On such an occasion, it is my habit to regard my walk as my beat, and myself as a higher sort of police-constable doing duty on the same. There is many a ruffian in the streets whom I mentally collar and clear out of them, who would see mighty3 little of London, I can tell him, if I could deal with him physically4.
Issuing forth5 upon this very beat, and following with my eyes three hulking garrotters on their way home, — which home I could confidently swear to be within so many yards of Drury-lane, in such a narrow and restricted direction (though they live in their lodging quite as undisturbed as I in mine), — I went on duty with a consideration which I respectfully offer to the new Chief Commissioner7, — in whom I thoroughly8 confide6 as a tried and efficient public servant. How often (thought I) have I been forced to swallow, in police-reports, the intolerable stereotyped9 pill of nonsense, how that the police-constable informed the worthy10 magistrate11 how that the associates of the prisoner did, at that present speaking, dwell in a street or court which no man dared go down, and how that the worthy magistrate had heard of the dark reputation of such street or court, and how that our readers would doubtless remember that it was always the same street or court which was thus edifyingly discoursed12 about, say once a fortnight.
Now, suppose that a Chief Commissioner sent round a circular to every division of police employed in London, requiring instantly the names in all districts of all such much-puffed streets or courts which no man durst go down; and suppose that in such circular he gave plain warning, ‘If those places really exist, they are a proof of police inefficiency13 which I mean to punish; and if they do not exist, but are a conventional fiction, then they are a proof of lazy tacit police connivance14 with professional crime, which I also mean to punish’ — what then? Fictions or realities, could they survive the touchstone of this atom of common sense? To tell us in open court, until it has become as trite15 a feature of news as the great gooseberry, that a costly16 police-system such as was never before heard of, has left in London, in the days of steam and gas and photographs of thieves and electric telegraphs, the sanctuaries17 and stews18 of the Stuarts! Why, a parity19 of practice, in all departments, would bring back the Plague in two summers, and the Druids in a century!
Walking faster under my share of this public injury, I overturned a wretched little creature, who, clutching at the rags of a pair of trousers with one of its claws, and at its ragged21 hair with the other, pattered with bare feet over the muddy stones. I stopped to raise and succour this poor weeping wretch20, and fifty like it, but of both sexes, were about me in a moment, begging, tumbling, fighting, clamouring, yelling, shivering in their nakedness and hunger. The piece of money I had put into the claw of the child I had over-turned was clawed out of it, and was again clawed out of that wolfish gripe, and again out of that, and soon I had no notion in what part of the obscene scuffle in the mud, of rags and legs and arms and dirt, the money might be. In raising the child, I had drawn22 it aside out of the main thoroughfare, and this took place among some wooden hoardings and barriers and ruins of demolished23 buildings, hard by Temple Bar.
Unexpectedly, from among them emerged a genuine police-constable, before whom the dreadful brood dispersed24 in various directions, he making feints and darts25 in this direction and in that, and catching26 nothing. When all were frightened away, he took off his hat, pulled out a handkerchief from it, wiped his heated brow, and restored the handkerchief and hat to their places, with the air of a man who had discharged a great moral duty, — as indeed he had, in doing what was set down for him. I looked at him, and I looked about at the disorderly traces in the mud, and I thought of the drops of rain and the footprints of an extinct creature, hoary27 ages upon ages old, that geologists28 have identified on the face of a cliff; and this speculation29 came over me: If this mud could petrify30 at this moment, and could lie concealed31 here for ten thousand years, I wonder whether the race of men then to be our successors on the earth could, from these or any marks, by the utmost force of the human intellect, unassisted by tradition, deduce such an astounding32 inference as the existence of a polished state of society that bore with the public savagery33 of neglected children in the streets of its capital city, and was proud of its power by sea and land, and never used its power to seize and save them!
After this, when I came to the Old Bailey and glanced up it towards Newgate, I found that the prison had an inconsistent look. There seemed to be some unlucky inconsistency in the atmosphere that day; for though the proportions of St. Paul’s Cathedral are very beautiful, it had an air of being somewhat out of drawing, in my eyes. I felt as though the cross were too high up, and perched upon the intervening golden ball too far away.
Facing eastward34, I left behind me Smithfield and Old Bailey, — fire and faggot, condemned35 hold, public hanging, whipping through the city at the cart-tail, pillory36, branding-iron, and other beautiful ancestral landmarks37, which rude hands have rooted up, without bringing the stars quite down upon us as yet, — and went my way upon my beat, noting how oddly characteristic neighbourhoods are divided from one another, hereabout, as though by an invisible line across the way. Here shall cease the bankers and the money-changers; here shall begin the shipping38 interest and the nautical-instrument shops; here shall follow a scarcely perceptible flavouring of groceries and drugs; here shall come a strong infusion39 of butchers; now, small hosiers shall be in the ascendant; henceforth, everything exposed for sale shall have its ticketed price attached. All this as if specially40 ordered and appointed.
A single stride at Houndsditch Church, no wider than sufficed to cross the kennel41 at the bottom of the Canon-gate, which the debtors42 in Holyrood sanctuary43 were wont44 to relieve their minds by skipping over, as Scott relates, and standing45 in delightful46 daring of catchpoles on the free side, — a single stride, and everything is entirely47 changed in grain and character. West of the stride, a table, or a chest of drawers on sale, shall be of mahogany and French-polished; east of the stride, it shall be of deal, smeared48 with a cheap counterfeit49 resembling lip-salve. West of the stride, a penny loaf or bun shall be compact and self-contained; east of the stride, it shall be of a sprawling50 and splay-footed character, as seeking to make more of itself for the money. My beat lying round by Whitechapel Church, and the adjacent sugar-refineries, — great buildings, tier upon tier, that have the appearance of being nearly related to the dock-warehouses at Liverpool, — I turned off to my right, and, passing round the awkward corner on my left, came suddenly on an apparition51 familiar to London streets afar off.
What London peripatetic52 of these times has not seen the woman who has fallen forward, double, through some affection of the spine53, and whose head has of late taken a turn to one side, so that it now droops54 over the back of one of her arms at about the wrist? Who does not know her staff, and her shawl, and her basket, as she gropes her way along, capable of seeing nothing but the pavement, never begging, never stopping, for ever going somewhere on no business? How does she live, whence does she come, whither does she go, and why? I mind the time when her yellow arms were naught55 but bone and parchment. Slight changes steal over her; for there is a shadowy suggestion of human skin on them now. The Strand56 may be taken as the central point about which she revolves57 in a half-mile orbit. How comes she so far east as this? And coming back too! Having been how much farther? She is a rare spectacle in this neighbourhood. I receive intelligent information to this effect from a dog — a lop-sided mongrel with a foolish tail, plodding58 along with his tail up, and his ears pricked59, and displaying an amiable60 interest in the ways of his fellow-men, — if I may be allowed the expression. After pausing at a pork-shop, he is jogging eastward like myself, with a benevolent61 countenance62 and a watery63 mouth, as though musing64 on the many excellences65 of pork, when he beholds66 this doubled-up bundle approaching. He is not so much astonished at the bundle (though amazed by that), as the circumstance that it has within itself the means of locomotion67. He stops, pricks68 his ears higher, makes a slight point, stares, utters a short, low growl69, and glistens70 at the nose, — as I conceive with terror. The bundle continuing to approach, he barks, turns tail, and is about to fly, when, arguing with himself that flight is not becoming in a dog, he turns, and once more faces the advancing heap of clothes. After much hesitation71, it occurs to him that there may be a face in it somewhere. Desperately72 resolving to undertake the adventure, and pursue the inquiry73, he goes slowly up to the bundle, goes slowly round it, and coming at length upon the human countenance down there where never human countenance should be, gives a yelp74 of horror, and flies for the East India Docks.
Being now in the Commercial Road district of my beat, and bethinking myself that Stepney Station is near, I quicken my pace that I may turn out of the road at that point, and see how my small eastern star is shining.
The Children’s Hospital, to which I gave that name, is in full force. All its beds are occupied. There is a new face on the bed where my pretty baby lay, and that sweet little child is now at rest for ever. Much kind sympathy has been here since my former visit, and it is good to see the walls profusely75 garnished76 with dolls. I wonder what Poodles may think of them, as they stretch out their arms above the beds, and stare, and display their splendid dresses. Poodles has a greater interest in the patients. I find him making the round of the beds, like a house-surgeon, attended by another dog, — a friend, — who appears to trot77 about with him in the character of his pupil dresser. Poodles is anxious to make me known to a pretty little girl looking wonderfully healthy, who had had a leg taken off for cancer of the knee. A difficult operation, Poodles intimates, wagging his tail on the counterpane, but perfectly78 successful, as you see, dear sir! The patient, patting Poodles, adds with a smile, ‘The leg was so much trouble to me, that I am glad it’s gone.’ I never saw anything in doggery finer than the deportment of Poodles, when another little girl opens her mouth to show a peculiar79 enlargement of the tongue. Poodles (at that time on a table, to be on a level with the occasion) looks at the tongue (with his own sympathetically out) so very gravely and knowingly, that I feel inclined to put my hand in my waistcoat-pocket, and give him a guinea, wrapped in paper.
On my beat again, and close to Limehouse Church, its termination, I found myself near to certain ‘Lead-Mills.’ Struck by the name, which was fresh in my memory, and finding, on inquiry, that these same lead-mills were identified with those same lead-mills of which I made mention when I first visited the East London Children’s Hospital and its neighbourhood as Uncommercial Traveller, I resolved to have a look at them.
Received by two very intelligent gentlemen, brothers, and partners with their father in the concern, and who testified every desire to show their works to me freely, I went over the lead-mills. The purport80 of such works is the conversion81 of pig-lead into white-lead. This conversion is brought about by the slow and gradual effecting of certain successive chemical changes in the lead itself. The processes are picturesque82 and interesting, — the most so, being the burying of the lead, at a certain stage of preparation, in pots, each pot containing a certain quantity of acid besides, and all the pots being buried in vast numbers, in layers, under tan, for some ten weeks.
Hopping83 up ladders, and across planks84, and on elevated perches85, until I was uncertain whether to liken myself to a bird or a brick-layer, I became conscious of standing on nothing particular, looking down into one of a series of large cocklofts, with the outer day peeping in through the chinks in the tiled roof above. A number of women were ascending86 to, and descending87 from, this cockloft, each carrying on the upward journey a pot of prepared lead and acid, for deposition88 under the smoking tan. When one layer of pots was completely filled, it was carefully covered in with planks, and those were carefully covered with tan again, and then another layer of pots was begun above; sufficient means of ventilation being preserved through wooden tubes. Going down into the cockloft then filling, I found the heat of the tan to be surprisingly great, and also the odour of the lead and acid to be not absolutely exquisite89, though I believe not noxious90 at that stage. In other cocklofts, where the pots were being exhumed91, the heat of the steaming tan was much greater, and the smell was penetrating92 and peculiar. There were cocklofts in all stages; full and empty, half filled and half emptied; strong, active women were clambering about them busily; and the whole thing had rather the air of the upper part of the house of some immensely rich old Turk, whose faithful seraglio were hiding his money because the sultan or the pasha was coming.
As is the case with most pulps93 or pigments94, so in the instance of this white-lead, processes of stirring, separating, washing, grinding, rolling, and pressing succeed. Some of these are unquestionably inimical to health, the danger arising from inhalation of particles of lead, or from contact between the lead and the touch, or both. Against these dangers, I found good respirators provided (simply made of flannel95 and muslin, so as to be inexpensively renewed, and in some instances washed with scented96 soap), and gauntlet gloves, and loose gowns. Everywhere, there was as much fresh air as windows, well placed and opened, could possibly admit. And it was explained that the precaution of frequently changing the women employed in the worst parts of the work (a precaution originating in their own experience or apprehension97 of its ill effects) was found salutary. They had a mysterious and singular appearance, with the mouth and nose covered, and the loose gown on, and yet bore out the simile98 of the old Turk and the seraglio all the better for the disguise.
At last this vexed99 white-lead, having been buried and resuscitated100, and heated and cooled and stirred, and separated and washed and ground, and rolled and pressed, is subjected to the action of intense fiery101 heat. A row of women, dressed as above described, stood, let us say, in a large stone bakehouse, passing on the baking-dishes as they were given out by the cooks, from hand to hand, into the ovens. The oven, or stove, cold as yet, looked as high as an ordinary house, and was full of men and women on temporary footholds, briskly passing up and stowing away the dishes. The door of another oven, or stove, about to be cooled and emptied, was opened from above, for the uncommercial countenance to peer down into. The uncommercial countenance withdrew itself, with expedition and a sense of suffocation102, from the dull-glowing heat and the overpowering smell. On the whole, perhaps the going into these stoves to work, when they are freshly opened, may be the worst part of the occupation.
But I made it out to be indubitable that the owners of these lead-mills honestly and sedulously103 try to reduce the dangers of the occupation to the lowest point.
A washing-place is provided for the women (I thought there might have been more towels), and a room in which they hang their clothes, and take their meals, and where they have a good fire-range and fire, and a female attendant to help them, and to watch that they do not neglect the cleansing104 of their hands before touching105 their food. An experienced medical attendant is provided for them, and any premonitory symptoms of lead-poisoning are carefully treated. Their teapots and such things were set out on tables ready for their afternoon meal, when I saw their room; and it had a homely106 look. It is found that they bear the work much better than men: some few of them have been at it for years, and the great majority of those I observed were strong and active. On the other hand, it should be remembered that most of them are very capricious and irregular in their attendance.
American inventiveness would seem to indicate that before very long white-lead may be made entirely by machinery107. The sooner, the better. In the meantime, I parted from my two frank conductors over the mills, by telling them that they had nothing there to be concealed, and nothing to be blamed for. As to the rest, the philosophy of the matter of lead-poisoning and workpeople seems to me to have been pretty fairly summed up by the Irishwoman whom I quoted in my former paper: ‘Some of them gets lead-pisoned soon, and some of them gets lead-pisoned later, and some, but not many, niver; and ’tis all according to the constitooshun, sur; and some constitooshuns is strong and some is weak.’ Retracing108 my footsteps over my beat, I went off duty.
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1
lodging
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| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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compliance
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| n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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confide
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| v.向某人吐露秘密 | |
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commissioner
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| n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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stereotyped
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| adj.(指形象、思想、人物等)模式化的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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discoursed
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| 演说（discourse的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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inefficiency
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| n.无效率，无能；无效率事例 | |
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connivance
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| n.纵容；默许 | |
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trite
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| adj.陈腐的 | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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sanctuaries
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| n.避难所( sanctuary的名词复数 )；庇护；圣所；庇护所 | |
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stews
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| n.炖煮的菜肴( stew的名词复数 )；烦恼，焦虑v.炖( stew的第三人称单数 )；煨；思考；担忧 | |
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parity
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| n.平价，等价，比价，对等 | |
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wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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demolished
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| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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darts
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| n.掷飞镖游戏；飞镖( dart的名词复数 )；急驰，飞奔v.投掷，投射( dart的第三人称单数 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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hoary
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| adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的 | |
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geologists
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| 地质学家，地质学者( geologist的名词复数 ) | |
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speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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petrify
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| vt.使发呆；使…变成化石 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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astounding
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| adj.使人震惊的vt.使震惊，使大吃一惊astound的现在分词) | |
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savagery
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| n.野性 | |
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eastward
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| adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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pillory
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| n.嘲弄；v.使受公众嘲笑；将…示众 | |
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landmarks
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| n.陆标( landmark的名词复数 )；目标；（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 ~ (in sth)；有历史意义的建筑物（或遗址） | |
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shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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infusion
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| n.灌输 | |
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specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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kennel
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| n.狗舍，狗窝 | |
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debtors
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| n.债务人，借方( debtor的名词复数 ) | |
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sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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48
smeared
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| 弄脏； 玷污； 涂抹； 擦上 | |
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counterfeit
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| vt.伪造，仿造；adj.伪造的，假冒的 | |
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sprawling
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| adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着） | |
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51
apparition
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| n.幽灵，神奇的现象 | |
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peripatetic
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| adj.漫游的，逍遥派的，巡回的 | |
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spine
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| n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊 | |
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droops
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| 弯曲或下垂，发蔫( droop的名词复数 ) | |
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naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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strand
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| vt.使（船）搁浅，使（某人）困于（某地） | |
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revolves
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| v.（使）旋转( revolve的第三人称单数 )；细想 | |
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plodding
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| a.proceeding in a slow or dull way | |
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pricked
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| 刺，扎，戳( prick的过去式和过去分词 )； 刺伤； 刺痛； 使剧痛 | |
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amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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musing
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| n. 沉思，冥想 adj. 沉思的, 冥想的 动词muse的现在分词形式 | |
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excellences
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| n.卓越( excellence的名词复数 )；（只用于所修饰的名词后）杰出的；卓越的；出类拔萃的 | |
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beholds
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| v.看，注视( behold的第三人称单数 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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locomotion
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| n.运动，移动 | |
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pricks
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| 刺痛( prick的名词复数 )； 刺孔； 刺痕； 植物的刺 | |
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growl
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| v.（狗等）嗥叫，（炮等）轰鸣；n.嗥叫，轰鸣 | |
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glistens
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| v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的第三人称单数 ) | |
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hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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desperately
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| adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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yelp
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| vi.狗吠 | |
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profusely
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| ad.abundantly | |
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garnished
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| v.给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰( garnish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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trot
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| n.疾走，慢跑；n.老太婆；现成译本；(复数）trots:腹泻（与the 连用）；v.小跑，快步走，赶紧 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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purport
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| n.意义，要旨，大要；v.意味著，做为...要旨，要领是... | |
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conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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hopping
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| n. 跳跃 动词hop的现在分词形式 | |
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84
planks
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| （厚）木板( plank的名词复数 )； 政纲条目，政策要点 | |
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perches
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| 栖息处( perch的名词复数 )； 栖枝； 高处； 鲈鱼 | |
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ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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deposition
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| n.免职，罢官；作证；沉淀；沉淀物 | |
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exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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noxious
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| adj.有害的，有毒的；使道德败坏的，讨厌的 | |
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exhumed
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| v.挖出，发掘出( exhume的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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pulps
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| 水果的肉质部分( pulp的第三人称单数 )； 果肉； 纸浆； 低级书刊 | |
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94
pigments
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| n.（粉状）颜料( pigment的名词复数 )；天然色素 | |
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flannel
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| n.法兰绒；法兰绒衣服 | |
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scented
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| adj.有香味的；洒香水的；有气味的v.嗅到(scent的过去分词) | |
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apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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simile
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| n.直喻，明喻 | |
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vexed
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| adj.争论不休的；（指问题等）棘手的；争论不休的问题；烦恼的v.使烦恼( vex的过去式和过去分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论 | |
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resuscitated
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| v.使（某人或某物）恢复知觉，苏醒( resuscitate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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101
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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102
suffocation
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| n.窒息 | |
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103
sedulously
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| ad.孜孜不倦地 | |
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104
cleansing
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| n. 净化(垃圾) adj. 清洁用的 动词cleanse的现在分词 | |
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105
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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106
homely
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| adj.家常的，简朴的；不漂亮的 | |
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107
machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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108
retracing
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| v.折回( retrace的现在分词 )；回忆；回顾；追溯 | |
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