“Good Heavens, what a baby you are still!” said Masha reproachfully. “It is positively7 absurd.”
“Yes, it is absurd,” my sister agreed, “I know it’s absurd; but what is to be done if I haven’t the strength to get over it? I keep feeling as though I were doing wrong.”
At haymaking I ached all over from the unaccustomed labour; in the evening, sitting on the verandah and talking with the others, I suddenly dropped asleep, and they laughed aloud at me. They waked me up and made me sit down to supper; I was overpowered with drowsiness8 and I saw the lights, the faces, and the plates as it were in a dream, heard the voices, but did not understand them. And getting up early in the morning, I took up the scythe9 at once, or went to the building and worked hard all day.
When I remained at home on holidays I noticed that my sister and Masha were concealing10 something from me, and even seemed to be avoiding me. My wife was tender to me as before, but she had thoughts of her own apart, which she did not share with me. There was no doubt that her exasperation11 with the peasants was growing, the life was becoming more and more distasteful to her, and yet she did not complain to me. She talked to the doctor now more readily than she did to me, and I did not understand why it was so.
It was the custom in our province at haymaking and harvest time for the labourers to come to the manor12 house in the evening and be regaled with vodka; even young girls drank a glass. We did not keep up this practice; the mowers and the peasant women stood about in our yard till late in the evening expecting vodka, and then departed abusing us. And all the time Masha frowned grimly and said nothing, or murmured to the doctor with exasperation: “Savages! Petchenyegs!”
In the country newcomers are met ungraciously, almost with hostility14, as they are at school. And we were received in this way. At first we were looked upon as stupid, silly people, who had bought an estate simply because we did not know what to do with our money. We were laughed at. The peasants grazed their cattle in our wood and even in our garden; they drove away our cows and horses to the village, and then demanded money for the damage done by them. They came in whole companies into our yard, and loudly clamoured that at the mowing15 we had cut some piece of land that did not belong to us; and as we did not yet know the boundaries of our estate very accurately16, we took their word for it and paid damages. Afterwards it turned out that there had been no mistake at the mowing. They barked the lime-trees in our wood. One of the Dubetchnya peasants, a regular shark, who did a trade in vodka without a licence, bribed17 our labourers, and in collaboration18 with them cheated us in a most treacherous19 way. They took the new wheels off our carts and replaced them with old ones, stole our ploughing harness and actually sold them to us, and so on. But what was most mortifying20 of all was what happened at the building; the peasant women stole by night boards, bricks, tiles, pieces of iron. The village elder with witnesses made a search in their huts; the village meeting fined them two roubles each, and afterwards this money was spent on drink by the whole commune.
When Masha heard about this, she would say to the doctor or my sister indignantly:
“What beasts! It’s awful! awful!”
And I heard her more than once express regret that she had ever taken it into her head to build the school.
“You must understand,” the doctor tried to persuade her, “that if you build this school and do good in general, it’s not for the sake of the peasants, but in the name of culture, in the name of the future; and the worse the peasants are the more reason for building the school. Understand that!”
But there was a lack of conviction in his voice, and it seemed to me that both he and Masha hated the peasants.
Masha often went to the mill, taking my sister with her, and they both said, laughing, that they went to have a look at Stepan, he was so handsome. Stepan, it appeared, was torpid21 and taciturn only with men; in feminine society his manners were free and easy, and he talked incessantly22. One day, going down to the river to bathe, I accidentally overheard a conversation. Masha and Kleopatra, both in white dresses, were sitting on the bank in the spreading shade of a willow23, and Stepan was standing24 by them with his hands behind his back, and was saying:
“Are peasants men? They are not men, but, asking your pardon, wild beasts, impostors. What life has a peasant? Nothing but eating and drinking; all he cares for is victuals25 to be cheaper and swilling26 liquor at the tavern27 like a fool; and there’s no conversation, no manners, no formality, nothing but ignorance! He lives in filth28, his wife lives in filth, and his children live in filth. What he stands up in, he lies down to sleep in; he picks the potatoes out of the soup with his fingers; he drinks kvass with a cockroach29 in it, and doesn’t bother to blow it away!”
“It’s their poverty, of course,” my sister put in.
“Poverty? There is want to be sure, there’s different sorts of want, Madam. If a man is in prison, or let us say blind or crippled, that really is trouble I wouldn’t wish anyone, but if a man’s free and has all his senses, if he has his eyes and his hands and his strength and God, what more does he want? It’s cockering themselves, and it’s ignorance, Madam, it’s not poverty. If you, let us suppose, good gentlefolk, by your education, wish out of kindness to help him he will drink away your money in his low way; or, what’s worse, he will open a drinkshop, and with your money start robbing the people. You say poverty, but does the rich peasant live better? He, too, asking your pardon, lives like a swine: coarse, loud-mouthed, cudgel-headed, broader than he is long, fat, red-faced mug, I’d like to swing my fist and send him flying, the scoundrel. There’s Larion, another rich one at Dubetchnya, and I bet he strips the bark off your trees as much as any poor one; and he is a foul-mouthed fellow; his children are the same, and when he has had a drop too much he’ll topple with his nose in a puddle30 and sleep there. They are all a worthless lot, Madam. If you live in a village with them it is like hell. It has stuck in my teeth, that village has, and thank the Lord, the King of Heaven, I’ve plenty to eat and clothes to wear, I served out my time in the dragoons, I was village elder for three years, and now I am a free Cossack, I live where I like. I don’t want to live in the village, and no one has the right to force me. They say—my wife. They say you are bound to live in your cottage with your wife. But why so? I am not her hired man.”
“Tell me, Stepan, did you marry for love?” asked Masha.
“Love among us in the village!” answered Stepan, and he gave a laugh. “Properly speaking, Madam, if you care to know, this is my second marriage. I am not a Kurilovka man, I am from Zalegoshtcho, but afterwards I was taken into Kurilovka when I married. You see my father did not want to divide the land among us. There were five of us brothers. I took my leave and went to another village to live with my wife’s family, but my first wife died when she was young.”
“What did she die of?”
“Of foolishness. She used to cry and cry and cry for no reason, and so she pined away. She was always drinking some sort of herbs to make her better looking, and I suppose she damaged her inside. And my second wife is a Kurilovka woman too, there is nothing in her. She’s a village woman, a peasant woman, and nothing more. I was taken in when they plighted31 me to her. I thought she was young and fair-skinned, and that they lived in a clean way. Her mother was just like a Flagellant and she drank coffee, and the chief thing, to be sure, they were clean in their ways. So I married her, and next day we sat down to dinner; I bade my mother-in-law give me a spoon, and she gives me a spoon, and I see her wipe it out with her finger. So much for you, thought I; nice sort of cleanliness yours is. I lived a year with them and then I went away. I might have married a girl from the town,” he went on after a pause. “They say a wife is a helpmate to her husband. What do I want with a helpmate? I help myself; I’d rather she talked to me, and not clack, clack, clack, but circumstantially, feelingly. What is life without good conversation?”
Stepan suddenly paused, and at once there was the sound of his dreary32, monotonous33 “oo-loo-loo-loo.” This meant that he had seen me.
Masha used often to go to the mill, and evidently found pleasure in her conversations with Stepan. Stepan abused the peasants with such sincerity34 and conviction, and she was attracted to him. Every time she came back from the mill the feeble-minded peasant, who looked after the garden, shouted at her:
“Wench Palashka! Hulla, wench Palashka!” and he would bark like a dog: “Ga! Ga!”
And she would stop and look at him attentively35, as though in that idiot’s barking she found an answer to her thoughts, and probably he attracted her in the same way as Stepan’s abuse. At home some piece of news would await her, such, for instance, as that the geese from the village had ruined our cabbage in the garden, or that Larion had stolen the reins36; and shrugging her shoulders, she would say with a laugh:
“What do you expect of these people?”
She was indignant, and there was rancour in her heart, and meanwhile I was growing used to the peasants, and I felt more and more drawn37 to them. For the most part they were nervous, irritable38, downtrodden people; they were people whose imagination had been stifled39, ignorant, with a poor, dingy40 outlook on life, whose thoughts were ever the same—of the grey earth, of grey days, of black bread, people who cheated, but like birds hiding nothing but their head behind the tree—people who could not count. They would not come to mow13 for us for twenty roubles, but they came for half a pail of vodka, though for twenty roubles they could have bought four pails. There really was filth and drunkenness and foolishness and deceit, but with all that one yet felt that the life of the peasants rested on a firm, sound foundation. However uncouth41 a wild animal the peasant following the plough seemed, and however he might stupefy himself with vodka, still, looking at him more closely, one felt that there was in him what was needed, something very important, which was lacking in Masha and in the doctor, for instance, and that was that he believed the chief thing on earth was truth and justice, and that his salvation42, and that of the whole people, was only to be found in truth and justice, and so more than anything in the world he loved just dealing43. I told my wife she saw the spots on the glass, but not the glass itself; she said nothing in reply, or hummed like Stepan “oo-loo-loo-loo.” When this good-hearted and clever woman turned pale with indignation, and with a quiver in her voice spoke44 to the doctor of the drunkenness and dishonesty, it perplexed45 me, and I was struck by the shortness of her memory. How could she forget that her father the engineer drank too, and drank heavily, and that the money with which Dubetchnya had been bought had been acquired by a whole series of shameless, impudent46 dishonesties? How could she forget it?
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1
millennium
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| n.一千年，千禧年；太平盛世 | |
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2
interfered
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| v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉 | |
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3
calves
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| n.(calf的复数)笨拙的男子，腓；腿肚子( calf的名词复数 )；牛犊；腓；小腿肚v.生小牛( calve的第三人称单数 )；（冰川）崩解；生（小牛等），产（犊）；使（冰川）崩解 | |
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4
relegate
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| v.使降级，流放，移交，委任 | |
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5
investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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drowsiness
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| n.睡意；嗜睡 | |
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9
scythe
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| n. 长柄的大镰刀，战车镰； v. 以大镰刀割 | |
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10
concealing
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的现在分词 ) | |
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11
exasperation
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| n.愤慨 | |
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12
manor
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| n.庄园，领地 | |
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13
mow
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| v.割（草、麦等），扫射，皱眉；n.草堆，谷物堆 | |
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14
hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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15
mowing
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| n.割草，一次收割量，牧草地v.刈，割( mow的现在分词 ) | |
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16
accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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17
bribed
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| v.贿赂( bribe的过去式和过去分词 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂 | |
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18
collaboration
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| n.合作，协作；勾结 | |
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19
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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20
mortifying
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| adj.抑制的，苦修的v.使受辱( mortify的现在分词 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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torpid
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| adj.麻痹的，麻木的，迟钝的 | |
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22
incessantly
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| ad.不停地 | |
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23
willow
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| n.柳树 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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25
victuals
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| n.食物；食品 | |
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26
swilling
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| v.冲洗( swill的现在分词 )；猛喝；大口喝；（使）液体流动 | |
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27
tavern
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| n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店 | |
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28
filth
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| n.肮脏，污物，污秽；淫猥 | |
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29
cockroach
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| n.蟑螂 | |
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30
puddle
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| n.(雨)水坑，泥潭 | |
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31
plighted
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| vt.保证，约定（plight的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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32
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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33
monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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34
sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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attentively
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| adv.聚精会神地；周到地；谛；凝神 | |
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36
reins
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| 感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带 | |
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37
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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38
irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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39
stifled
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| （使）窒息， （使）窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 )； 镇压，遏制； 堵 | |
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40
dingy
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| adj.昏暗的，肮脏的 | |
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41
uncouth
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| adj.无教养的，粗鲁的 | |
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42
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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43
dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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44
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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45
perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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46
impudent
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| adj.鲁莽的，卑鄙的，厚颜无耻的 | |
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