Leaving his baggage to be sent for later, he will walk, or take a convenient tram, from the harbour up the fairly steep incline of a narrow street and find himself at a corner of the ancient Plaza2 of the City; the Plaza with History represented on two of its sides, to his right and left respectively, by the Cathedral and the old Congress buildings. Facing him, he will see modernity embodied3 in the palatial4 Club Uruguayo, while immediately on his left hand, at his back, is a little front door and staircase leading to the comfortable and hospitable5 English club.
The middle of the square is occupied by fine subtropical and other plants surrounding a band-stand from which very sweet music indeed proceeds at night in the summer-time; which, including Spring and Autumn, lasts for nine months of the year.
Afterwards, he will find his way to the Plaza Independencia on one side of which is Government House, and almost behind which is Montevideo’s Opera House, the Soler Theatre. Later he can visit Pocitos, Ramirez and other delightful6, white-sanded bathing beaches, with which Montevideo[80] abounds7; for this city on a hill occupies a small peninsula which juts8 out just where the estuary9 of the River merges10 into the Atlantic Ocean.
All the streets leading from three sides of the old Plaza go downhill to the sea; and up one parallel set or another of them comes a fresh breeze at all times of the day and night and at all seasons of the year. One seldom or never suffers in Montevideo from the stifling11 oppression sometimes so painful in the dog-days of Buenos Aires.
With so many natural advantages, it can be readily understood that Montevideo has an ambition and that that ambition should be to become the seaside resort of South America.
Towards the realization12 of this desire the Government and the Municipality spare no expense at all commensurate with their means. Fine broad motor drives and promenades13 run, or are being constructed to run, all round the three water-bound sides which, by the test of school geographies, indicate a true peninsula.
Gaily14 striped bathing tents can be hired by the hour, day, week or season on what have just been said to be delightful soft, warm, sandy beaches. To come out of the water and roll oneself dry in this fine clean sand is an experience not to be missed and certainly to be remembered, apart from its proclaimed virtues15 as a sovereign cure for rheumatism16.
That malady17 must, however, surely be an imported article; one does not naturally associate it with the bright dry climate of Montevideo.
Municipal bands, good operatic and dramatic companies are added lures18 for holiday-makers of the wealthier class from neighbouring Republics; while Montevideo sustains the ancient custom of keeping carnival19, masked and with illuminations, flower-throwing and costumed corsos, in a fashion which entirely20 throws into the shade the now moribund21 carnival of Buenos Aires.
THE PLAZA LIBERTAD, MONTEVIDEO
At Montevideo, all is done to please and nothing to annoy,[81] so that the throwing of water which was a leading feature of the old-time carnival is now strictly22 prohibited by authority enforced by the police; as is also the case in Buenos Aires.
Thousands of people cross each year from Buenos Aires for the Montevideo carnival, the whole available fleet of the company which runs luxurious23 boats between the two cities are pressed into the service of this occasion and become floating hotels; the normal hotel accommodation of Montevideo being insufficient25 to meet such an influx26 of visitors during these few days.
By the way, the origin of this fine steamboat service is an interesting example of the progress made by the two countries and the fortunes which have been amassed27 in them during existing lifetimes.
Before the building of the present dock system of Buenos Aires, one of the boatmen who used to land and embark28 passengers from or on the ocean-going ships was a man named Nicolas Mihanovich; evidently a very level-headed and at that time at least, a very frugal29 and saving person indeed.
With his row-boat he gained sufficient to enable him to purchase a sailing vessel30 which he used for regular traffic to and fro across the broad mouth of the River Plate. So, his enterprise grew; and only a very few years ago he turned his own private company into a public one with larger aims, in which latter company he nevertheless retains a very large interest. The one-time boatman is now a multi-millionaire. The present service leaves Buenos Aires, or Montevideo as the case may be, at about ten o’clock each evening and lands its passengers, after a good sleep in comfortable beds, on the other side at about seven o’clock the following morning.
Many are the true tales of fortunes amassed, sometimes one may almost say won, in Argentina, especially, within living memory.
Se?or Santamarina, now deceased, left on his huge estate at[82] Tandíl, one of his many properties, the original two-wheeled high cart which was his only fortune when he commenced life as what in other countries would be called a transport rider. This cart is, or till recently was, preserved in a glass house erected32 specially31 by him to house and exhibit it to all visitors to the estancia.
Another history is that of a millionaire family whose immediate ancestor certainly won fortune by an astuteness33 which may or may not be considered commendable34.
He rented a large—large even for the Argentina of those roomy days—tract of land from a man who foresaw wealth in tree-planting. The latter was right; but his personal calculations did not, as will be seen, turn out as he had planned. He made it a condition that not less than a certain number of trees should be planted on the land within the period of the lease, and that for every tree above that number planted he should, on the termination of the lease, pay the sum of $1 to the outgoing tenant35.
The wily lessee36 immediately set to work to plant trees as fast as ever he could, and at the expiration37 of his lease had millions of them, over and above the stipulated38 number, to show for his pains. The unfortunate lessor could not pay so many million dollars, and to end the affair was glad to let his former lessee have full freehold possession of the land and so call quits.
That land, still in the possession of the original lessee’s family, is worth a huge fortune to-day, and its produce represents a very large income indeed—forestry apart.
And now, as these stories have taken us to Argentina, the reader may as well prepare to follow them by embarking39 on one of the “Mihanovich” boats; as they still are and probably always will be called, in spite of the longer name of the new company, and find himself in Buenos Aires next morning.
By leaving his baggage for further consideration, as he did at Montevideo, he can go on foot in about five minutes from[83] the landing-place across the gardens of the Paseo de Julio, which name is a first reminiscence of the birth of the Republic, round one or the other side of the “Casa Rosada” or pink-coloured Government House, and find himself immediately in the Plaza Victoria with on his right the Stock Exchange lying between the Calles 25 de Mayo and San Martin—further reminiscences of the wars of Liberty. Keeping his back towards the Casa Rosada, he will look straight up the broad Avenida de Mayo with the historic old Cabildo or Town Hall on the left corner of the commencement of the avenue and the fine new Municipality opposite.
At the far end of the avenue rises the splendid edifice40 of the new Congress Building, the “Palace of Gold” as it is called in quasi-humorous reference to its costliness41. This is, however, not a new joke. Formerly42 it was applied43 to the Casa Rosada, now become a comparatively humble44 edifice. Besides, if an Argentine calls one’s attention to the scandalous cost of a public monument or building, it does not necessarily mean that he is really so very angry about it. On the contrary, it may well be that he is proud of belonging to a Nation which can bravely bear such expenditure45.
Under the Avenida de Mayo is the “tube” which runs from the Once station (which is situate on the western side of the town and is the terminus of the Buenos Aires Western Railway) to the Docks. The Once marks the point of departure of the first six miles of Railway built on the River Plate.
The new-comer will at once notice that the City of Buenos Aires is laid out on the chessboard pattern with its streets running North and South and East and West, a variation of the pattern being now introduced by the new diagonal avenues converging46 towards the Plaza Victoria, in course of construction.
Along almost every street, except Calle Florida, the Avenida de Mayo, and the diagonal avenues, runs a tramline on which the cars all go in one direction in one street and in[84] the contrary direction in the next and so on. Ten cents is the fare for a single journey anywhere within the length or breadth of the Federal Capital, but one cannot take tickets entitling one to any change of car; and for that one must buy another ten cents ticket.
This matter of change of car may have been overlooked by the Municipality when the concession47 was granted to the Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company, of which concession the universal 10 cent fare was a sine qua non condition; perhaps, on the other hand, the Company stuck out on that point. Anyhow, if one wishes to get full value for his 10 cents on a Buenos Aires tramline he must stick to the car in which he has begun his ride. By doing so, he can often take a long round trip and come back to his point of departure. This observation also applies to the Tramways in Montevideo, but there, with due knowledge and careful selection, one can practically get all over the place, without changing; owing to the more erratic48 routes taken by the lines.
For a variety of reasons, the Buenos Aires Tramway system is considered by authorities on such matters to be the best in the world. It is mostly in the hands of the Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company.
Another company is the Lacroze, a private company largely interested also in the Buenos Aires Central Railway. Its trams run through the Capital and to the Western suburban49 districts.
A third company runs trams out of the Capital to the Southern Suburban districts.
It may here be said that a good supply of taxi-cabs is to be found both in Montevideo and Buenos Aires.
One advantage, suggested by the mention of taxi-cabs, of visiting Montevideo before Buenos Aires, is that that way one feels richer after the journey between the two than one would if the itinerary50 had been reversed.
THE AVENIDA DE MAYO, BUENOS AIRES
Living is not cheap in Buenos Aires, but its cost is a relief[85] after a sojourn51 in the Uruguayan Capital; though expense there is again as nothing if one has experienced that of Rio de Janeiro, the dearest place, probably, in the whole world, and the one in which, scenery apart, one gets as little satisfaction for one’s money as anywhere.
In Montevideo one has, it is true, plenty of satisfaction of a quiet, pleasant kind, but those (actually, although founded on a firm gold basis) paper dollars—only four of them and 70 cents worth of mixed change for a British Sovereign—melt quickly into inappreciable small silver and nickel; none of which seems to be worth much, though a 50-cent bit is really worth more than a British florin. For exchange purposes that is; in its native land its purchasing power is strikingly small. After Montevideo, there is some satisfaction about the feel of the bundle of Argentine paper dollars one gets for one’s Uruguayan money. And in Buenos Aires several quite useful things can be got for $1, National (paper) money. Although the purchasing power of this last (its exchange value is 1s. 8?d.) is not that of one shilling in England.
In neither country does one often see an actual gold coin, in Argentina practically never in ordinary everyday life; most of the gold against which the current paper is issued going, as will be seen in the Chapter on Finance and Commerce, into the “Conversion” strong rooms and staying there.
The passion for amusement must indeed be overpowering in anyone who is not satisfied with what Buenos Aires provides of all kinds in that regard. Two Opera Houses, the older one, stately and comfortable in its interior arrangements, and the new Municipal Opera House, the Colon52 Theatre, gorgeous in velvet53 and marble; and powdered, gold-mace bearing lackeys54 to bow one in at its wide portals.
Great is the rivalry55 between these two houses to secure the best stars and companies; and between them they certainly get the best that Europe can provide. In some[86] cases they have anticipated Europe, notably56 in the instances of Caruso and Maria Gay, both of whom appeared in Buenos Aires before Europe had even heard of them. One feature is common to the policy of both Opera Houses, viz., a scale of charges for admission so high that it is impossible for anyone who wishes to be considered somebody not to have his or her box at one or both of them for the season.
After the Opera House comes, in degree of prestige, perhaps, the Odeon Theatre; most frequently devoted57 to the representation of classic or serious drama. After it come many theatres; the finest among them being the Coliseo in which good companies, chiefly Italian, give first-rate performances of every kind from Grand Guignol to Light Opera. After these, again, come the purely58 Argentine Theatres; in which drama and comedy faithfully reflecting the true native life are performed.
Such performances should not be missed (as they too often are because they are not fashionable in a country where fashion’s favour is almost exclusively bestowed59 on imported wares) by anyone having sufficient Argentine Spanish to appreciate the purport60 and point of their dialogue; which, in true Argentine fashion, includes a liberal use of words and phrases capable of double meanings.
Brilliantly lighted, sumptuously61 panelled and upholstered cafés with tables spreading over the pavement outside them, tend to keep life in Buenos Aires awake till the wee sma’ hours begin to grow large.
“See Naples and die” runs the Neapolitan saying. “See Buenos Aires and stop there as long as you can” is likely to prove acceptable advice to anyone with a taste for easy gaiety and with a disposition62 for not doing to-day anything of an irksome or disagreeable nature which can possibly be put off till the morrow. Much native encouragement will be afforded him to postpone63 it till the Greek Kalends; and then to change his mind about doing it at all.
THE CATHEDRAL AND PLAZA VICTORIA, BUENOS AIRES
Till the morrow’s sun shines, that is. Then he will see the[87] City, which overnight he may have thought wholly absorbed by pleasure-seeking, transformed into a quick-moving, alert commercial centre. Surely the Argentine when in Buenos Aires burns his candle at both ends. The well-to-do have, however, their Estancias on which to vary town life with mentally restful, if often physically64 laborious65, days spent in superintending their agricultural interests.
Fine-looking new buildings are ever springing up in Buenos Aires with such surprising suddenness and rapidity as to render any description of the chief edifices66 of that city out of date almost before it can get into print. Even the palatial home of the Jockey Club, renowned67 as the most splendidly luxurious Club House in the world, is soon to be abandoned by its members for another more gorgeously wonderful still.
One leaves the City for a few weeks in the Camp wondering what the former will look like on one’s return.
That is one did, until very recently. Just now, the War has called a temporary halt in the commencement of many projected building operations.
One cannot, however, leave Buenos Aires without mention of the beautiful, park-like suburb of Palermo; with the broad Avenida de Alvear leading from the northern part of the City to it. It may here be observed that fashion has not travelled westward68 in Buenos Aires; the Northern parts of the City being the most fashionable and adorned69 with the most palatial new dwellings70.
A wide palm-bordered avenue leads to others winding71 round grassy72 spaces in which backwaters of the Tigre River glint under overhanging trees; amid all of which is a great restaurant, after the fashion of those in the Parisian Bois de Boulogne.
That restaurant is, to the author’s mind, the one great tawdry blot73 on the picture; but it is only fair to add that every afternoon and evening, during a long season, it is crowded with gaily dressed people who all seem happy and[88] vociferously74 contented75 with the refreshments76 and music it provides.
The Palermo Avenue is the fashionable drive, the Corso of the élite of Buenos Aires Society; and also of others desirous of attracting attention to their equipages and themselves. Everyone the aspirant78 to social distinction ought—and ought not—to know is to be seen at Palermo on a fine late afternoon or evening in Spring. In Summer most of them are, naturally, at Mar-del-Plata.
Adjoining the Park is the Palermo race-course, over which the Jockey Club rules absolute. It should be added that the Buenos Aires Jockey Club is not only an association of racing79 men, but is in reality the hub of social intercourse80 in Buenos Aires.
Its large and small dining-rooms are available to members, and even to very distinguished81 strangers, for private dinners; which are exquisitely82 cooked and served by the numerous and highly expert staff of the Club.
In fact the Jockey Club is a very influential83 body indeed; quite apart from racing matters.
There can be no manner of doubt that the gambling84 element in racing is far too popular in Buenos Aires. There is a race meeting on every day in the week, Sundays, of course, included, during a season which lasts nearly all the year round. And these meetings are thronged85 by youths and other people who most certainly should be, and would much better be, at work.
Whatever may be thought of the system of weekly National Lotteries86 (these are at least carried on with unimpeachable87 fairness and 10% of the amounts subscribed88 to them, in payment for tickets, goes, after paying working expenses, printing, etc., to charity) the totalizer appeals far too sympathetically to the Latin-American natural love of gambling; and that love, as always in a new country where so many fortunes seem to have had their origin in luck, has developed dangerously on the right bank of the River Plate.
[89]
Close also to Palermo Park is the scene of the annual Agricultural and Live Stock Show; now a world-renowned Exhibition of as fine cattle and sheep as can be seen anywhere. Horses and Poultry89 also are splendidly represented at this show; which is perhaps the greatest event in the Argentine Calendar.
Further out from the city, past and beyond Palermo, is Hurlingham; an ever-enlarging group of English red-brick villas90 inhabited for the most part by English people. These villas surround the ample grounds of the Hurlingham Club, where polo and riding and driving competitions, etc., follow the lines of its English prototype. The Club house is comfortable, the food good, and a huge swimming bath is among its many undoubted attractions. It also has a drag hunt.
Further out again are beautiful reaches of the Tigre River, famous for boating; and on which an annual regatta, the Henley of South America, is held.
The Avenida de Alvear, above referred to, runs through the most fashionable residential91 quarter of Buenos Aires, a quarter filled with veritable huge palaces which with their gardens surround the Recoleta, the fashionable cemetery92. A strange city of the dead in which the coffins93 are seen on shelves contained in small plate-glass fronted temples, so that all may view the last outward casings of generations.
On “The Day of the Dead” (All Saints’ Day) the Recoleta is a blaze of beautiful wreaths and floral tributes; afterwards too often replaced, alas94, by ugly contrivances in porcelain95 or, worse still, enamelled iron.
Returning to Buenos Aires proper one must not, cannot, forget Calle Florida, “The Bond Street of the South.” So called because in it are situate most of the finest shops in South America for the sale of what are sometimes officially described as articles of luxury; wearing apparel of the best and costliest96, for both sexes, jewellery, stationery97, etc. It is, in fact, to Buenos Aires all Bond Street once was, and old Bond Street to some extent still is, to London.
[90]
Needless, almost, to say, Florida deals exclusively in imported goods and a very great majority of its shopkeepers are foreigners; among whom the purveyors of “Modes,” “Robes” and “Lingerie” are, naturally, mostly French.
No vehicular traffic whatever is now allowed in Calle Florida between certain hours of the afternoon; in order not to incommode the throngs98 of fashionable shoppers with whom it is usually crowded. It is the only street in which Argentine ladies of high degree are to be seen on foot. In bygone and less crowded times it was the scene of the afternoon Corso; when play was made with fans and gallants ogled99 from the edges of the pavement.
There is at present still a lack of Hotel accommodation suitable for Europeans of moderate means. There are great numbers of Hotels in Buenos Aires, but the good ones are very expensive while the cheaper ones are not very good. That is to say, one must have got accustomed to the South American haphazard100 fashion of service and general arrangements before being able to regard the latter as in any way comfortable. Montevideo is still worse off; having few Hotels which can be regarded as good (though there are one or two), while prices, as in everything else, run higher than in Buenos Aires.
A word must be said in defence of the latter City against a prevailing101 impression, created, goodness knows how, of its intense immorality102. This charge simply is not true. Buenos Aires is no more immoral103 than and certainly not as vicious as are most European Capitals.
True, it is not in South American human nature to be puritanical104 but the lower classes in Argentina and Uruguay are but non-moral, to use a somewhat fashionable term, with the non-morality of grown-up children, which they are. They have not the faintest idea of the vice24 which abounds in the great cities of the Northern Hemisphere. Montevideo is more staid than cosmopolitan105 Buenos Aires; even at Carnival time the former City seems to take its merrymaking[91] seriously. Any real vice which can be found in either Capital is an imported article.
If among the lower classes of both countries the whole advantages of the marriage ceremony seem not to be duly appreciated, this is due, in the vast majority of cases, to motives106 of economy. A religious marriage service is a costly107 item in the equipment of a young couple, and a purely civil ceremony is even less favourably108 looked on by neighbours than a postponement109 of any ceremony at all. Later, such couples usually do marry with due pomp and circumstance, including the invitation of all and sundry110 to the humble wedding feast. After that, all is in order in the case of the death of the husband and father; for marriage legitimatizes previously111 born children. Indeed, the writer was once present at a fiesta in a rural district, not forty minutes’ run by train from the City of Buenos Aires, organized to honour the occasion of the visit of a Priest who in a very short space of time married the parents and christened a whole batch112 of their children.
An old custom still chiefly prevailing among the humbler classes, both urban and rural, is one which may be called the “waking” of the dead. The news of a bereavement113 spreads quickly among neighbours; who do not wait to be invited but arrive, in groups organized extemporaneously114 by themselves, at the house of mourning. There, one of such groups succeeds another, and so on throughout the night after a death; sitting silently and only moving to partake of the necessary refreshment77 provided in view of their sure coming.
As in most other countries where modernity has not yet suppressed all local colour with its neutral tints115, the lower classes in both Argentina and Uruguay are much the most interesting. The free-and-easy Bohemian sort of life in a conventillo[16] is curious. In each of its many rooms lives a family, while the court is common to all for cooking (a[92] charcoal116 brazier usually stands at the side of each door), washing of clothes and, last but not least, the discussion of mate and gossip. All sorts of people dwell in a single conventillo, artisans, hawkers, washerwomen, milliners, factory hands, poor employees, etc. etc., and all group themselves in the common courtyard of an evening when work is done, frequently to the music of a guitar.
The upper classes, on the other hand, strive chiefly to reflect the latest moods of European fashion in general and of that of Paris in particular—even, since the War, to the extent of making retrenchment117 in living expenses the fashion. A fashion which, if it last, will not be the least of the good which has come to Argentina from the European upheaval118 which has forced the River Plate countries to learn to rely on their own resources and individual efforts. Gone, already, are the battalions119 of motor-cars of very latest pattern with which every wealthy Argentine family has hitherto thought it necessary to its dignity to be provided—one each for father, mother and each son and daughter—economy is now “De Moda” and ostentation120 therefore become old-fashioned and bad taste. An immense change to have taken place, as it did, in the course of only a few months.
Montevideo had no need of such a volte face of habit. Uruguayans never developed the love of display so characteristic of Argentine aristocracy.
With its some 1? million inhabitants, Buenos Aires has the largest population of any Capital City in America. Montevideo, with some 400,000 inhabitants, surpasses Washington in this respect.
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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plaza
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| n.广场，市场 | |
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embodied
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| v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 )；象征；包括；包含 | |
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palatial
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| adj.宫殿般的，宏伟的 | |
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hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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abounds
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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juts
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| v.（使）突出( jut的第三人称单数 )；伸出；（从…）突出；高出 | |
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estuary
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| n.河口，江口 | |
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merges
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| （使）混合( merge的第三人称单数 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中 | |
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stifling
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| a.令人窒息的 | |
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realization
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| n.实现；认识到，深刻了解 | |
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promenades
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| n.人行道( promenade的名词复数 )；散步场所；闲逛v.兜风( promenade的第三人称单数 ) | |
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gaily
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| adv.欢乐地，高兴地 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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rheumatism
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malady
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lures
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| 吸引力，魅力（lure的复数形式） | |
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carnival
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| n.嘉年华会，狂欢，狂欢节，巡回表演 | |
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entirely
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moribund
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strictly
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luxurious
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vice
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insufficient
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influx
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amassed
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embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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frugal
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| adj.节俭的，节约的，少量的，微量的 | |
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vessel
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specially
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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astuteness
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commendable
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tenant
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lessee
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expiration
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| n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物 | |
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38
stipulated
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| vt.& vi.规定；约定adj.[法]合同规定的 | |
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39
embarking
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| 乘船( embark的现在分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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40
edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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41
costliness
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| 昂贵的 | |
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42
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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43
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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44
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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45
expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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46
converging
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| adj.收敛[缩]的，会聚的，趋同的v.（线条、运动的物体等）会于一点( converge的现在分词 )；（趋于）相似或相同；人或车辆汇集；聚集 | |
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47
concession
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| n.让步，妥协；特许(权) | |
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48
erratic
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| adj.古怪的，反复无常的，不稳定的 | |
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49
suburban
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| adj.城郊的，在郊区的 | |
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50
itinerary
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| n.行程表，旅行路线；旅行计划 | |
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51
sojourn
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| v./n.旅居，寄居；逗留 | |
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52
colon
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| n.冒号，结肠，直肠 | |
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53
velvet
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| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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54
lackeys
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| n.听差( lackey的名词复数 )；男仆（通常穿制服）；卑躬屈膝的人；被待为奴仆的人 | |
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55
rivalry
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| n.竞争，竞赛，对抗 | |
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56
notably
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| adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地 | |
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57
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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58
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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59
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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purport
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| n.意义，要旨，大要；v.意味著，做为...要旨，要领是... | |
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61
sumptuously
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| 奢侈地，豪华地 | |
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62
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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postpone
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| v.延期，推迟 | |
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64
physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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65
laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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66
edifices
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| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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67
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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68
westward
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| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
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adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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71
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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grassy
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| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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73
blot
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| vt.弄脏（用吸墨纸）吸干；n.污点，污渍 | |
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vociferously
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| adv.喊叫地，吵闹地 | |
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75
contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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refreshments
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| n.点心,便餐;(会议后的)简单茶点招 待 | |
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refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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aspirant
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| n.热望者；adj.渴望的 | |
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79
racing
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| n.竞赛，赛马；adj.竞赛用的，赛马用的 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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81
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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82
exquisitely
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| adv.精致地；强烈地；剧烈地；异常地 | |
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83
influential
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| adj.有影响的，有权势的 | |
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84
gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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85
thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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86
lotteries
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| n.抽彩给奖法( lottery的名词复数 )；碰运气的事；彩票；彩券 | |
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87
unimpeachable
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| adj.无可指责的；adv.无可怀疑地 | |
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88
subscribed
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| v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；签署，题词；订阅；同意 | |
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89
poultry
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| n.家禽，禽肉 | |
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villas
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| 别墅，公馆( villa的名词复数 )； （城郊）住宅 | |
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91
residential
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| adj.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的 | |
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92
cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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93
coffins
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| n.棺材( coffin的名词复数 )；使某人早亡[死，完蛋，垮台等]之物 | |
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94
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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95
porcelain
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| n.瓷；adj.瓷的，瓷制的 | |
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96
costliest
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| adj.昂贵的( costly的最高级 )；代价高的；引起困难的；造成损失的 | |
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97
stationery
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| n.文具；(配套的)信笺信封 | |
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98
throngs
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| n.人群( throng的名词复数 )v.成群，挤满( throng的第三人称单数 ) | |
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99
ogled
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| v.（向…）抛媚眼，送秋波( ogle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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100
haphazard
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| adj.无计划的，随意的，杂乱无章的 | |
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101
prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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102
immorality
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| n. 不道德, 无道义 | |
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103
immoral
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| adj.不道德的，淫荡的，荒淫的，有伤风化的 | |
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104
puritanical
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| adj.极端拘谨的；道德严格的 | |
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105
cosmopolitan
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| adj.世界性的，全世界的，四海为家的，全球的 | |
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106
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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107
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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108
favourably
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| adv. 善意地，赞成地 =favorably | |
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109
postponement
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| n.推迟 | |
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110
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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111
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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112
batch
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| n.一批(组，群)；一批生产量 | |
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113
bereavement
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| n.亲人丧亡，丧失亲人，丧亲之痛 | |
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114
extemporaneously
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115
tints
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| 色彩( tint的名词复数 )； 带白的颜色； （淡色）染发剂； 痕迹 | |
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116
charcoal
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| n.炭，木炭，生物炭 | |
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117
retrenchment
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| n.节省，删除 | |
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118
upheaval
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| n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，动乱 | |
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119
battalions
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| n.（陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）( battalion的名词复数 )；协同作战的部队；军队；（组织在一起工作的）队伍 | |
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120
ostentation
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| n.夸耀，卖弄 | |
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