1. Sun Tzu said: We may distinguish six kinds of terrain,to wit: (1) Accessible ground; (2) entangling1 ground;(3) temporizing2 ground; (4) narrow passes; (5) precipitous heights; (6) positions at a great distance from the enemy.
2. Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides is called accessible.
3. With regard to ground of this nature, be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots,and carefully guard your line of supplies. Then you will be able to fight with advantage.
4. Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to re-occupy is called entangling.
5. From a position of this sort, if the enemy is unprepared, you may sally forth4 and defeat him.But if the enemy is prepared for your coming, and you fail to defeat him, then, return being impossible,disaster will ensue.
6. When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move, it is called temporizing ground.
7. In a position of this sort, even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait, it will be advisable not to stir forth, but rather to retreat, thus enticing5 the enemy in his turn; then, when part of his army has come out, we may deliver our attack with advantage.
8. With regard to narrow passes, if you can occupy them first, let them be strongly garrisoned6 and await the advent7 of the enemy.
9. Should the army forestall8 you in occupying a pass,do not go after him if the pass is fully3 garrisoned,but only if it is weakly garrisoned.
10. With regard to precipitous heights, if you are beforehand with your adversary9, you should occupy the raised and sunny spots, and there wait for him to come up.
11. If the enemy has occupied them before you,do not follow him, but retreat and try to entice10 him away.
12. If you are situated11 at a great distance from the enemy, and the strength of the two armies is equal,it is not easy to provoke a battle, and fighting will be to your disadvantage.
13. These six are the principles connected with Earth.The general who has attained12 a responsible post must be careful to study them.
14. Now an army is exposed to six several calamities,not arising from natural causes, but from faults for which the general is responsible. These are:(1) Flight; (2) insubordination; (3) collapse13; (4) ruin;
(5) disorganization; (6) rout14.
15. Other conditions being equal, if one force is hurled15 against another ten times its size, the result will be the flight of the former.
16. When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination.When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak, the result is collapse.
17. When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate,and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment16, before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight,the result is ruin.
18. When the general is weak and without authority;when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men,and the ranks are formed in a slovenly17 haphazard18 manner,the result is utter disorganization.
19. When a general, unable to estimate the enemy's strength, allows an inferior force to engage a larger one,or hurls19 a weak detachment against a powerful one,and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank,
the result must be rout.
20. These are six ways of courting defeat, which must be carefully noted20 by the general who has attained a responsible post.
21. The natural formation of the country is the soldier's best ally; but a power of estimating the adversary,of controlling the forces of victory, and of shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers and distances,constitutes the test of a great general.
22. He who knows these things, and in fighting puts his knowledge into practice, will win his battles.He who knows them not, nor practices them, will surely be defeated.
23. If fighting is sure to result in victory,then you must fight, even though the ruler forbid it;if fighting will not result in victory, then you must not
fight even at the ruler's bidding.
24. The general who advances without coveting21 fame and retreats without fearing disgrace, whose only thought is to protect his country and do good service for his sovereign, is the jewel of the kingdom.
25. Regard your soldiers as your children, and they will follow you into the deepest valleys; look upon them as your own beloved sons, and they will stand by you even unto death.
26. If, however, you are indulgent, but unable to make your authority felt; kind-hearted, but unable to enforce your commands; and incapable22, moreover, of quelling23 disorder:then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children;they are useless for any practical purpose.
27. If we know that our own men are in a condition to attack, but are unaware24 that the enemy is not open to attack, we have gone only halfway25 towards victory.
28. If we know that the enemy is open to attack,but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack, we have gone only halfway towards victory.
29. If we know that the enemy is open to attack,and also know that our men are in a condition to attack,but are unaware that the nature of the ground makes fighting impracticable, we have still gone only halfway
towards victory.
30. Hence the experienced soldier, once in motion,is never bewildered; once he has broken camp, he is never at a loss.
31. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, your victory will not stand in doubt;if you know Heaven and know Earth, you may make your victory complete.
原文： 【地形第十】
1. 孙子曰：
地形有通者、有挂者、有支者、有隘者、有险者、有远者。我可以往，彼可以来，曰通。通形者，先居高阳，利粮道，以战则利。可以往，难以返，曰挂。挂形者，敌无备，出而胜之，敌若有备，出而不胜，难以返，不利。我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支。支形者，敌虽利我，我无出也，引而去之，令敌半出而击之利。隘形者，我先居之，必盈之以待敌。若敌先居之，盈而勿从，不盈而从之。险形者，我先居之，必居高阳以待敌；若敌先居之，引而去之，勿从也。远形者，势均难以挑战，战而不利。凡此六者，地之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。
2.凡兵有走者、有驰者、有陷者、有崩者、有乱者、有北者。凡此六者，非天地之灾，将之过也。夫势均，以一击十，曰走；卒强吏弱，曰驰；吏强卒弱，曰陷；大吏怒而不服，遇敌怼而自战，将不知其能，曰崩；将弱不严，教道不明，吏卒无常，陈兵纵横，曰乱；将不能料敌，以少合众，以弱击强，兵无选锋，曰北。凡此六者，败之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。
3.夫地形者，兵之助也。料敌制胜，计险隘远近，上将之道也。知此而用战者必胜，不知此而用战者必败。故战道必胜，主曰无战，必战可也；战道不胜，主曰必战，无战可也。故进不求名，退不避罪，唯民是保，而利于主，国之宝也。
4.视卒如婴儿，故可以与之赴深溪；视卒如爱子，故可与之俱死。厚而不能使，爱而不能令，乱而不能治，譬若骄子，不可用也。
知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可以击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。
5.故知兵者，动而不迷，举而不穷。故曰：知彼知己，胜乃不殆；知天知地，胜乃可全。
译文： 【地形第十】
1、孙子说：地形有“通”、“挂”、“支”、“隘”、“险”、“远”等六种。凡是我们可以去，敌人也可以来的地域，叫做“通”；在“通”形地域上，应抢先占开阔向阳的高地，保持粮道畅通，这样作战就有利。凡是可以前进，难以返回的地域，称作“挂”；在挂形的地域上，假如敌人没有防备，我们就能突击取胜。假如敌人有防备，出击又不能取胜，而且难以回师，这就不利了。凡是我军出击不利，敌人出击不利的地域叫做“支”。在“支”形地域上，敌人虽然以利相诱，我们也不要出击，而应该率军假装退却，诱使敌人出击一半时再回师反击，这样就有利。在“隘”形地域上，我们应该抢先占领，并用重兵封锁隘口，以等待敌人的到来；如果敌人已先占据了隘口，并用重兵把守，我们就不要去进攻；如果敌人没有用重兵据守隘口，那么就可以进攻。在“险”形地域上，如果我军先敌占领，就必须控制开阔向阳的高地，以等待敌人来犯；如果敌人先我占领，就应该率军撤离，不要去攻打它。在“远”形地域上，敌我双方地势均同，就不宜去挑战，勉强求战，很是不利。以上六点，是利用地形的原则。这是将帅的重大责任所在，不可不认真考察研究。
2、军队打败仗有“走”、“驰”、“陷”、“崩”、“乱”、“北”六种情况。这六种情况的发生，不是天时地理的灾害，而是将帅自身的过错。地势均同的情况下，以一击十而导致失败的，叫做“走”。士卒强捍，军官懦弱而造成失败的，叫做“驰”。将帅强悍，士卒儒弱而失败的，叫做“陷”。偏将怨仇不服从指挥，遇到敌人擅自出战，主将又不了解他们能力，因而失败的，叫做“崩”。将帅懦弱缺乏威严，治军没有章法，官兵关系混乱紧张，列兵布阵杂乱无常，因此而致败的，叫做“乱”。将帅不能正确判断敌情，以少击众，以弱击强，作战又没有精锐先锋部队，因而落败的，叫做“北”。以上六种情况，均是导致失败的原因。这是将帅的重大责任之所在，是不可不认真考察研究的。
3、地形是用兵打仗的辅助条件。正确判断敌情，考察地形险易，计算道路远近，这是高明的将领必须掌握的方法，懂得这些道理去指挥作战的，必定能够胜利；不了解这些道理去指挥作战的，必定失败。所以，根据分析有必胜把握的，即使国君主张不打，坚持打也是可以的；根据分析没有必胜把握的，即使国君主张打，不打也是可以的。所以，战不谋求胜利的名声，退不回避失利的罪责，只求保全百姓，符合国君利益，这样的将帅，才是国家的宝贵财富。
4、对待士卒象对待婴儿，士卒就可以同他共患难：对待士卒象对待自己的儿子，士卒就可以跟他同生共死。如果对士卒厚待却不能使用，溺爱却不能指挥，违法而不能惩治，那就如同骄惯了的子女，是不可以用来同敌作战的。只了解自己的部队可以打，而不了解敌人不可打，取胜的可能只有一半；只了解敌人可以打，而不了解自己的部队不可以打，取胜的可能也只有一半。知道敌人可以打，也知道自己的部队能打，但是不了解地形不利于作战，取胜的可能性仍然只有一半。所以，懂得用兵的人，他行动起来不会迷惑，他的战术变化无穷。
5、所以说：知彼知己，胜乃不殆；知天知地，胜乃可全。
收听单词发音 |
1
entangling
|
|
| v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
temporizing
|
|
| v.敷衍( temporize的现在分词 )；拖延；顺应时势；暂时同意 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
fully
|
|
| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
forth
|
|
| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
enticing
|
|
| adj.迷人的；诱人的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
garrisoned
|
|
| 卫戍部队守备( garrison的过去式和过去分词 )； 派部队驻防 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
advent
|
|
| n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
forestall
|
|
| vt.抢在…之前采取行动；预先阻止 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
adversary
|
|
| adj.敌手，对手 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
entice
|
|
| v.诱骗，引诱，怂恿 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
situated
|
|
| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
attained
|
|
| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
collapse
|
|
| vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
rout
|
|
| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
hurled
|
|
| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
resentment
|
|
| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
slovenly
|
|
| adj.懒散的，不整齐的，邋遢的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
haphazard
|
|
| adj.无计划的，随意的，杂乱无章的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
hurls
|
|
| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的第三人称单数 )；大声叫骂 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
noted
|
|
| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
coveting
|
|
| v.贪求，觊觎( covet的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
incapable
|
|
| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
quelling
|
|
| v.（用武力）制止，结束，镇压( quell的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
unaware
|
|
| a.不知道的，未意识到的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
halfway
|
|
| adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |