A more distinct indication of horse-racing occurs in Fitz-Stephen’s description of London, where we learn how, in Henry II.’s reign8, horses were exposed for sale in Smithfield, when, to prove their excellence9, they were usually matched against each other. In the reign of Richard I. horse-racing would seem to have been a common diversion during the Easter and Whitsuntide holi{205}days, as in the old metrical romance of Sir Bevis of Southampton, it is thus alluded11 to:—
“In somer time, at Whitsontyde,
When knights12 most on horsebacke ryde;
A cours let they make on a daye,
Steedes and palfraye, for to assaye;
Which horse that best may ren,
Three myles the cours was then,
Who that might ryde him shoulde,
Have forty pounds of redy gold.”
In the register of the royal expenditure13 of King John running-horses are frequently mentioned—this monarch having been a renowned14 sportsman, although there is no evidence to show that he used his running-horses otherwise than in the sports of the field. Edward II. was a breeder of horses, and the word “courser,” which is made use of in the Issue Roll of 37 Edward III., would seem to indicate the race-horse: “To William de Manton, keeper of the King’s wardrobe, by the hands of Thomas Spigurnell, keeper of the King’s great horses, in discharge of ￡119, 6s. 8d., paid to the same Thomas for the purchase of divers10 horses from the executors of the will of John, late Bishop15 of Lincoln, viz., one free sorrel courser, price 20 marks; one courser spotted16 with white, price 20 marks; one courser of a roan colour, from Pappenworth, price 20 marks; one roan-coloured courser, from Tolney, price 20 marks; one brown bay courser, price 25 marks; one roan courser, from Cranbourn, price ￡10, 13s. 4d.; one brown bay courser, price ￡11.”[91] {206}
Henry VIII. was a lover of horses, and it would seem that he obliged men of position to keep a certain number of them. Thus “archbishops, and every duke were enjoined17 in this reign to keep seven trotting18 stone horses of fourteen hands in height for the saddle. Clergymen, also, who possessed19 a benefice of ￡100 per annum, or laymen20 whose wives wore French hoods21, or a bonnet22 of velvet23, were ordered to keep one trotting stone horse under a penalty of twenty pounds.”[92] And Henry VIII. no doubt did his best to improve the breed of horses, for he imported some from Turkey, Naples, Spain, and Flanders. During Queen Elizabeth’s reign horse-racing was in considerable vogue, although it was not much patronised by her Majesty24, otherwise races would undoubtedly25 have formed a part of the pastimes at Kenilworth.
But it is to James I. that horse-racing is principally indebted, for he not only patronised it, but made it a general and national amusement. To him is due the credit for attempting the improvement of the English racer by the crossing of foreign blood, which, although considered at the time a failure, has proved a success. For this purpose he purchased for ￡500—an enormous price in those days—an Arabian, which, according to the Duke of Newcastle, was of little value, having been easily beaten by our native horses.[93] It was in this reign that private matches between gentlemen—then{207} their own jockeys—became very common in England; and the first public race-meetings appear at Garterley, in Yorkshire; Croydon, in Surrey; and Theobald’s, on Enfield Chace; the prize being a golden bell.[94] Although he did not originate the races at Newmarket, yet the patronage26 he accorded them led to their being established permanently27 there. On the 26th February 1605, James visited Newmarket, where on that and the following day he knighted several gentlemen;[95] and the popularity of Newmarket was further enhanced by his building a house there which was long known as the “King’s House.”
In Nichol’s “Progresses of James I.” will be found some interesting particulars respecting this monarch’s interest in the turf; from which it appears that on Thursday, April 3, 1617, he was at Lincoln, where “was a great horse-race on the Heath for a cupp, where his Majesty was present, and stood on a scaffold the citie had caused to be set up, and withall caused the race a quarter of a mile long to be raled and corded with ropes and hoopes on both sides, whereby the people were kept out, and the horses that ronned were seen faire.” A few days later the King was at Durham, and from the same source we learn[96] how “he travelled from the Castle to Woodham Moor28 to a horse-race, which was run by the horses of William Salvin and Master Maddocks, for a gold{208} purse, which was intended to have been on the 8th of April, but on account of the King’s coming was put off till the 21st, which match the King saw.” And again, about two years after this, we are informed how on the 19th March 1619, “there was a horse-race at Newmarket, at which the King tarrying too long, in his return from Newmarket was forced to put in at an inn at Whichfordbridge by reason of his being indisposed, and came very late in the night to Royston.” Prince Henry had a strong attachment29 to racing as well as hunting, but he was cut off at an early age.
Charles I. was well inclined towards sports of this kind, but, owing to the unsettled nature of his reign, horse-racing seems to have fallen somewhat into abeyance30. In the early part of Charles’s reign, however, horse-races were held in several parts of the country, at some of which he was present; and that they were no uncommon31 occurrence at Epsom may be gathered from Clarendon’s “History of the Rebellion”: “Soon after the meeting which was held at Guildford, May 18, 1648, to address the two Houses of Parliament ... a meeting of the Royalists was held on Banstead Downs, under the pretence32 of a horse-race, and six hundred horses were collected and marched off to Reigate.” But we find Sir Edward Harwood lamenting33 the scarcity34 of able horses in the kingdom, “not more than two thousand being to be found equal to the like number of French horses,” for which he blames principally racing.
After the Restoration horse-racing was revived{209} and much encouraged by Charles II., who frequently honoured this pastime with his presence.[97] Thus, when at Windsor, he appointed races to be run in Datchet Mead35, as also at Newmarket, where his horses were entered in his own name, and where he rebuilt the decayed palace of his grandfather, James I. Another popular locality was Burford Downs—since known as Bibury race-course, so often frequented by George IV. when regent, and to which old Baskerville alludes36 in the subjoined doggerel—
“Next for the glory of the place,
Here has been rode many a race;
King Charles the Second I saw here,
But I’ve forgotten in what year;
The Duke of Monmouth here also,
Made his horse to sweat and blow;
Lovelace, Pembroke, and other gallants
Have been venturing here their talents;
And Nicholas Bainton, or black sloven37,
Got silver plate by labour and drudging.”
But Newmarket was Charles II.’s favourite racing centre, and at one time there might be seen on Newmarket Heath what was known as the “King’s Chair,” from which the King was wont38 to enjoy a view of the horses as they took their exercise. Charles often took members of the Court there with him, including many of the ladies belonging to it, conspicuous39 amongst whom was Nell Gwynn; and under October 21, 1671, Evelyn makes this entry: “I lodged40 this night at Newmarket, where I found the jolly blades racing, dancing, feasting, and revel{210}ling, more resembling a luxurious41 and abandoned rout42 than a Christian43 court.”
A journey to Newmarket, however, was not the short run of the present day, and Pepys, under March 8, 1669, tells us how the King set out for the races at a somewhat early hour: “To Whitehall, from whence the King and the Duke of York went by three in the morning, and had the misfortune to be overset with the Duke of York, the Duke of Monmouth, and the Prince Rupert, at the King’s Gate, in Holborne; and the King all dirty, but no hurt. How it came to pass I know not, but only it was dark, and the torches did not, they say, light the coach as they should do.” A few weeks after this mishap44, Pepys informs us that on the 26th April, “the King and Court went out of town to Newmarket this morning betimes, for a week.” And Evelyn, under the 9th and 10th October, 1671, makes this entry in his “Diary”: “I went after evening service to London, in order to take a journey of refreshment45 with Mr. Treasurer46, to Newmarket, where the King then was, in his coach with six brave horses, which we changed thrice, first at Bishop Stortford, and last at Chesterford; so, by night, we got to Newmarket, where Mr. Henry Jermain—nephew to the Earl of St. Alban’s—lodged me very civilly. We proceeded immediately to Court, the King and all the English gallants being there at their annual sports. Supped at the Lord Chamberlain’s; and the next day, after dinner, I was on the heath, where I saw the great match run between Woodcock and Flatfoot, belonging to the
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CHARLES II.
{211}
King, and to Mr. Elliot of the Bedchamber, many thousands being spectators; a more signal race had not been run for many years.”
On Thursday, March 22, 1683, Charles II. was burnt out when at Newmarket. It appears that about nine o’clock in the evening “a great fire broke out where the King, the Queen, and the Duke of York were residing in the King’s house, situate on the Cambridgeshire side of the town. The fire originated on the Suffolk side, but the other one being in danger, it was resolved that the King and his Court should that night come to Cambridge, and accordingly word came to the Vice-Chancellor about one of the clock on the Friday morning, who immediately gave orders for great St. Mary’s Bells to jangle, to give notice to the Towne, and candles, &c., to be in all places alight, and accordingly the bells did jangle, and candles in abundance in all parts of the public streets on both sides in their windows lighted, and the King and Court accordingly expected. But between two and three that morning, there came the Lord Grandison to the Dolphin and acquainted Mr. Mayor that his Majesty would go, or was gone, to Cheavely, and not come to Cambridge; but his Majesty did not stir from Newmarket, but continued there all night, and went away from thence not till Monday following, being the 26th March 1683.”[98] This fire which destroyed property to the value of ￡20,000, is said to have defeated the Rye House Plot, which is generally supposed to have meditated47 the death of Charles II. and his brother the Duke of York, at a{212} spot called Rye House, on the road to London from Newmarket, and which was to have been carried out eight days after the royal party thus unexpectedly left Newmarket for London. Evelyn has not omitted to mention this occurrence in his “Diary,” and under September 23, 1683, he writes: “There was this day a collection for rebuilding Newmarket, consumed by an accidental fire, which removing his Majesty thence sooner than was intended, put by the assassins, who were disappointed of their rendezvous48 and expectation by a wonderful Providence49. This made the King more earnest to render Winchester the seat of his autumnal field diversions for the future, designing a palace there where the ancient palace stood; infinitely50, indeed, preferable to Newmarket for prospects51, air, pleasure, and provisions. The surveyor has already begun the foundation for a palace, estimated to cost ￡35,000, and his Majesty is purchasing ground about it to make a park.” But Charles II. died in February 1685. It should be added that Charles II. was a breeder of race-horses, having imported mares from Barbary and other parts, selected by his Master of the Horse sent abroad for that purpose, and called Royal Mares, appearing as such in the Stud-book to this day. One of these mares was the dam of Dodsworth, bred by the King, and said to be the earliest race-horse we have on record, whose pedigree can be properly authenticated53.[99]
James II. was a horseman, but he did not reign{213} long enough over his people to enable them to judge of his inclinations55 respecting the pleasures of the turf. When he retired56 to France, however, he devoted57 himself to hunting, and had several first-rate English horses always in his stud. William III. and his Queen were patrons of racing, not only continuing the bounty58 of their predecessors59, but adding several plates to the former donations. In Queen Anne the turf found a warm supporter, her consort60, Prince George of Denmark, keeping a fine stud, the Curwen Bay Barb52 and the celebrated61 Darley Arabian appearing in this reign. It was Queen Anne who first started the Gold Cups in the north, and entered and ran her own horses for them. Thus, at York, in the year 1712, her Majesty’s grey gelding, Pepper, ran for the Royal Cup of ￡100; and in the following year another of her horses named Mustard, ran for the Royal Cup again, but neither was good enough to win his royal mistress a Gold Cup. She was destined62, however, at last, to win a triumph at York, though it was one of which she never was conscious, for on the very morning of which her brown horse, Star, won for her Majesty her first great victory on the turf, July 30, 1714, the Queen was seized with apoplexy, and remained in a state of insensibility until Sunday, August 1, when she died.
George I. was no racer, but he discontinued silver plates as prizes, and instituted the King’s Plates, as they have been since termed, being one hundred guineas paid in cash, an alteration63 which “probably the turf owes more to judicious64 advisers65 than to{214} his Majesty’s individual inclination54.”[100] George II. neither understood nor appreciated the attractions of horse-racing; but, to encourage the breed of horses, as well as to suppress low gambling66, he made some good regulations for the suppression of pony67 races, and running for any sum under fifty pounds.[101] And among the curiosities of Ascot records is the fact that on one occasion Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of George II., threw a bottle at a winner as it was coming in.
Although George III. was fond of hunting, and kept two packs of hounds, he was no great lover of the turf; his annual visit with his family to Ascot Heath being all the encouragement he gave the sport, if we except a plate of a hundred guineas to be run for by horses that had been regularly hunted with the royal hounds during the preceding winter.
But his son George IV. atoned68 for all the shortcomings of his predecessors in his love of racing, and in the interest he displayed in everything connected with it. It was in the year 1784 that as Prince of Wales he made his first appearance on the course as the owner of race-horses. For seven seasons he was an enthusiastic patron of the turf, amongst other successes winning the Derby in the year 1788 with Sir Thomas, until the year 1791 when the notorious Escape scandal caused him abruptly69 to sever4 his connection with racing—an unfortunate occurrence which was keenly regretted by every lover of sport throughout the kingdom.{215} It appears that on the 20th October 1791 a horse named Escape, the property of the Prince, ran in a race at Newmarket for which it was first favourite, but finished last. On the following day, with six to one betted against him, Escape won easily a race in which two of the horses which had distanced him on the previous day also ran. In both cases Sam Chifney had ridden Escape, and a rumour70 at once spread that with or without the connivance71 of his master he had “pulled” the horse for the first race, and had thereby72 netted several hundreds of pounds. The Jockey Club took the matter up, Sir Charles Bunbury and Messrs. Ralph Dutton and Thomas Panton being the stewards73 appointed to investigate the affair. The result of their inquiries74 was an acquittal of the Prince, but they were not satisfied with Chifney’s explanation, and Sir Charles Bunbury went so far as to say that, if Chifney were allowed to ride the Prince’s horses, no gentleman would start against him. But, to the honour of the Prince be it said, rather than sacrifice his servant he gave up his favourite amusement. At the same time, his Royal Highness told Chifney that he should not be likely to keep horses again, but he added, “If ever I do you shall train and manage them. You shall have your two hundred guineas a year just the same. I cannot give it you for your life; I can only give it for my own. You have been an honest and good servant to me.”
Early in the year 1792 the Prince’s stud was brought to the hammer; but, although he ceased to run horses of his own, he did not by any means{216} lose his zest75 for the sport, and continued largely to patronise and support country races. Thus, the well-known Tom Raikes in his diary has left us a graphic76 picture of Brighton on a race morning, when the Prince was in one of his best moods, and the ground was covered with “tandems, beautiful women, and light hussars.” “In those days,” writes the diarist, “the Prince made Brighton and Lewes Races the gayest scene of the year in England. The Pavilion was full of guests, and the Steyne was crowded with all the rank and fashion from London. The ‘legs’ and bettors who had arrived in shoals used to assemble on the Steyne at an early hour to commence their operations on the first day, and the buzz was tremendous, till Lord Foley and Mellish, the two great confederates of that day, would approach the ring, and then a sudden silence ensued to await the opening of their books.... About half-an-hour before the departure for the hill, the Prince himself would make his appearance in the crowd. I think I see him now in a green jacket, a white hat, and light nankeen pantaloons and shoes, distinguished77 by his high-bred manner and handsome person. He was generally accompanied by the Duke of Bedford, Lord Jersey78, Charles Wyndham, Shelley, Brummell, M. Day, Churchill, and the little old Jew Travis.... At dinner-time the Pavilion was resplendent with lights, and a sumptuous79 banquet was furnished to a large party; while those who were not included in that invitation found a dinner with every luxury at the club-house on the Steyne, kept by Raggett during the season for the different{217} members of White’s and Brooke’s who chose to frequent it, and where the cards and dice80 from St. James’ were not forgotten.”
After a time the Jockey Club seems to have regretted their line of action; and at a meeting, held at Brighton in the year 1805, they addressed the following letter to the Prince:—
“May it please your Royal Highness, the members of the Jockey Club, deeply regretting your absence from Newmarket, earnestly entreat81 the affair may be buried in oblivion, and sincerely hope that the different meetings may again be honoured by your Highness’s condescending82 attendance.”
The Prince, it is said, consented to overlook the past, but his horses were never sent to Newmarket after the year 1808, and then only to complete engagements. In addition to Brighton and Lewes, Bibury was his favourite race-ground, where he “appeared as a private gentleman for several years in succession, an inmate83 of Lord Sherborne’s family, and with the Duke of Dorset, then Lord Sackville, for his jockey. During the last ten years of his Majesty’s life racing interested him more than it had ever done before, and by the encouragement he then gave to Ascot and Goodwood, he contributed towards making them the most fashionable meetings in the world; and perhaps the day on which his three favourite horses—Fleur-de-lis, Zinganee, and the Colonel—came in first, second, and third for the cup at the latter place was one of the proudest of his life.”[102] The{218} love of the turf was with him to the very last, and when the Ascot Cup was run for in the year 1830 under the royal colours he was on his death-bed; and “so strong was the ‘ruling passion’ in this awful hour—and his Majesty was well aware his hour was come—that an express was sent to him after every race.”[103]
His brother, the Duke of York, was almost as keen a lover of the turf as his Majesty himself, “jolly, cursing, courageous84 Frederick,” as Thackeray calls him. In the year 1816 he was the winner of the Derby with Prince Leopold, and in 1822 with Moses. But the “Duke of York was on the turf what he was everywhere—good-humoured, unsuspecting, and confiding85; qualifications, however creditable to human nature, ill-fitted for a race-course.” Hence His Royal Highness was no winner by his horses, and his heavy speculations86 were the cause of his pecuniary87 embarrassments88. On February 5, 1827, just one month from the date of his death, the Duke’s stud of thirty-two animals, including seven hacks89 and ten grey ponies90, was brought to the hammer. The Duke of Richmond gave 1100 guineas for Moses, while Mr. Payne bought Figaro, that had run Moses in the Derby, at 200 guineas more. The King also gave 560 guineas for Rachel; but, writes “The Druid,” “racers, hacks, carriages, and dogs only produced 8804 guineas—a mere91 mole-hill compared with the Skiddaw-like pile of debts which he left behind him. Rundell and Bridge, his jewellers,{219} had such an account that Cape3 Breton was ceded92 to them in lieu of it by the Government of the day, and his taste in their line may be judged of by the fact that his rifle, which brought 50 guineas, had a gold pan and touch-hole.”
Brought up to the sea, it was not to be expected that William IV. should have any strong predilection93 for horse-racing. But he so far interested himself in the sport as to take up his brother’s stud and run out his engagements; in connection with which some amusing anecdotes94 are told illustrative of his simplicity95 in sporting matters. It seems that previously96 to the appearance of the royal stud in his Majesty’s name, the trainer sought an audience, and requested to know what horses it was the Royal pleasure to have sent down. “Send down the whole squad,” said the King; “some of them, I suppose, will win!”
And yet his Majesty was fully97 sensible of the importance of the race-horse as a means of keeping up the English breed of horses, for when at Egham Races, in August 1836, an address was presented to him for giving a Royal Purse of 100 guineas to be annually98 run for there, he said that he regarded horse-racing as a national sport—“the manly99 and noble sport of a free people; and that he deeply felt the pride of being able to encourage those pastimes so intimately connected with the habits and feelings of this free country.” And to this end he maintained a stud of about twenty-five blood-mares for the purpose of breeding from the best sires, and sold the produce annually as year{220}lings—a plan he carried out to the last. But shortly after his death the entire stud was broken up and disposed of, despite the remonstrances100 of certain members of the Legislature, and the subjoined memorial from the Jockey Club, signed by twenty-three of its leading members:—
“We, the undersigned, have heard with great concern of the probability of a dissolution of the Royal Stud at Hampton Court. We think that the great and permanent attraction of the annual stud sale, by producing competition, enhances the value of thorough-bred horses, and thus promotes the improvement of the breed throughout the kingdom. We trust, therefore, that her Majesty’s Government may be induced to advise the Queen to retain the establishment; and we have the less scruple102 in expressing this hope, because we are persuaded that under judicious management the proceeds of the sale would be found upon an average to cover all the expenses of maintaining the stud.”
This remonstrance101, however, was ineffectual, and the stud was sold by Messrs. Tattersall at Hampton Court on 25th October 1837, the sale realising a total of 15,692 guineas.
And, like many of her royal predecessors, her late Majesty, Queen Victoria, occasionally favoured in the early part of her reign the race-course with her presence, particularly Royal Ascot. And, on one occasion, it is said, she was so pleased with the performance of a very tiny jockey that she sent for him, and presented him with a ten-pound note,{221} at the same time asking him his weight. To the great amusement of the royal circle, he replied, “Please, ma’am, master says as how I must never tell my weight.”
Although horse-racing has been much patronised by foreign sovereigns, as a sport it has never acquired abroad the immense popularity it has so long secured with us as a great national institution. Perhaps one of the most curious incidents associated with royalty103 was that recorded in the history of Poland. On the death of one of their sovereigns, who ruled under the name of Lesko I., the Poles were so perplexed104 upon the selection of a successor, that they at last agreed to settle the difficulty by allowing it to be determined105 by a horse-race.
Many of the French kings patronised horse-racing, and found in it a pleasant and exciting diversion from the cares and anxieties of the state, although it does not always seem to have been free from censure106. Thus, for instance, the levity107 of Marie Antoinette in disregarding conventional rules observed by those in high station, exposed her to blame; and Le Comte de Mercy speaking of her attending horse-races, says: “It is a matter for extreme regret that the Queen habituates herself entirely108 to forget all that relates to outward dignity.... The horse-races gave occasion to much that was unfortunate and, I will say, unbecoming, as regards the position held by the Queen.... I went to the course in full dress and in my carriage. On reaching the royal tent I found there a large table spread with an ample{222} collation109, which was, so to speak, fought for by a crowd of young men unfittingly dressed, who made wild confusion and all kinds of unintelligible110 noises. In the midst of this mob were the Queen, Madame d’Artois, Madame Elizabeth, and M. le Comte d’Artois. This last personage kept running about, betting, and complaining whenever he lost, pitiably excited if he won, and rushing among the people outside to encourage his jockeys. He actually presented to the Queen a jockey who had won a race. ”
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1
racing
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| n.竞赛，赛马；adj.竞赛用的，赛马用的 | |
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2
Vogue
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| n.时髦，时尚；adj.流行的 | |
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3
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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4
sever
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| v.切开，割开；断绝，中断 | |
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5
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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6
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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7
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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8
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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9
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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10
divers
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| adj.不同的；种种的 | |
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11
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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12
knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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13
expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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14
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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enjoined
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| v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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trotting
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| 小跑，急走( trot的现在分词 )； 匆匆忙忙地走 | |
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19
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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laymen
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| 门外汉，外行人( layman的名词复数 )； 普通教徒（有别于神职人员） | |
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hoods
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| n.兜帽( hood的名词复数 )；头巾；（汽车、童车等的）折合式车篷；汽车发动机罩v.兜帽( hood的第三人称单数 )；头巾；（汽车、童车等的）折合式车篷；汽车发动机罩 | |
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bonnet
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| n.无边女帽；童帽 | |
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velvet
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| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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permanently
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| adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地 | |
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moor
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| n.荒野，沼泽；vt.(使)停泊；vi.停泊 | |
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attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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30
abeyance
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| n.搁置，缓办，中止，产权未定 | |
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31
uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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lamenting
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| adj.悲伤的，悲哀的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的现在分词 ) | |
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34
scarcity
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| n.缺乏，不足，萧条 | |
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35
mead
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| n.蜂蜜酒 | |
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36
alludes
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| 提及，暗指( allude的第三人称单数 ) | |
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37
sloven
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| adj.不修边幅的 | |
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38
wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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39
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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41
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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42
rout
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| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
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43
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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44
mishap
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| n.不幸的事，不幸；灾祸 | |
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refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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46
treasurer
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| n.司库，财务主管 | |
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47
meditated
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| 深思，沉思，冥想( meditate的过去式和过去分词 )； 内心策划，考虑 | |
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rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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51
prospects
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| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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52
barb
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| n.（鱼钩等的）倒钩，倒刺 | |
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authenticated
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| v.证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的( authenticate的过去式和过去分词 )；鉴定，使生效 | |
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54
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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inclinations
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| 倾向( inclination的名词复数 )； 倾斜； 爱好； 斜坡 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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predecessors
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| n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身 | |
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consort
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| v.相伴；结交 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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alteration
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| n.变更，改变；蚀变 | |
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judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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advisers
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| 顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授 | |
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gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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pony
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| adj.小型的；n.小马 | |
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atoned
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| v.补偿，赎（罪）( atone的过去式和过去分词 )；补偿，弥补，赎回 | |
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abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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rumour
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| n.谣言，谣传，传闻 | |
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connivance
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| n.纵容；默许 | |
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thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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stewards
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| （轮船、飞机等的）乘务员( steward的名词复数 )； （俱乐部、旅馆、工会等的）管理员； （大型活动的）组织者； （私人家中的）管家 | |
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inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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zest
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| n.乐趣；滋味，风味；兴趣 | |
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76
graphic
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| adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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jersey
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| n.运动衫 | |
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sumptuous
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| adj.豪华的，奢侈的，华丽的 | |
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80
dice
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| n.骰子；vt.把（食物）切成小方块，冒险 | |
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81
entreat
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| v.恳求，恳请 | |
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82
condescending
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| adj.谦逊的,故意屈尊的 | |
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83
inmate
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| n.被收容者；(房屋等的)居住人；住院人 | |
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courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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85
confiding
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| adj.相信人的，易于相信的v.吐露（秘密，心事等）( confide的现在分词 )；（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等） | |
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86
speculations
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| n.投机买卖( speculation的名词复数 )；思考；投机活动；推断 | |
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87
pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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88
embarrassments
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| n.尴尬( embarrassment的名词复数 )；难堪；局促不安；令人难堪或耻辱的事 | |
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89
hacks
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| 黑客 | |
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ponies
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| 矮种马，小型马( pony的名词复数 )； ￡25 25 英镑 | |
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91
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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92
ceded
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| v.让给，割让，放弃( cede的过去式 ) | |
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93
predilection
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| n.偏好 | |
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94
anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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96
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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97
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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99
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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100
remonstrances
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| n.抱怨，抗议( remonstrance的名词复数 ) | |
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101
remonstrance
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| n抗议，抱怨 | |
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102
scruple
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| n./v.顾忌，迟疑 | |
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103
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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104
perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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105
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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106
censure
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| v./n.责备；非难；责难 | |
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107
levity
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| n.轻率，轻浮，不稳定，多变 | |
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108
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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109
collation
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| n.便餐；整理 | |
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110
unintelligible
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| adj.无法了解的，难解的，莫明其妙的 | |
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