Chapter 12 The Attack By Fire

1. Sun Tzu said: There are five ways of attacking with fire. The first is to burn soldiers in their camp;the second is to burn stores; the third is to burn baggage trains; the fourth is to burn arsenals¹ and magazines;the fifth is to hurl² dropping fire amongst the enemy.
2. In order to carry out an attack, we must have means available. The material for raising fire should always be kept in readiness.
3. There is a proper season for making attacks with fire,and special days for starting a conflagration³.
4. The proper season is when the weather is very dry;the special days are those when the moon is in the constellations⁴ of the Sieve⁵, the Wall, the Wing or the Cross-bar; for these four are all days of rising wind.
5. In attacking with fire, one should be prepared to meet five possible developments:
6. (1) When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp,respond at once with an attack from without.
7. (2) If there is an outbreak of fire, but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet, bide⁶ your time and do not attack.
8. (3) When the force of the flames has reached its height,follow it up with an attack, if that is practicable;if not, stay where you are.
9. (4) If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without, do not wait for it to break out within,but deliver your attack at a favorable moment.
10. (5) When you start a fire, be to windward of it.Do not attack from the leeward⁷.
11. A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long,but a night breeze soon falls.
12. In every army, the five developments connected with fire must be known, the movements of the stars calculated,and a watch kept for the proper days.
13. Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence; those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength.
14. By means of water, an enemy may be intercepted,but not robbed of all his belongings⁸.
15. Unhappy is the fate of one who tries to win his battles and succeed in his attacks without cultivating the spirit of enterprise; for the result is waste of time and general stagnation⁹.
16. Hence the saying: The enlightened ruler lays his plans well ahead; the good general cultivates his resources.
17. Move not unless you see an advantage; use not your troops unless there is something to be gained;fight not unless the position is critical.
18. No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen; no general should fight a battle simply out of pique¹⁰.
19. If it is to your advantage, make a forward move;if not, stay where you are.
20. Anger may in time change to gladness; vexation may be succeeded by content.
21. But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come again into being; nor can the dead ever be brought back to life.
22. Hence the enlightened ruler is heedful,and the good general full of caution. This is the way to keep a country at peace and an army intact.

      　原文： 【火攻第十二】
      1.凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火积，三曰火辎，四曰火库，五曰火队。
      行火必有因，因必素具。发火有时，起火有日。时者，天之燥也。日者，月在箕、壁、翼、轸也。凡此四宿者，风起之日也。
      2.凡火攻，必因五火之变而应之：火发于内，则早应之于外；火发而其兵静者，待而勿攻，极其火力，可从而从之，不可从则上。火可发于外，无待于内，以时发之，火发上风，无攻下风，昼风久，夜风止。凡军必知五火之变，以数守之。
      故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者强。水可以绝，不可以夺。
      3.
      夫战胜攻取而不修其功者,凶，命曰“费留”。故曰：明主虑之，良将慎之，非利不动，非得不用，非危不战。主不可以怒而兴师，将不可以愠而攻战。合于利而动，不合于利而止。怒可以复喜，愠可以复说，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。故明主慎之，良将警之。此安国全军之道也。

      　　 译文：　　【火攻第十二】
      1、孙子说：火攻形式共有五种，一是火烧敌军人马，二是焚烧敌军粮草，三是焚烧敌军辎重，四是焚烧敌军仓库，五是火烧敌军运输设施。实施火攻必须具备条件，火攻器材必须随时准备。放火要看准天时，起火要选好日子。天时是指气候干燥，日子是指月亮行经“箕”、“壁”、“翼”、“轸”四个星宿位置的时候。月亮经过这四个星宿的时候，就是起风的日子。
      　　2、凡用火攻，必须根据五种火攻所引起的不同变化，灵活部署兵力策应。在敌营内部放火，就要及时派兵从外面策应。火已烧起而敌军依然保持镇静，就应等待，不可立即发起进攻。待火势旺盛后，再根据情况作出决定，可以进攻就进攻，不可进攻就停止。火可从外面放，这时就不必等待内应，只要适时放火就行。从上风放火时，不可从下风进攻。白天风刮久了，夜晚就容易停止。军队都必须掌握这五种火攻形式，等待条件具备时进行火攻。用火来辅助军队进攻，效果显著；用水来辅助军队进攻，攻势必能加强。水可以把敌军分割隔绝，但却不能焚毁敌人的军需物资。
      　　3、凡打了胜仗，攻取了土地城邑，而不能巩固战果的，会很危险，这种情况叫做“费留”。所以说，明智的国君要慎重地考虑这个问题，贤良的将帅要严肃地对待这个问题。没有好处不要行动，没有取胜的把握不能用兵，不到危急关头不要开战。国君不可因一时愤怒而发动战争，将帅不可因一时的气忿而出阵求战。符合国家利益才用兵，不符合国家利益就停止。愤怒还可以重新变为欢喜，气忿也可以重新转为高兴，但是国家灭亡了就不能复存，人死了也不能再生。所以，对待战争，明智的国君应该慎重，贤良的将帅应该警惕，这是安定国家和保全军队的基本道理。

1 arsenals   

n.兵工厂，军火库( arsenal的名词复数 )；任何事物的集成

参考例句：

• We possess-each of us-nuclear arsenals capable of annihilating humanity. 我们两国都拥有能够毁灭全人类的核武库。 来自辞典例句
• Arsenals are factories that produce weapons. 军工厂是生产武器的工厂。 来自互联网

2 hurl   

vt.猛投，力掷，声叫骂

参考例句：

• The best cure for unhappiness is to hurl yourself into your work.医治愁苦的最好办法就是全身心地投入工作。
• To hurl abuse is no way to fight.谩骂决不是战斗。

3 conflagration   

n.建筑物或森林大火

参考例句：

• A conflagration in 1947 reduced 90 percent of the houses to ashes.1947年的一场大火，使90%的房屋化为灰烬。
• The light of that conflagration will fade away.这熊熊烈火会渐渐熄灭。

4 constellations   

n.星座( constellation的名词复数 )；一群杰出人物；一系列（相关的想法、事物）；一群（相关的人）

参考例句：

• The map of the heavens showed all the northern constellations. 这份天体图标明了北半部所有的星座。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His time was coming, he would move in the constellations of power. 他时来运转，要进入权力中心了。 来自教父部分

5 sieve   

n.筛，滤器，漏勺

参考例句：

• We often shake flour through a sieve.我们经常用筛子筛面粉。
• Finally,it is like drawing water with a sieve.到头来，竹篮打水一场空。

6 bide   

v.忍耐；等候；住

参考例句：

• We'll have to bide our time until the rain stops.我们必须等到雨停。
• Bide here for a while. 请在这儿等一会儿。

7 leeward   

adj.背风的；下风的

参考例句：

• The trees all listed to leeward.树木统统向下风方向倾。
• We steered a course to leeward.我们向下风航驶。

8 belongings   

n.私人物品，私人财物

参考例句：

• I put a few personal belongings in a bag.我把几件私人物品装进包中。
• Your personal belongings are not dutiable.个人物品不用纳税。

9 stagnation   

n. 停滞

参考例句：

• Poor economic policies led to a long period of stagnation and decline. 糟糕的经济政策道致了长时间的经济萧条和下滑。
• Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. 运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。

10 pique   

v.伤害…的自尊心，使生气 n.不满，生气

参考例句：

• She went off in a fit of pique.她一赌气就走了。
• Tom finished the sentence with an air of pique.汤姆有些生气地说完这句话。