There was a great variety in the different methods of transportation which we were compelled to adopt in our journey through Kamchatka; and to this fact was attributable perhaps, in a great degree, the sense of novelty and freshness which during our three months' travel in the peninsula never entirely3 wore off. We experienced in turn the pleasures and discomforts4 of whale-boats, horses, rafts, canoes, dog-sledges, reindeer-sledges, and snow-shoes; and no sooner did we begin to tire of the pleasures and ascertain6 the discomforts of one, than we were introduced to another.
At Kluchei we abandoned our rafts, and took Kamchadal log canoes, which could be propelled more easily against the rapid current of the Yolofka River, which we had now to ascend7. The most noticeable peculiarity8 of this species of craft, and a remarkable9 one it is, is a decided10 and chronic11 inclination12 to turn its bottom side upward and its upper side bottomward without the slightest apparent provocation13. I was informed by a reliable authority that a boat capsized on the Kamchatka, just previous to our arrival, through the carelessness of a Kamchadal in allowing a jack-knife to remain in his right-hand pocket without putting something of a corresponding weight into the other; and that the Kamchadal fashion of parting the hair in the middle originated in attempts to preserve personal equilibrium14 while navigating15 these canoes. I should have been somewhat inclined to doubt these remarkable and not altogether new stories, were it not for the reliability16 and unimpeachable17 veracity18 of my informant, Mr. Dodd. The seriousness of the subject is a sufficient guarantee that he would not trifle with my feelings by making it the pretext19 for a joke.
We indulged ourselves on Saturday morning in a much later sleep than was consistent with our duty, and it was almost eight o'clock before we went down to the beach.
Upon first sight of the frail20 canoes, to which our destinies and the interests of the Russian-American Telegraph Company were to be intrusted, there was a very general expression of surprise and dissatisfaction. One of our party, with the rapid à priori reasoning for which he was distinguished21, came at once to the conclusion that a watery22 death would be the inevitable23 termination of a voyage made in such vessels24, and he evinced a very marked disinclination to embark25. It is related of a great warrior26, whose Commentaries were the detestation of my early life, that during a very stormy passage of the Ionian Sea he cheered up his sailors with the sublimely27 egotistical assurance that they carried "Caesar and his fortunes"; and that, consequently, nothing disastrous28 could possibly happen to them. The Kamchatkan Caesar, however, on this occasion seemed to distrust his own fortunes, and the attempts at consolation29 came from the opposite quarter. His boatman did not tell him, "Cheer up, Caesar, a Kamchadal and his fortunes are carrying you," but he did assure him that he had navigated30 the river for several years, and had "never been drowned once." What more could Caesar ask!—After some demur31 we all took seats upon bearskins in the bottoms of the canoes, and pushed off.
All other features of natural scenery in the vicinity of Kluchei sink into subordination to the grand central figure of the Kluchefskoi volcano, the monarch32 of Siberian mountains, whose sharp summit, with its motionless streamer of golden smoke, can be seen anywhere within a radius33 of a hundred miles. All other neighbouring beauties of scenery are merely tributary34 to this, and are valued only according to their capability35 of relieving and setting forth36 this magnificent peak, whose colossal37 dimensions rise in one unbroken sweep of snow from the grassy38 valleys of the Kamchatka and Yolofka, which terminate at its base. "Heir of the sunset and herald39 of morning," its lofty crater40 is suffused41 with a roseate blush long before the morning mists and darkness are out of the valleys, and long after the sun has set behind the purple mountains of Tigil. At all times, under all circumstances, and in all its ever-varying moods, it is the most beautiful mountain I have ever seen. Now it lies bathed in the warm sunshine of an Indian summer's day, with a few fleecy clouds resting at the snow-line and dappling its sides with purple shadows; then it envelops42 itself in dense43 volumes of black volcanic smoke, and thunders out a hoarse44 warning to the villages at its feet; and finally, toward evening, it gathers a mantle45 of grey mists around its summit, and rolls them in convulsed masses down its sides, until it stands in the clear atmosphere a colossal pillar of cloud, sixteen thousand feet in height, resting upon fifty square miles of shaggy pine forest.
You think nothing can be more beautiful than the delicate tender colour, like that of a wild-rose leaf, which tinges46 its snows as the sun sinks in a swirl47 of red vapours in the west; but "visit it by the pale moonlight," when its hood48 of mist is edged with silver, when black shadows gather in its deep ravines and white misty49 lights gleam from its snowy pinnacles50, when the host of starry51 constellations52 seems to circle around its lofty peak, and the tangled53 silver chain of the Pleiades to hang upon one of its rocky spires—then say, if you can, that it is more beautiful by daylight.
We entered the Yolofka about noon. This river empties into the Kamchatka from the north, twelve versts above Kluchei. Its shores are generally low and marshy54, and thickly overgrown with rushes and reedy grass, which furnish cover for thousands of ducks, geese, and wild swans. We reached, before night, a native village called Harchina (har'-chin-ah) and sent at once for a celebrated55 Russian guide by the name of Nicolai Bragan (nick-o-lai' brag'-on) whom we hoped to induce to accompany us across the mountains.
From Bragan we learned that there had been a heavy fall of snow on the mountains during the previous week; but he thought that the warm weather of the last three or four days had probably melted most of it away, and that the trail would be at least passable. He was willing at all events to try to take us across. Relieved of a good deal of anxiety, we left Harchina early on the morning of the 17th, and resumed our ascent of the river. On account of the rapidity of the current in the main stream, we turned aside into one of the many "protoks" (pro-tokes') or arms into which the river was here divided, and poled slowly up for four hours. The channel was very winding56 and narrow, so that one could touch with a paddle the bank on either side, and in many places the birches and willows57 met over the stream, dropping yellow leaves upon our heads as we passed underneath58. Here and there long scraggy tree-trunks hung over the bank into the water, logs green with moss59 thrust their ends up from the depths of the stream, and more than once we seemed about to come to a stop in the midst of an impassable swamp. Nicolai Alexandrovich, our guide, whose canoe preceded ours, sang for our entertainment some of the monotonous60 melancholy61 songs of the Kamchadals, and Dodd and I in turn made the woods ring with the enlivening strains of "Kingdom Coming" and "Upidee." When we tired of music we made an amicable62 adjustment of our respective legs in the narrow canoe, and lying back upon our bearskins slept soundly, undisturbed by the splash of the water and the scraping of poles at our very ears. We camped that night on a high sandy beach over the water, ten or twelve miles south of Yolofka.
It was a warm still evening, and as we all sat on our bearskins around the camp-fire, smoking and talking over the day's adventures, our attention was suddenly attracted by a low rumbling63, like distant thunder, accompanied by occasional explosions. "What's that?" demanded the Major quickly. "That," said Nicolai soberly, as he emptied his lungs of smoke, "is the Kluchefskoi volcano talking to the peak of Suveilich" (soo-veil'-itch). "Nothing private in the conversation, I suppose," observed Dodd dryly; "he shouts it out loud enough." The reverberations continued for several minutes, but the peak of Suveilich made no response. That unfortunate mountain had recklessly expended64 its volcanic energies in early life, and was now left without a voice to answer the thundering shouts of its mighty65 comrade. There was a time when volcanoes were as numerous in Kamchatka as knights66 around the table of King Arthur, and the peninsula trembled to the thunder of their shoutings and midnight jollity; but one after another they had been suffocated67 with the fiery68 streams of their own eloquence69, until at last Kluchefskoi was left alone, calling to its old companions throughout the silent hours of long winter nights, but hearing no response save the faint far-away echoes of its own mighty voice.
I was waked early on the following morning by the jubilant music of "Oh, Su-san'-na-a-a, don't ye cry for me!" and crawling out of the tent I surprised one of our native boatmen in the very act of drumming on a frying-pan and yelling out joyously70:
"Litenin' struck de telegraf,
Killed two thousand niggers;
Shut my eyes to hole my breff,
Su-san'-na-a-a, don't ye cry!"
A comical skin-clad native, in the heart of Kamchatka, playing on a frying-pan and singing, "Oh, Susanna!" like an arctic negro minstrel, was too much for my gravity, and I burst into a fit of laughter, which, soon brought out Dodd. The musician, who had supposed that he was exercising his vocal71 organs unheard, stopped suddenly, and looked sheepishly around, as if conscious that he had been making himself ridiculous in some way, but did not know exactly how.
"Why, Andrei," said Dodd, "I didn't know you could sing in English."
"I can't, Barin," was the reply; "but I can sing a little in American."
Dodd and I went off in another roar of laughter, which puzzled poor
Andrei more and more.
"Where did you learn?" Dodd asked.
"The sailors of a whaling-ship learned it to me when I was in Petropavlovsk, two years ago; isn't it a good song?" he said, evidently fearing that there might be something improper72 in the sentiment.
"It's a capital song," Dodd replied reassuringly73; "do you know any more American words?"
"Oh yes, your honour!" (proudly) "I know 'dam yerize,' 'by 'm bye tomorry,' 'no savey John,' and 'goaty hell,' but I don't know what they all mean."
It was evident that he didn't! His American education was of limited extent and doubtful utility; but not even Cardinal74 Mezzofanti himself could have been more proud of his forty languages than poor Andrei was of "dam yerize" and "goaty hell." If ever he reached America, the blessed land that he saw in his happier dreams, these questionable75 phrases would be his passports to the first society.
While we had been talking with Andrei, Viushin had built a fire and prepared breakfast, and just as the sun peered into the valley we sat down on bearskins around our little candle-box and ate some "selánka," or sour soup, upon which Viushin particularly prided himself, and drank tumbler after tumbler of steaming tea. Selánka, hardtack, and tea, with an occasional duck roasted before the fire on a sharp stick, made up our bill of fare while camping out. Only in the settlements did we enjoy such luxuries as milk, butter, fresh bread, preserved rose-petals, and fish pies.
Taking our places again in the canoes after breakfast, we poled on up the river, shooting occasionally at flying ducks and swans, and picking as we passed long branches full of wild cherries which drooped76 low over the water. About noon we left the canoes to go around a long bend in the river, and started on foot with a native guide for Yolofka. The grass in the river bottom and on the plains was much higher than our waists, and walking through it was very fatiguing77 exercise; but we succeeded in reaching the village about one o'clock, long before our canoes came in sight.
Yolofka, a small Kamchadal settlement of half a dozen houses, is situated78 among the foot-hills of the great central Kamchatkan range, immediately below the pass which bears its name, and on the direct route to Tigil and the west coast. It is the head of canoe navigation on the Yolofka River, and the starting-point for parties intending to cross the mountains. Anticipating difficulty in getting horses enough for our use at this small village, the Major had sent eight or ten overland from Kluchei, and we found them there awaiting our arrival.
Nearly the whole afternoon was spent in packing the horses and getting ready for a start, and we camped for the night beside a cold mountain spring only a few versts away from the Village. The weather, hitherto, had been clear and warm, but it clouded up during the night, and we began the ascent of the mountains Tuesday morning the 19th, in a cold, driving rain-storm from the north-west. The road, if a wretched foot-path ten inches wide can be said in any metaphorical79 sense to be a road, was simply execrable. It followed the track of a swollen80 mountain torrent81, which had its rise in the melting snows of the summit, and tumbled in roaring cascades82 down a narrow, dark, precipitous ravine. The path ran along the edge of this stream, first on one side, then on the other, and then in the water, around enormous masses of volcanic rock, over steep lava83 slopes, where the water ran like a mill-race through dense entangling84 thickets85 of trailing pine, into ragged86 heaps of fallen tree-trunks, and along narrow ledges5 of rock where it would be thought that a mountain sheep could hardly pass. I would guarantee, with twenty men, to hold that ravine against the combined armies of Europe! Our packhorses rolled down steep banks into the stream, tore their loads off against tree-trunks, stumbled, cut their legs in falling over broken volcanic rocks, took flying leaps across narrow chasms87 of roaring water, and performed feats88 which would have been utterly89 beyond the strength and endurance of any but Kamchatkan horses. Finally, in attempting to leap a distance of eight or ten feet across the torrent, I was thrown violently from the saddle, and my left foot caught firmly, just above the instep, in the small iron stirrup. The horse scrambled90 up the other side and started at a frightened gallop91 up the ravine, dragging my body over the ground by one leg. I remember making a desperate effort to protect my head, by raising myself upon my elbows, but the horse kicked me suddenly in the side, and I knew nothing more until I found myself lying upon the ground with my foot still entangled92 in the broken stirrup, while the horse galloped93 away up the ravine. The giving way of a single strap94 had saved my skull95 from being crushed like an egg-shell against the jagged rocks. I was badly bruised96 and very faint and dizzy, but no bones seemed to be broken, and I got up without assistance. Thus far the Major had kept his quick temper under strong control; but this was too much, and he hurled97 the most furious invectives at poor Nicolai for leading us over the mountains by such a horrible pass, and threatened him with the direst punishment when we should reach Tigil. It was of no use for Nicolai to urge in self-defence that there was no other pass; it was his business to find another, and not imperil men's lives by leading them into a God-forsaken ravine like this, choked up with landslides98, fallen trees, water, lava, and masses of volcanic rock! If anything happened to any member of our party in this cursed gorge99, the Major swore he would shoot Nicolai on the spot! Pale and trembling with fright, the poor guide caught my horse, mended my stirrup strap, and started on ahead to show that he was not afraid to go where he asked us to follow.
I believe we must have jumped our horses across that mountain torrent fifty times in an ascent of 2000 feet, to avoid the rocks and landslides which appeared first on one side and then on the other. One of our packhorses had given out entirely, and several others were nearly disabled, when, late in the afternoon, we finally reached the summit of the mountains, 4000 feet above the sea. Before us, half hidden by grey storm-clouds and driving mist, lay a great expanse of level table-land, covered to a depth of eighteen inches with a soft dense cushion of arctic moss, and holding water like an enormous sponge. Not a tree nor a landmark100 of any kind could be seen—nothing but moss and flying scud101. A cold piercing wind from the north swept chilly102 storm-clouds across the desolate103 mountain top, and drove tiny particles of half-frozen rain into our faces with blinding, stinging force. Drenched104 to the skin by eight or nine hours' exposure to the storm, tired and weak from long climbing, with boots full of icy water, and hands numb105 and stiff from cold, we stopped for a moment to rest our horses and decide upon our course. Brandy was dealt out freely to all our men in the cover of a tin pail, but its stimulating106 influence was so counteracted107 by cold that it was hardly perceptible. The poor starosta of Yolofka, with dripping clothes, blue lips, chattering108 teeth, and black hair plastered over his white cheeks, seemed upon the point of giving out. He caught eagerly at the pail-cover full of brandy which the Major handed to him, but every limb was shaking spasmodically, and he spilled most of it in getting it to his mouth.
Fearing that darkness would overtake us before we could reach shelter, we started on toward a deserted109, half-ruined "yurt" (yoort) [Footnote: A Mongolian name for a portable or permanent house-like shelter, made of logs, skins, or felt.] which Nicolai said stood near the western edge of this elevated plateau, about eight versts distant. Our horses sank to the knee at every step in the soft, spongy cushion of wet moss, so that we could travel no faster than a slow walk, and the short distance of eight versts seemed to be interminable. After four more dreary110 hours, spent in wandering about through grey drifting clouds, exposed to a bitter north-west wind, and a temperature of just 32°, we finally arrived in a half-frozen condition at the yurt. It was a low, empty hut, nearly square in shape, built of variously sized logs, and banked over with two or three feet of moss and grass-grown earth, so as to resemble an outdoor cellar. Half of one side had been torn down by storm-besieged travellers for firewood; its earthen floor was dank and wet with slimy tricklings from its leaky roof; the wind and rain drove with a mournful howl down through its chimney-hole; its door was gone, and it presented altogether a dismal111 picture of neglected dilapidation112. Nothing daunted113, Viushin tore down another section of the ruined side to make a fire, hung over teakettles, and brought our provision boxes under such shelter as the miserable114 hut afforded. I never could ascertain where Viushin obtained the water that night for our tea, as there was no available stream within ten miles, and the drippings of the roof were thick and discoloured with mud. I have more than a suspicion, however, that he squeezed it out of bunches of moss which he tore up from the soaking tundra115 (toon'-drah). Dodd and I took off our boots, poured about a pint116 of muddy water out of each, dried our feet, and, as the steam rose in clouds from our wet clothes, began to feel quite comfortable.
Viushin was in high good humour. He had voluntarily assumed the whole charge of our drivers during the day, had distinguished himself by most unwearied efforts in raising fallen horses, getting them over breakneck places, and cheering up the disconsolate117 Kamchadals, and he now wrung118 the water out of his shirt, and squeezed his wet hair absent-mindedly into a kettle of soup, with a countenance119 of such beaming serenity120 and a laugh of such hearty121 good-nature that it was of no use for anybody to pretend to be cross, tired, cold, or hungry. With that sunny face irradiating the smoky atmosphere of the ruined yurt, and that laugh ringing joyously in our ears, we made fun of our misery122 and persuaded ourselves that we were having a good time. After a scanty123 supper of selánka, dried fish, hardtack, and tea, we stretched our tired bodies out in the shallowest puddles124 we could find, covered ourselves with blankets, overcoats, oilcloths, and bearskins, and succeeded, in spite of our wet clothes and wetter beds, in getting to sleep.
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1
volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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discomforts
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| n.不舒适( discomfort的名词复数 )；不愉快，苦恼 | |
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ledges
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| n.（墙壁，悬崖等）突出的狭长部分( ledge的名词复数 )；（平窄的）壁架；横档；（尤指）窗台 | |
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ascertain
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| vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清 | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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peculiarity
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| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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chronic
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| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 | |
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inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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provocation
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| n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因 | |
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equilibrium
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| n.平衡，均衡，相称，均势，平静 | |
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navigating
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| v.给（船舶、飞机等）引航，导航( navigate的现在分词 )；（从海上、空中等）横越；横渡；飞跃 | |
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reliability
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| n.可靠性，确实性 | |
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unimpeachable
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| adj.无可指责的；adv.无可怀疑地 | |
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veracity
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| n.诚实 | |
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pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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sublimely
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| 高尚地，卓越地 | |
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disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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navigated
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| v.给（船舶、飞机等）引航，导航( navigate的过去式和过去分词 )；（从海上、空中等）横越；横渡；飞跃 | |
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demur
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| v．表示异议，反对 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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radius
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| n.半径，半径范围；有效航程，范围，界限 | |
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tributary
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| n.支流；纳贡国；adj.附庸的；辅助的；支流的 | |
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capability
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| n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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grassy
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| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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herald
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| vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎 | |
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crater
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| n.火山口，弹坑 | |
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suffused
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| v.（指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满( suffuse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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envelops
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的第三人称单数 ) | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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hoarse
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| adj.嘶哑的，沙哑的 | |
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mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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tinges
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| n.细微的色彩，一丝痕迹( tinge的名词复数 ) | |
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swirl
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| v.(使)打漩，(使)涡卷；n.漩涡，螺旋形 | |
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hood
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| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
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misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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pinnacles
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| 顶峰( pinnacle的名词复数 )； 顶点； 尖顶； 小尖塔 | |
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starry
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| adj.星光照耀的, 闪亮的 | |
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52
constellations
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| n.星座( constellation的名词复数 )；一群杰出人物；一系列（相关的想法、事物）；一群（相关的人） | |
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53
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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54
marshy
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| adj.沼泽的 | |
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55
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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56
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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57
willows
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| n.柳树( willow的名词复数 )；柳木 | |
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58
underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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59
moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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60
monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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61
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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62
amicable
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| adj.和平的，友好的；友善的 | |
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63
rumbling
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| n. 隆隆声, 辘辘声 adj. 隆隆响的 动词rumble的现在分词 | |
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64
expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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65
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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66
knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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67
suffocated
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| （使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的过去式和过去分词 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气 | |
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68
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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69
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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70
joyously
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| ad.快乐地, 高兴地 | |
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71
vocal
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| adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目 | |
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72
improper
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| adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的 | |
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73
reassuringly
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| ad.安心，可靠 | |
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74
cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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75
questionable
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| adj.可疑的，有问题的 | |
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76
drooped
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| 弯曲或下垂，发蔫( droop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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77
fatiguing
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| a.使人劳累的 | |
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78
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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79
metaphorical
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| a.隐喻的，比喻的 | |
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80
swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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81
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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82
cascades
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| 倾泻( cascade的名词复数 )； 小瀑布（尤指一连串瀑布中的一支）； 瀑布状物； 倾泻（或涌出）的东西 | |
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83
lava
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| n.熔岩，火山岩 | |
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84
entangling
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| v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的现在分词 ) | |
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85
thickets
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| n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物 | |
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86
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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87
chasms
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| 裂缝( chasm的名词复数 )； 裂口； 分歧； 差别 | |
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88
feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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89
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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90
scrambled
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| v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞 | |
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91
gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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92
entangled
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| adj.卷入的；陷入的；被缠住的；缠在一起的v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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93
galloped
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| （使马）飞奔，奔驰( gallop的过去式和过去分词 )； 快速做[说]某事 | |
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94
strap
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| n.皮带，带子；v.用带扣住，束牢；用绷带包扎 | |
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skull
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| n.头骨；颅骨 | |
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96
bruised
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| [医]青肿的，瘀紫的 | |
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97
hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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98
landslides
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| 山崩( landslide的名词复数 )； （山坡、悬崖等的）崩塌； 滑坡； （竞选中）一方选票占压倒性多数 | |
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99
gorge
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| n.咽喉，胃，暴食，山峡；v.塞饱，狼吞虎咽地吃 | |
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100
landmark
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| n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标 | |
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101
scud
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| n.疾行；v.疾行 | |
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102
chilly
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| adj.凉快的，寒冷的 | |
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103
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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104
drenched
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| adj.湿透的；充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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105
numb
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| adj.麻木的，失去感觉的；v.使麻木 | |
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106
stimulating
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| adj.有启发性的，能激发人思考的 | |
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107
counteracted
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| 对抗，抵消( counteract的过去式 ) | |
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108
chattering
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| n. （机器振动发出的）咔嗒声，(鸟等)鸣，啁啾 adj. 喋喋不休的，啾啾声的 动词chatter的现在分词形式 | |
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109
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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110
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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111
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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112
dilapidation
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| n.倒塌；毁坏 | |
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113
daunted
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| 使（某人）气馁，威吓( daunt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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114
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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115
tundra
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| n.苔原，冻土地带 | |
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116
pint
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| n.品脱 | |
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117
disconsolate
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| adj.忧郁的，不快的 | |
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118
wrung
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| 绞( wring的过去式和过去分词 )； 握紧（尤指别人的手）； 把（湿衣服）拧干； 绞掉（水） | |
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119
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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120
serenity
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| n.宁静，沉着，晴朗 | |
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121
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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122
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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123
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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124
puddles
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| n.水坑， （尤指道路上的）雨水坑( puddle的名词复数 ) | |
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