n.一千年，千禧年；太平盛世 | |
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18
irrelevant
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| adj.不恰当的，无关系的，不相干的 | |
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19
heyday
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| n.全盛时期，青春期 | |
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20
emancipating
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| v.解放某人（尤指摆脱政治、法律或社会的束缚）( emancipate的现在分词 ) | |
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inadequately
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| ad.不够地；不够好地 | |
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justification
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| n.正当的理由；辩解的理由 | |
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physiological
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| adj.生理学的，生理学上的 | |
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justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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25
joyfully
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| adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地 | |
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fathom
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| v.领悟，彻底了解 | |
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leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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exchequer
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| n.财政部；国库 | |
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30
aspire
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| vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于 | |
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31
gutter
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| n.沟，街沟，水槽，檐槽，贫民窟 | |
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32
stifled
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| （使）窒息， （使）窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 )； 镇压，遏制； 堵 | |
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33
flustered
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| adj.慌张的；激动不安的v.使慌乱，使不安( fluster的过去式和过去分词) | |
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34
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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35
bodes
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| v.预示，预告，预言( bode的第三人称单数 )；等待，停留( bide的过去分词 )；居住；（过去式用bided）等待 | |
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36
sprouting
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| v.发芽( sprout的现在分词 )；抽芽；出现；（使）涌现出 | |
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37
filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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38
smear
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| v.涂抹；诽谤，玷污；n.污点；诽谤，污蔑 | |
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39
contractor
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| n.订约人，承包人，收缩肌 | |
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