Chapter 61

1. What makes a great state is its being (like) a low-lying, down- flowing (stream);--it becomes the centre to which tend (all the small states) under heaven.

2. (To illustrate¹ from) the case of all females:--the female always overcomes the male by her stillness. Stillness may be considered (a sort of) abasement³.

3. Thus it is that a great state, by condescending⁴ to small states, gains them for itself; and that small states, by abasing⁵ themselves to a great state, win it over to them. In the one case the abasement leads to gaining adherents⁶, in the other case to procuring⁷ favour.

4. The great state only wishes to unite men together and nourish them; a small state only wishes to be received by, and to serve, the other. Each gets what it desires, but the great state must learn to abase² itself.

       大国者下流也，天下之牝。
       天下之交也，牝常以静胜牡。
       为其静也故宜为下。
       故大国以下小国，则取小国；
       小国以下大国，则取大国。
       故或下以取，或下而取。
       大国不过欲，兼畜人；小国不过欲，入事人。
       夫两者各得其所欲，大者宜为下。

【译文】
          大国善处下游，它就可以像天下柔静的雌牝一样。天下雌雄之间的交合，雌牝通常以柔静而胜过俊躁的雄牡。这是因为她柔静而适应于处下的缘故。所以，大国比小国善于处下，则可以主导小国；小国比大国善于处下，则可以谋求主导作用。所以，有的可以凭籍处下态势以占居主导地位，有的则可以使自己善于处下而谋求主导作用。大国不过分贪欲而让小国分享国际资源，小国不过分贪欲而让大国占居领导地位。它们双方要达成如此稳定的利益妥协，大的应该善于处下。

1 illustrate   

v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图

参考例句：

• The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
• This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。

2 abase   

v.降低，贬抑

参考例句：

• He refused to abase himself in the eyes of others.他不愿在他人面前被贬低。
• A man who uses bad language will only abase himself.说脏话者只会自贬身分。

3 abasement   

n.滥用

参考例句：

• She despised herself when she remembered the utter self-abasement of the past. 当她回忆起过去的不折不扣的自卑时，她便瞧不起自己。
• In our world there will be no emotions except fear, rage, triumph, and self-abasement. 在我们的世界里，除了恐惧、狂怒、得意、自贬以外，没有别的感情。 来自英汉文学

4 condescending   

adj.谦逊的,故意屈尊的

参考例句：

• He has a condescending attitude towards women. 他对女性总是居高临下。
• He tends to adopt a condescending manner when talking to young women. 和年轻女子说话时，他喜欢摆出一副高高在上的姿态。

5 abasing   

使谦卑( abase的现在分词 )； 使感到羞耻； 使降低（地位、身份等）； 降下

参考例句：

6 adherents   

n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙

参考例句：

• He is a leader with many adherents. 他是个有众多追随者的领袖。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The proposal is gaining more and more adherents. 该建议得到越来越多的支持者。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 procuring   

v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的现在分词 )；拉皮条

参考例句：

• He was accused of procuring women for his business associates. 他被指控为其生意合伙人招妓。 来自辞典例句
• She had particular pleasure, in procuring him the proper invitation. 她特别高兴为他争得这份体面的邀请。 来自辞典例句