Chapter 7

    The Master said, "A transmitter and not a maker¹, believing in andloving the ancients, I venture to compare myself with our old P'ang."The Master said, "The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learningwithout satiety²; and instructing others without being wearied:-whichone of these things belongs to me?"The Master said, "The leaving virtue³ without proper cultivation⁴; thenot thoroughly⁵ discussing what is learned; not being able to movetowards righteousness of which a knowledge is gained; and not beingable to change what is not good:-these are the things which occasionme solicitude⁶."When the Master was unoccupied with business, his manner was easy,and he looked pleased.

　　The Master said, "Extreme is my decay. For a long time, I have notdreamed, as I was wont⁷ to do, that I saw the duke of Chau."The Master said, "Let the will be set on the path of duty.

　　"Let every attainment⁸ in what is good be firmly grasped.

　　"Let perfect virtue be accorded with.

　　"Let relaxation⁹ and enjoyment¹⁰ be found in the polite arts."The Master said, "From the man bringing his bundle of dried fleshfor my teaching upwards¹¹, I have never refused instruction to any one."The Master said, "I do not open up the truth to one who is not eagerto get knowledge, nor help out any one who is not anxious to explainhimself. When I have presented one corner of a subject to any one,and he cannot from it learn the other three, I do not repeat my lesson."When the Master was eating by the side of a mourner, he never ateto the full.

　　He did not sing on the same day in which he had been weeping.

　　The Master said to Yen¹² Yuan, "When called to office, to undertakeits duties; when not so called, to he retired¹³;-it is only I and youwho have attained¹⁴ to this."Tsze-lu said, "If you had the conduct of the armies of a great state,whom would you have to act with you?"The Master said, "I would not have him to act with me, who will unarmedattack a tiger, or cross a river without a boat, dying without anyregret. My associate must be the man who proceeds to action full ofsolicitude, who is fond of adjusting his plans, and then carries theminto execution."The Master said, "If the search for riches is sure to be successful,though I should become a groom¹⁵ with whip in hand to get them, I willdo so. As the search may not be successful, I will follow after thatwhich I love."The things in reference to which the Master exercised the greatestcaution were-fasting, war, and sickness.

　　When the Master was in Ch'i, he heard the Shao, and for three monthsdid not know the taste of flesh. "I did not think'" he said, "thatmusic could have been made so excellent as this."Yen Yu said, "Is our Master for the ruler of Wei?" Tsze-kung said,"Oh! I will ask him."He went in accordingly, and said, "What sort of men were Po-i andShu-ch'i?" "They were ancient worthies," said the Master. "Did theyhave any repinings because of their course?" The Master again replied,"They sought to act virtuously¹⁶, and they did so; what was there forthem to repine about?" On this, Tsze-kung went out and said, "OurMaster is not for him."The Master said, "With coarse rice to eat, with water to drink, andmy bended arm for a pillow;-I have still joy in the midst of thesethings. Riches and honors acquired by unrighteousness, are to me asa floating cloud."The Master said, "If some years were added to my life, I would givefifty to the study of the Yi, and then I might come to be withoutgreat faults."The Master's frequent themes of discourse¹⁷ were-the Odes, the History,and the maintenance of the Rules of Propriety¹⁸. On all these he frequentlydiscoursed.

　　The Duke of Sheh asked Tsze-lu about Confucius, and Tsze-lu did notanswer him.

　　The Master said, "Why did you not say to him,-He is simply a man,who in his eager pursuit of knowledge forgets his food, who in thejoy of its attainment forgets his sorrows, and who does not perceivethat old age is coming on?"The Master said, "I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge;I am one who is fond of antiquity¹⁹, and earnest in seeking it there."The subjects on which the Master did not talk, were-extraordinarythings, feats²⁰ of strength, disorder²¹, and spiritual beings.

　　The Master said, "When I walk along with two others, they may serveme as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them,their bad qualities and avoid them."The Master said, "Heaven produced the virtue that is in me. Hwan T'ui-whatcan he do to me?"The Master said, "Do you think, my disciples²², that I have any concealments?

　　I conceal²³ nothing from you. There is nothing which I do that is notshown to you, my disciples; that is my way."There were four things which the Master taught,-letters, ethics²⁴, devotionof soul, and truthfulness²⁵.

　　The Master said, "A sage²⁶ it is not mine to see; could I see a manof real talent and virtue, that would satisfy me."The Master said, "A good man it is not mine to see; could I see aman possessed²⁷ of constancy, that would satisfy me.

　　"Having not and yet affecting to have, empty and yet affecting tobe full, straitened and yet affecting to be at ease:-it is difficultwith such characteristics to have constancy."The Master angled,-but did not use a net. He shot,-but not at birdsperching.

　　The Master said, "There may be those who act without knowing why.

　　I do not do so. Hearing much and selecting what is good and followingit; seeing much and keeping it in memory: this is the second styleof knowledge."It was difficult to talk profitably and reputably with the peopleof Hu-hsiang, and a lad of that place having had an interview withthe Master, the disciples doubted.

　　The Master said, "I admit people's approach to me without committingmyself as to what they may do when they have retired. Why must onebe so severe? If a man purify himself to wait upon me, I receive himso purified, without guaranteeing his past conduct."The Master said, "Is virtue a thing remote? I wish to be virtuous,and lo! virtue is at hand."The minister of crime of Ch'an asked whether the duke Chao knew propriety,and Confucius said, "He knew propriety."Confucius having retired, the minister bowed to Wu-ma Ch'i to comeforward, and said, "I have heard that the superior man is not a partisan²⁸.

　　May the superior man be a partisan also? The prince married a daughterof the house of WU, of the same surname with himself, and called her,-'Theelder Tsze of Wu.' If the prince knew propriety, who does not knowit?"Wu-ma Ch'i reported these remarks, and the Master said, "I am fortunate!

　　If I have any errors, people are sure to know them."When the Master was in company with a person who was singing, if hesang well, he would make him repeat the song, while he accompaniedit with his own voice.

　　The Master said, "In letters I am perhaps equal to other men, butthe character of the superior man, carrying out in his conduct whathe professes²⁹, is what I have not yet attained to."The Master said, "The sage and the man of perfect virtue;-how dareI rank myself with them? It may simply be said of me, that I striveto become such without satiety, and teach others without weariness."Kung-hsi Hwa said, "This is just what we, the disciples, cannot imitateyou in."The Master being very sick, Tsze-lu asked leave to pray for him. Hesaid, "May such a thing be done?" Tsze-lu replied, "It may. In theEulogies it is said, 'Prayer has been made for thee to the spiritsof the upper and lower worlds.'" The Master said, "My praying hasbeen for a long time."The Master said, "Extravagance leads to insubordination, and parsimonyto meanness. It is better to be mean than to be insubordinate."The Master said, "The superior man is satisfied and composed; themean man is always full of distress³⁰."The Master was mild, and yet dignified³¹; majestic³², and yet not fierce;respectful, and yet easy.

述而篇第七
7.1 子曰：“述而不作，信而好古，窃比于我老彭。”
7.2 子曰：“默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉？”
7.3 子曰：“德之不修，学之不讲，闻义不能徙，不善不能改，是吾忧也。”
7.4 子之燕居，申申如也，夭夭如也。
7.5 子曰：“甚矣吾衰也！久矣吾不复梦见周公。”
7.6 子曰：“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。”
7.7 子曰：“自行束修以上，吾未尝无诲焉。”
7.8 子曰：“不愤不启，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。”
7.9 子食于有丧者之侧，未尝饱也。
7.10 子於是日哭，则不歌。
7.11 子谓颜渊曰：“用之则行，舍之则藏，惟我与尔有是夫！”子路曰：“子行三军，则谁与？”子曰：“暴虎冯河，死而无悔者，吾不与也。必也临事而惧，好谋而成者也。”
7.12 子曰：“富而可求也，虽执鞭之士，吾亦为之。如不可求，从吾所好。”
7.13 子之所慎：齐、战、疾。
7.14 子在齐闻《韶》，三月不知肉味。曰：“不图为乐之至于斯也。”
7.15 冉有曰：“夫子为卫君乎？”子贡曰：“诺。吾将问之。”入，曰：“伯夷、叔齐何人也？”曰：“古之贤人也。”曰：“怨乎？”曰：“求仁而得仁，又何怨？”出，曰：“夫子不为也。”
7.16 子曰：“饭疏食饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。”
7.17 子曰：“加我数年，五十以学《易》，可以无大过矣。”
7.18 子所雅言，《诗》、《书》、执行，皆雅言也。
7.19 叶公问孔子于子路，子路不对。子曰：“女奚不曰：其为人也，发愤忘食，乐以忘忧，不知老之将至云尔。”
7.20 子曰：“我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。”
7.21 子不语：怪、力、乱、神。
7.22 子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉；择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”
7.23 子曰：“天生德于予，恒 其如予何？”
7.24 子曰：“二三子以我为隐乎？吾无隐乎尔。吾无行而不与二三子者，是丘也。”
7.25 子以四教：文、行、忠、信。
7.26 子曰：“圣人，吾不得而见之矣；得见君子者，斯可矣。”子曰：“善人，吾不得而见之矣；得见有恒者，斯可矣。亡而为有，虚而为盈，约而为泰，难乎有恒矣。”
7.27 子钓而不纲，弋不射宿。
7.28 子曰：“盖有不知而作之者，我无是也。多闻，择其善者而从之，多见而识之，知之次也。”
7.29 互乡难与言，童子见，门人惑。子曰：“与其进也，不与其退也，唯何甚？人洁已以进，与其洁也，不保其往也。”
7.30 子曰：“仁远乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣。”
7.31 陈司败问：“昭公知礼乎？”孔子曰：“知礼。”孔子退，揖巫马期而进之，曰：“吾闻君子不党，君子亦党乎？君取于吴，为同姓，谓之吴孟子。君而知礼，孰不知礼？“巫马期以告。子曰：“丘也幸，苟有过，人必知之。”
7.32 子与人歌而善，必使反之，而后和之。
7.33 子曰：“文，莫吾犹人也。躬行君子，则吾未之有得。”
7.34 子曰：“若圣与仁，则吾岂敢？抑为之不厌，诲人不倦，则可谓云尔已矣。”公西华曰：“正唯弟子不能学也。”
7.35 子疾病，子路请祷。子曰：“有诸？”子路对曰：“有之。诔曰：‘祷尔于上下神祗。’”子曰：“丘之祷久矣。”
7.36 子曰：“奢则不孙，俭则固。与其不孙也，宁固。”
7.37 子曰：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。”
7.38 子温而厉，威而不猛，恭而安。

1 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

2 satiety   

n.饱和；(市场的)充分供应

参考例句：

• There is no satiety in study.学无止境。
• Their presence in foods induces satiety at meal time.它们在食物中的存在诱导进餐时的满足感。

3 virtue   

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

• He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
• You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

4 cultivation   

n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成

参考例句：

• The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。
• The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.这块土地不够肥沃，不值得耕种。

5 thoroughly   

adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地

参考例句：

• The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
• The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。

6 solicitude   

n.焦虑

参考例句：

• Your solicitude was a great consolation to me.你对我的关怀给了我莫大的安慰。
• He is full of tender solicitude towards my sister.他对我妹妹满心牵挂。

7 wont   

adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯

参考例句：

• He was wont to say that children are lazy.他常常说小孩子们懒惰。
• It is his wont to get up early.早起是他的习惯。

8 attainment   

n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣

参考例句：

• We congratulated her upon her attainment to so great an age.我们祝贺她高寿。
• The attainment of the success is not easy.成功的取得并不容易。

9 relaxation   

n.松弛，放松；休息；消遣；娱乐

参考例句：

• The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
• She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。

10 enjoyment   

n.乐趣；享有；享用

参考例句：

• Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同，我们这次访问更加愉快了。
• After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话，这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。

11 upwards   

adv.向上，在更高处...以上

参考例句：

• The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
• The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。

12 yen   

n. 日元；热望

参考例句：

• He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.他想将美元换成日币。
• He has a yen to be alone in a boat.他渴望独自呆在一条船上。

13 retired   

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

• The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
• Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

14 attained   

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

• She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
• Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

15 groom   

vt.给（马、狗等）梳毛，照料，使...整洁

参考例句：

• His father was a groom.他父亲曾是个马夫。
• George was already being groomed for the top job.为承担这份高级工作，乔治已在接受专门的培训。

16 virtuously   

合乎道德地，善良地

参考例句：

• Pro31:29 Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all. 箴31:29说，才德的女子很多，惟独你超过一切。

17 discourse   

n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述

参考例句：

• We'll discourse on the subject tonight.我们今晚要谈论这个问题。
• He fell into discourse with the customers who were drinking at the counter.他和站在柜台旁的酒客谈了起来。

18 propriety   

n.正当行为；正当；适当

参考例句：

• We hesitated at the propriety of the method.我们对这种办法是否适用拿不定主意。
• The sensitive matter was handled with great propriety.这件机密的事处理得极为适当。

19 antiquity   

n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹

参考例句：

• The museum contains the remains of Chinese antiquity.博物馆藏有中国古代的遗物。
• There are many legends about the heroes of antiquity.有许多关于古代英雄的传说。

20 feats   

功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He used to astound his friends with feats of physical endurance. 过去，他表现出来的惊人耐力常让朋友们大吃一惊。
• His heroic feats made him a legend in his own time. 他的英雄业绩使他成了他那个时代的传奇人物。

21 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

22 disciples   

n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一

参考例句：

• Judas was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. 犹大是耶稣十二门徒之一。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• "The names of the first two disciples were --" “最初的两个门徒的名字是——” 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

23 conceal   

v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽

参考例句：

• He had to conceal his identity to escape the police.为了躲避警方，他只好隐瞒身份。
• He could hardly conceal his joy at his departure.他几乎掩饰不住临行时的喜悦。

24 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

25 truthfulness   

n. 符合实际

参考例句：

• Among her many virtues are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness. 她有许多的美德，如忠诚、勇敢和诚实。
• I fired a hundred questions concerning the truthfulness of his statement. 我对他发言的真实性提出一连串质问。

26 sage   

n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的

参考例句：

• I was grateful for the old man's sage advice.我很感激那位老人贤明的忠告。
• The sage is the instructor of a hundred ages.这位哲人是百代之师。

27 possessed   

adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的

参考例句：

• He flew out of the room like a man possessed.他像着了魔似地猛然冲出房门。
• He behaved like someone possessed.他行为举止像是魔怔了。

28 partisan   

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

• In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。
• The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

29 professes   

声称( profess的第三人称单数 )； 宣称； 公开表明； 信奉

参考例句：

• She still professes her innocence. 她仍然声称自己无辜。
• He professes himself to be sad but doesn't look it. 他自称感到悲伤，但外表却看不出来。

30 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

31 dignified   

a.可敬的，高贵的

参考例句：

• Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中，他始终沉默以保持尊严。
• He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。

32 majestic   

adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的

参考例句：

• In the distance rose the majestic Alps.远处耸立着雄伟的阿尔卑斯山。
• He looks majestic in uniform.他穿上军装显得很威风。