After his banishment Camo?ns obtained permission to join the forces directed against the Moors12, and shortly after lost an eye in an engagement in the Strait of Gibraltar. Although he distinguished13 himself as a warrior14, Camo?ns did not even then neglect the muse15, for he reports he wielded16 the pen with one hand and the sword with the other.
After this campaign Camo?ns returned to court, but, incensed17 by the treatment he received at the hands of jealous courtiers, he soon vowed18 his ungrateful country should not even possess his bones, and sailed for India, in 1553, in a fleet of four vessels19, only one of which was to arrive at its destination, Goa.
While in India Camo?ns sided with one of the native kings, whose wrath21 he excited by imprudently revealing his political tendencies. He was, therefore, exiled to Macao, where for five years he served as "administrator23 of the effects of deceased persons," and managed to amass24 a considerable fortune while continuing his epic. It was on his way back to Goa that Camo?ns suffered shipwreck25, and lost all he possessed26, except his poem, with which he swam ashore27.
Sixteen years after his departure from Lisbon, Camo?ns returned to his native city, bringing nothing save his completed epic, which, owing to the pestilence28 then raging in Europe, could be published only in 1572. Even then the Lusiad attracted little attention, and won for him only a small royal pension, which, however, the next king rescinded29. Thus, poor Camo?ns, being sixty-two years old, died in an almshouse, having been partly supported since his return by a Javanese servant, who begged for his master in the streets of Lisbon.
Camo?ns' poem Os Lusiades, or the Lusitanians (i.e., Portuguese), comprises ten books, containing 1102 stanzas30 in heroic iambics, and is replete31 with mythological32 allusions33. Its outline is as follows:
Book I. After invoking34 the muses35 and making a ceremonious address to King Sebastian, the poet describes how Jupiter, having assembled the gods on Mount Olympus, directs their glances upon Vasco da Gama's ships plying36 the waves of an unknown sea, and announces to them that the Portuguese, who have already made such notable maritime37 discoveries, are about to achieve the conquest of India.
Bacchus, who has long been master of this land, thereupon wrathfully vows38 Portugal shall not rob him of his domain39, while Venus and Mars implore40 Jupiter to favor the Lusitanians, whom they consider descendants of the Romans. The king of the gods is so ready to grant this prayer, that he immediately despatches Mercury to guide the voyagers safely to Madagascar. Here the Portuguese, mistaken for Moors on account of their swarthy complexions41, are at first made welcome. But when the islanders discover the strangers are Christians43, they determine to annihilate44 them if possible. So, instigated45 by one of their priests,—Bacchus in disguise,—the islanders attack the Portuguese when they next land to get water. Seeing his men in danger, Da Gama discharges his artillery46, and the terrified natives fall upon their knees and not only beg for mercy, but offer to provide him with a pilot capable of guiding him safely to India.
This offer is accepted by Da Gama, who does not suspect this pilot has instructions to take him to Quiloa, where all Christians are slain47. To delude48 the unsuspecting Portuguese navigator into that port, the pilot avers49 the Quiloans are Christians; but all his evil plans miscarry, thanks to the interference of Mars and Venus, who by contrary winds hinder the vessels from entering this port.
Book II. The traitor50 pilot now steers51 toward Momba?a, where meanwhile Bacchus has been plotting to secure the death of the Portuguese. But here Venus and her nymphs block the entrance of the harbor with huge rocks, and the pilot, realizing the Christians are receiving supernatural aid, jumps overboard and is drowned!
Venus, having thus twice rescued her protégés from imminent52 death, now visits Olympus, and by the exercise of all her conquettish wiles53 obtains from Jupiter a promise to favor the Portuguese. In accordance with this pledge, Mercury himself is despatched to guide the fleet safely to Melinda, whose harbor the Portuguese finally enter, decked with flags and accompanied by triumphant54 music.
Now Gama's bands the quiv'ring trumpet55 blow,
Thick o'er the wave the crowding barges56 row,
The Moorish58 flags the curling waters sweep,
The Lusian mortars59 thunder o'er the deep;
Again the fiery60 roar heaven's concave tears,
The Moors astonished stop their wounded ears;
Again loud thunders rattle61 o'er the bay,
And clouds of smoke wide-rolling blot62 the day;
The captain's barge57 the gen'rous king ascends63,
His arms the chief enfold, the captain bends
(A rev'rence to the scepter'd grandeur64 due):
In silent awe65 the monarch66's wond'ring view
Is fix'd on Vasco's noble mien67; the while
His thoughts with wonder weigh the hero's toil68.
Esteem69 and friendship with his wonder rise,
And free to Gama all his kingdom lies.[15]
Book III. As Vasco da Gama has solemnly vowed not to leave his ship until he can set foot upon Indian soil, he refuses to land at Melinda although cordially invited to do so by the native king. Seeing the foreign commander will not come ashore, the king visits the Portuguese vessel20, where he is sumptuously70 entertained and hears from Da Gama's own lips an enthusiastic outline of the history of Portugal. After touching71 upon events which occurred there in mythological ages, Vasco relates how Portugal, under Viriagus, resisted the Roman conquerors72, and what a long conflict his country later sustained against the Moors. He also explains by what means Portugal became an independent kingdom, and enthusiastically describes the patriotism of his countryman Egas Moniz, who, when his king was captured at the battle of Guimaraens, advised this prince to purchase his liberty by pledging himself to do homage73 to Castile. But, his master once free, Egas Moniz bade him retract74 this promise, saying that, since he and his family were pledged for its execution, they would rather lose their lives than see Portugal subjected to Castile.
"And now, O king," the kneeling Egas cries,
"Behold75 my perjured76 honor's sacrifice:
If such mean victims can atone77 thine ire,
Here let my wife, my babes, myself expire.
If gen'rous bosoms78 such revenge can take,
Here let them perish for the father's sake:
The guilty tongue, the guilty hands are these,
Nor let a common death thy wrath appease79;
For us let all the rage of torture burn,
But to my prince, thy son, in friendship turn."
Touched by the patriotism and devotion of Moniz, the foe80 not only spared his life, but showered favors upon him and even allowed him to go home.
The king, thus saved from vassalage81 by the devotion of Moniz, is considered the first independent ruler of Portugal. Shortly after this occurrence, he defeated five Moorish rulers in the battle of Ourique, where the Portuguese claim he was favored with the appearance of a cross in the sky. Because of this miracle, the Portuguese monarch incorporated a cross on his shield, surrounding it with five coins, said to represent the five kings he defeated. Later on, being made a prisoner at Badajoz, he abdicated82 in favor of his son.
After proudly enumerating83 the heroic deeds of various Alphonsos and Sanchos of Portugal, Da Gama related the touching tale of Fair Inez de Castro (retold by Mrs. Hemans), to whom Don Pedro, although she was below him in station, was united by a secret marriage. For several years their happiness was unbroken and several children had been born to them before the king, Don Pedro's father, discovered this alliance. Taking advantage of a temporary absence of his son, Alphonso the Brave sent for Inez and her children and sentenced them all to death, although his daughter-in-law fell at his feet and implored84 him to have mercy upon her little ones, even if he would not spare her. The king, however, would not relent, and signalled to the courtiers to stab Inez and her children.
In tears she utter'd—as the frozen snow
Touch'd by the spring's mild ray, begins to flow,
So just began to melt his stubborn soul,
As mild-ray'd Pity o'er the tyrant85 stole;
But destiny forbade: with eager zeal86
(Again pretended for the public weal),
Her fierce accusers urg'd her speedy doom87;
Again dark rage diffus'd its horrid88 gloom
O'er stern Alonzo's brow: swift at the sign,
Their swords, unsheath'd, around her brandish'd shine.
O foul89 disgrace, of knighthood lasting90 stain,
By men of arms a helpless lady slain!
On returning home and discovering what his father had done, Don Pedro was ready to rebel, but was restrained from doing so by the intervention91 of the queen. But, on ascending92 the throne when his father died, Don Pedro had the body of his murdered wife lifted out of the grave, decked in regal apparel, seated on the throne beside him, and he compelled all the courtiers to do homage to her and kiss her dead hand, vowing93 as much honor should be shown her as if she had lived to be queen. This ceremony ended, the lady's corpse94 was laid in a tomb, over which her mourning husband erected95 a beautiful monument. Then, hearing his wife's slayers had taken refuge with Peter the Cruel, Don Pedro waged war fierce against this monarch until he surrendered the culprits, who, after being tortured, were put to death.
Vasco da Gama also related how another king, Fernando, stole fair Eleanora from her husband, and vainly tried to force the Portuguese to accept their illegitimate daughter Beatrice as his successor.
Book IV. Rather than accept as queen a lady who had married a Spanish prince,—who would probably unite their country with Spain,—the Portuguese fought the battle of Eljubarota in favor of Don John, and succeeded in dictating97 terms of peace to the Spanish at Seville. Some time after this the king of Portugal and his brother were captured by the Moors, and told they could recover their freedom only by surrendering Ceuta. Pretending acquiescence98, the king returned to Portugal, where, as he had settled with his brother, who remained as hostage with the Moors, he refused to surrender the city.
After describing the victories of Alfonso V., Vasco da Gama related how John II., thirteenth king of Portugal, first began to seek a maritime road to India, and how his successor, Emmanuel, was invited in a vision, by the gods of the Indus and Ganges, to come and conquer their country.
Here as the monarch fix'd his wond'ring eyes,
Two hoary99 fathers from the streams arise;
Their aspect rustic100, yet, a reverend grace
Appear'd majestic101 on their wrinkled face:
Their tawny102 beards uncomb'd, and sweepy long,
Adown their knees in shaggy ringlets hung;
From every lock the crystal drops distil103,
And bathe their limbs, as in a trickling104 rill;
Gay wreaths of flowers, of fruitage and of boughs105,
(Nameless in Europe), crown'd their furrow'd brows.
Book V. Such was the enthusiasm caused by this vision that many mariners106 dedicated107 their lives to the discovery of this road to India. Among these Gama modestly claims his rank, declaring that, when he called for volunteers to accompany him, more men than he could take were ready to follow him. [History reports, however, that, such was the terror inspired by a voyage in unknown seas, Vasco da Gama had to empty the prisons to secure a crew!] Then the narrator added he had—as was customary—taken ten prisoners with him, whose death sentence was to be commuted108 provided they faithfully carried out any difficult task he appointed.
After describing his parting with his father, Vasco da Gama relates how they sailed past Mauritania and Madeira, crossed the line, and losing sight of the polar star took the southern cross as their guide.
"O'er the wild waves, as southward thus we stray,
Our port unknown, unknown the wat'ry way,
Each night we see, impress'd with solemn awe,
Our guiding stars and native skies withdraw,
In the wide void we lose their cheering beams,
Lower and lower still the pole-star gleams.
* * * * *
"Another pole-star rises o'er the wave:
Full to the south a shining cross appears,
Our heaving breasts the blissful omen109 cheers:
Seven radiant stars compose the hallow'd sign
That rose still higher o'er the wavy110 brine."
A journey of five months, diversified111 by tempests, electrical phenomena112, and occasional landings, brought them to Cape113 of Tempests, which since Diaz had rounded it was called the Cape of Good Hope. While battling with the tempestuous114 seas of this region, Vasco da Gama beheld115, in the midst of sudden darkness, Adamastor, the Spirit of the Cape, who foretold116 all manner of dangers from which it would be difficult for them to escape.
"We saw a hideous117 phantom118 glare;
High and enormous o'er the flood he tower'd,
And 'thwart119 our way with sullen120 aspect lower'd:
An earthy paleness o'er his cheeks was spread,
Erect96 uprose his hairs of wither'd red;
Writhing121 to speak, his sable122 lips disclose,
Sharp and disjoin'd, his gnashing teeth's blue rows;
His haggard beard flow'd quiv'ring on the wind,
Revenge and horror in his mien combin'd;
His clouded front, by with'ring lightnings scar'd,
The inward anguish123 of his soul declar'd.
His red eyes, glowing from their dusky caves,
Shot livid fires: far echoing o'er the waves
His voice resounded124, as the cavern'd shore
With hollow groan125 repeats the tempest's roar."
The King of Melinda here interrupts Vasco da Gama's tale to explain he has often heard of that Adamastor, a Titan transformed into a rock but still possessing supernatural powers.
Resuming his narrative126, Da Gama next describes their landing to clean their foul ships, their sufferings from scurvy127, their treacherous128 welcome at Mozambic, their narrow escape at Quiloa and Momba?a, and ends his account with his joy at arriving at last at Melinda.
Book VI. In return for the hospitality enjoyed on board of the Portuguese ships, the king of Melinda supplies Da Gama with an able pilot, who, steering129 straight for India, brings the Portuguese safely to their goal, in spite of the fact that Bacchus induces Neptune130 to stir up sundry131 tempests to check them. But, the prayers of the Christian42 crew and the aid of Venus counteract132 Bacchus' spells, so Da Gama's fleet enters Calicut, in 1497, and the Lusitanians thus achieve the glory of discovering a maritime road to India!
Book VII. We now hear how a Moor11, Mon?aide, detained a prisoner in Calicut, serves as interpreter for Da Gama, explaining to him how this port is governed by the Zamorin, or monarch, and by his prime minister. The interpreter, at Da Gama's request, then procures133 an audience from the Zamorin for his new master.
Book VIII. The poet describes how on the way to the palace Da Gama passes a heathen temple, where he and his companions are shocked to behold countless134 idols135, but where they can but admire the wonderful carvings136 adorning137 the walls on three sides. In reply to their query138 why the fourth wall is bare, they learn it has been predicted India shall be conquered by strangers, whose doings are to be depicted139 on the fourth side of their temple.
After hearing Da Gama boast about his country, the Zamorin dismisses him, promising140 to consider a trade treaty with Portugal. But, during the next night, Bacchus, disguised as Mahomet, appears to the Moors in Calicut, and bids them inform the Zamorin that Da Gama is a pirate, whose rich goods he can secure if he will only follow their advice.
This suggestion, duly carried out, results in Da Gama's detention141 as a prisoner when he lands with his goods on the next day. But, although the prime minister fancies the Portuguese fleet will soon be in his power, Da Gama has prudently22 given orders that, should any hostile demonstration142 occur before his return, his men are to man the guns and threaten to bombard the town. When the Indian vessels therefore approach the Portuguese fleet, they are riddled143 with shot.
Book IX. Because the Portuguese next threaten to attack the town, the Zamorin promptly144 sends Da Gama back with a cargo145 of spices and gems146 and promises of fair treatment hereafter. The Portuguese thereupon sail home, taking with them the faithful Mon?aide, who is converted on the way and baptized as soon as they land at Lisbon.
Book X. On the homeward journey Venus, wishing to reward the brave Lusitanians for all their pains and indemnify them for their past hardships, leads them to her "Isle147 of Joy." Here she and her nymphs entertain them in the most acceptable mythological style, and a siren foretells148 in song all that will befall their native country between Vasco da Gama's journey and Camo?ns' time. Venus herself guides the navigator to the top of a hill, whence she vouchsafes149 him a panoramic150 view of all the kingdoms of the earth and of the spheres which compose the universe.
In this canto151 we also have a synopsis152 of the life of St. Thomas, the Apostle of India, and see the Portuguese sail happily off with the beauteous brides they have won in Venus' Isle of Joy. The return home is safely effected, and our bold sailors are welcomed in Lisbon with delirious153 joy, for their journey has crowned Portugal with glory. The poem concludes, as it began, with an apostrophe from the poet to the king.
The Lusiad is so smoothly154 written, so harmonious155, and so full of similes156 that ever since Camo?ns' day it has served as a model for Portuguese poetry and is even yet an accepted and highly prized classic in Portuguese Literature.
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1
Portuguese
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| n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 | |
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epic
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| n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的 | |
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warship
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| n.军舰，战舰 | |
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infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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7
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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patriotic
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| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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11
moor
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| n.荒野，沼泽；vt.(使)停泊；vi.停泊 | |
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moors
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| v.停泊，系泊（船只）( moor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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wielded
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| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的过去式和过去分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
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incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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vowed
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| 起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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prudently
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| adv. 谨慎地，慎重地 | |
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administrator
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| n.经营管理者，行政官员 | |
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amass
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| vt.积累，积聚 | |
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shipwreck
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| n.船舶失事，海难 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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pestilence
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| n.瘟疫 | |
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rescinded
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| v.废除，取消( rescind的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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stanzas
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| 节，段( stanza的名词复数 ) | |
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replete
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| adj.饱满的，塞满的；n.贮蜜蚁 | |
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mythological
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| adj.神话的 | |
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allusions
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| 暗指，间接提到( allusion的名词复数 ) | |
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invoking
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| v.援引( invoke的现在分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求 | |
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muses
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的第三人称单数 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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plying
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的现在分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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maritime
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| adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的 | |
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vows
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| 誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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implore
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| vt.乞求，恳求，哀求 | |
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complexions
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| 肤色( complexion的名词复数 )； 面色； 局面； 性质 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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annihilate
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| v.使无效；毁灭；取消 | |
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instigated
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| v.使（某事物）开始或发生，鼓动( instigate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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delude
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| vt.欺骗；哄骗 | |
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avers
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| v.断言( aver的第三人称单数 )；证实；证明…属实；作为事实提出 | |
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traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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steers
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| n.阉公牛，肉用公牛( steer的名词复数 )v.驾驶( steer的第三人称单数 )；操纵；控制；引导 | |
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imminent
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| adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的 | |
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wiles
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| n.（旨在欺骗或吸引人的）诡计，花招；欺骗，欺诈( wile的名词复数 ) | |
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triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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barges
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| 驳船( barge的名词复数 ) | |
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barge
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| n.平底载货船，驳船 | |
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moorish
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| adj.沼地的，荒野的，生[住]在沼地的 | |
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mortars
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| n.迫击炮( mortar的名词复数 )；砂浆；房产；研钵 | |
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fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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61
rattle
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| v.飞奔，碰响；激怒；n.碰撞声；拨浪鼓 | |
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62
blot
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| vt.弄脏（用吸墨纸）吸干；n.污点，污渍 | |
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63
ascends
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的第三人称单数 ) | |
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64
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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65
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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66
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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67
mien
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| n.风采；态度 | |
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68
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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69
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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70
sumptuously
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| 奢侈地，豪华地 | |
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71
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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72
conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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73
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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74
retract
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| vt.缩回，撤回收回，取消 | |
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75
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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76
perjured
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| adj.伪证的，犯伪证罪的v.发假誓，作伪证( perjure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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77
atone
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| v.赎罪，补偿 | |
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78
bosoms
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| 胸部( bosom的名词复数 )； 胸怀； 女衣胸部（或胸襟）； 和爱护自己的人在一起的情形 | |
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79
appease
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| v.安抚，缓和，平息，满足 | |
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80
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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81
vassalage
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| n.家臣身份，隶属 | |
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82
abdicated
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| 放弃（职责、权力等）( abdicate的过去式和过去分词 )； 退位，逊位 | |
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83
enumerating
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| v.列举，枚举，数( enumerate的现在分词 ) | |
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84
implored
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| 恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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85
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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86
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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87
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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88
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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89
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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90
lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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91
intervention
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| n.介入，干涉，干预 | |
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92
ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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93
vowing
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| 起誓，发誓（vow的现在分词形式） | |
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94
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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95
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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96
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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97
dictating
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的现在分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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98
acquiescence
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| n.默许；顺从 | |
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99
hoary
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| adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的 | |
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100
rustic
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| adj.乡村的，有乡村特色的；n.乡下人，乡巴佬 | |
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101
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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102
tawny
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| adj.茶色的，黄褐色的；n.黄褐色 | |
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103
distil
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| vt.蒸馏；提取…的精华，精选出 | |
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104
trickling
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| n.油画底色含油太多而成泡沫状突起v.滴( trickle的现在分词 )；淌；使)慢慢走；缓慢移动 | |
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105
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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106
mariners
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| 海员，水手（mariner的复数形式） | |
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107
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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108
commuted
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| 通勤( commute的过去式和过去分词 )； 减（刑）； 代偿 | |
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109
omen
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| n.征兆，预兆；vt.预示 | |
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110
wavy
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| adj.有波浪的，多浪的，波浪状的，波动的，不稳定的 | |
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111
diversified
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| adj.多样化的，多种经营的v.使多样化，多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 )；进入新的商业领域 | |
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112
phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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113
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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114
tempestuous
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| adj.狂暴的 | |
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115
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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116
foretold
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| v.预言，预示( foretell的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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117
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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118
phantom
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| n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的 | |
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119
thwart
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| v.阻挠，妨碍，反对；adj.横(断的) | |
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120
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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121
writhing
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| （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚( writhe的现在分词 ) | |
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122
sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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123
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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124
resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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125
groan
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| vi./n.呻吟，抱怨；(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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126
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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127
scurvy
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| adj.下流的，卑鄙的，无礼的；n.坏血病 | |
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128
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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129
steering
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| n.操舵装置 | |
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130
Neptune
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| n.海王星 | |
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131
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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132
counteract
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| vt.对…起反作用，对抗，抵消 | |
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133
procures
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的第三人称单数 )；拉皮条 | |
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134
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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135
idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
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136
carvings
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| n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 )；雕刻术；雕刻品；雕刻物 | |
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137
adorning
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| 修饰，装饰物 | |
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138
query
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| n.疑问，问号，质问；vt.询问，表示怀疑 | |
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139
depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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140
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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141
detention
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| n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下 | |
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142
demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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143
riddled
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| adj.布满的；充斥的；泛滥的v.解谜，出谜题(riddle的过去分词形式) | |
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144
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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145
cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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146
gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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147
isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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148
foretells
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| v.预言，预示( foretell的第三人称单数 ) | |
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149
vouchsafes
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| v.给予，赐予( vouchsafe的第三人称单数 )；允诺 | |
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150
panoramic
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| adj. 全景的 | |
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151
canto
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| n.长篇诗的章 | |
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152
synopsis
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| n.提要，梗概 | |
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153
delirious
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| adj.不省人事的，神智昏迷的 | |
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154
smoothly
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| adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地 | |
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155
harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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156
similes
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| （使用like或as等词语的）明喻( simile的名词复数 ) | |
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