About the 20th of October a Russian physician arrived from Tigil, and proceeded to reduce the little strength that the Major had by steaming, bleeding, and blistering2 him into a mere3 shadow of his former robust4 self. The fever, however, abated5 under this energetic treatment, and he began gradually to amend6. Sometime during the same week, Dodd and Meranef returned from Tigil with a new supply of tea, sugar, rum, tobacco, and hardbread, and we began collecting dogs from the neighbouring settlements of Kinkil and Polan for another trip across the Samanka Mountains. Snow had fallen everywhere to a depth of two feet, the weather had turned clear and cold, and there was nothing except the Major's illness to detain us longer at Lesnoi. On the 28th he declared himself able to travel, and we packed up for a start. On November 1st we put on our heavy fur clothes, which turned us into wild animals of most ferocious7 appearance, bade good-by to all the hospitable8 people of Lesnoi, and set out with a train of sixteen sledges9, eighteen men, two hundred dogs, and forty days' provisions, for the territory of the Wandering Koraks. We determined11 to reach Gizhiga this time, or, as the newspapers say, perish in the attempt.
Late in the afternoon of November 3d, just as the long northern twilight12 was fading into the peculiar13 steely blue of an arctic night, our dogs toiled14 slowly up the last summit of the Samanka Mountains, and we looked down from a height of more than two thousand feet upon the dreary15 expanse of snow which stretched away to the far horizon. It was the land of the Wandering Koraks. A cold breeze from the sea swept across the mountain-top, soughing mournfully through the pines as it passed, and intensifying17 the loneliness and silence of the white wintry landscape. The faint pale light of the vanishing sun still lingered upon the higher peaks; but the gloomy ravines below us, shaggy with forests of larch18 and dense19 thickets20 of trailing-pine, were already gathering21 the shadows and indistinctness of night. At the foot of the mountains stood the first encampment of Koraks. As we rested our dogs a few moments upon the summit, before commencing our descent, we tried to discern through the gathering gloom the black tents which we imagined stood somewhere beneath our feet; but nothing save the dark patches of trailing-pine broke the dead white of the level steppe. The encampment was hidden by a projecting shoulder of the mountain.
[Illustration: WANDERING KORAKS WITH THEIR REINDEER22 AND SLEDGES
From a painting by George A. Frost]
The rising moon was just throwing into dark, bold relief the shaggy outlines of the peaks on our right, as we roused up our dogs and plunged23 into the throat of a dark ravine which led downward to the steppe. The deceptive24 shadows of night, and the masses of rock which choked up the narrow defile25 made the descent extremely dangerous; and it required all the skill of our practised drivers to avoid accident. Clouds of snow flew from the spiked26 poles with which they vainly tried to arrest our downward rush; cries and warning shouts from those in advance, multiplied by the mountain echoes, excited our dogs to still greater speed, until we seemed, as the rocks and trees flew past, to be in the jaws27 of a falling avalanche28, which was carrying us with breathless rapidity down the dark canon to certain ruin. Gradually, however, our speed slackened, and we came out into the moonlight on the hard, wind-packed snow of the open steppe. Half an hour's brisk travel brought us into the supposed vicinity of the Korak encampment, but we saw as yet no signs of either reindeer or tents. The disturbed, torn-up condition of the snow usually apprises29 the traveller of his approach to the yurts of the Koraks, as the reindeer belonging to the band range all over the country within a radius31 of several miles, and paw up the snow in search of the moss32 which constitutes their food. Failing to find any such indications, we were discussing the probability of our having been misdirected, when suddenly our leading dogs pricked33 up their sharp ears, snuffed eagerly at the wind, and with short, excited yelps34 made off at a dashing gallop35 toward a low hill which lay almost at right angles with our previous course. The drivers endeavoured in vain to check the speed of the excited dogs; their wolfish instincts were aroused, and all discipline was forgotten as the fresh scent1 came down upon the wind from the herd36 of reindeer beyond. A moment brought us to the brow of the hill, and before us in the clear moonlight, stood the conical tents of the Koraks, surrounded by at least four thousand reindeer, whose branching antlers looked like a perfect forest of dry limbs. The dogs all gave voice simultaneously37, like a pack of foxhounds in view of the game, and dashed tumultuously down the hill, regardless of the shouts of their masters, and the menacing cries of three or four dark forms which rose suddenly up from the snow between them and the frightened deer. Above the tumult38 I could hear Dodd's voice, hurling39 imprecations in Russian at his yelping40 dogs, which, in spite of his most strenuous41 efforts, were dragging him and his capsized sledge10 across the steppe. The vast body of deer wavered a moment and then broke into a wild stampede, with drivers, Korak sentinels, and two hundred dogs in full pursuit.
Not desirous of becoming involved in the mêlée, I sprang from my sledge and watched the confused crowd as it swept with shout, bark, and halloo, across the plain. The whole encampment, which had seemed in its quiet loneliness to be deserted42, was now startled into instant activity. Dark forms issued suddenly from the tents, and grasping the long spears which stood upright in the snow by the doorway43, joined in the chase, shouting and hurling lassos of walrus44 hide at the dogs, with the hope of stopping their pursuit. The clattering45 of thousands of antlers dashed together in the confusion of flight, the hurried beat of countless46 hoofs47 upon the hard snow, the deep, hoarse48 barks of the startled deer, and the unintelligible49 cries of the Koraks, as they tried to rally their panic-stricken herd, created a Pandemonium50 of discordant51 sounds which could be heard far and wide through the still, frosty atmosphere of night. It resembled a midnight attack of Comanches upon a hostile camp, rather than the peaceful arrival of three or four American travellers; and I listened with astonishment52 to the wild uproar53 of alarm which we had unintentionally aroused.
The tumult grew fainter and fainter as it swept away into the distance, and the dogs, exhausting the unnatural54 strength which the excitement had temporarily given them, yielded reluctantly to the control of their drivers and turned toward the tents. Dodd's dogs, panting with the violence of their exertions55, limped sullenly56 back, casting longing30 glances occasionally in the direction of the deer, as if they more than half repented57 the weakness which had led them to abandon the chase.
"Why didn't you stop them?" I inquired of Dodd, laughingly. "A driver of your experience ought to have better control of his team than that."
"Stop them!" he exclaimed with an aggrieved58 air. "I'd like to see you stop them, with a rawhide59 lasso round your neck, and a big Korak hauling like a steam windlass on the other end of it! It's all very well to cry 'stop 'em'; but when the barbarians60 haul you off the rear end of your sledge as if you were a wild animal, what course would your sublime61 wisdom suggest? I believe I've got the mark of a lasso round my neck now," and he felt cautiously about his ears for the impression of a sealskin thong62.
As soon as the deer had been gathered together again and a guard placed over them, the Koraks crowded curiously63 around the visitors who had entered so unceremoniously their quiet camp, and inquired through Meranef, our interpreter, who we were and what we wanted. A wild, picturesque64 group they made, as the moonlight streamed white and clear into their swarthy faces, and glittered upon the metallic65 ornaments66 about their persons and the polished blades of their long spears. Their high cheek-bones, bold, alert eyes, and straight, coal-black hair, suggested an intimate relationship with our own Indians; but the resemblance went no further. Most of their faces wore an expression of bold, frank honesty, which is not a characteristic of our western aborigines, and which we instinctively67 accepted as a sufficient guarantee of their friendliness68 and good faith. Contrary to our preconceived idea of northern savages70, they were athletic71, able-bodied men, fully16 up to the average height of Americans. Heavy kukh-lánkas (kookh-lan'-kas), or hunting-shirts of spotted72 deerskin, confined about the waist with a belt, and fringed round the bottom with the long black hair of the wolverine, covered their bodies from the neck to the knee, ornamented73 here and there with strings74 of small coloured beads75, tassels76 of scarlet77 leather, and bits of polished metal. Fur trousers, long boots of sealskin coming up to the thigh78, and wolfskin hoods79, with the ears of the animal standing80 erect81 on each side of the head, completed the costume which, notwithstanding its bizarre effect, had yet a certain picturesque adaptation to the equally strange features of the moonlight scene. Leaving our Cossack Meranef, seconded by the Major, to explain our business and wants, Dodd and I strolled away to make a critical inspection83 of the encampment. It consisted of four large conical tents, built apparently84 of a framework of poles and covered with loose reindeerskins, confined in their places by long thongs85 of seal or walrus hide, which were stretched tightly over them from the apex86 of the cone87 to the ground. They seemed at first sight to be illy calculated to withstand the storms which in winter sweep down across this steppe from the Arctic Ocean; but subsequent experience proved that the severest gales88 cannot tear them from their fastenings. Neatly89 constructed sledges of various shapes and sizes were scattered90 here and there upon the snow, and two or three hundred pack-saddles for the reindeer were piled up in a symmetrical wall near the largest tent. Finishing our examination, and feeling somewhat bored by the society of fifteen or twenty Koraks who had constituted themselves a sort of supervisory committee to watch our motions, we returned to the spot where the representatives of civilisation91 and barbarism were conducting their negotiations92. They had apparently come to an amicable93 understanding; for, upon our approach, a tall native with shaven head stepped out from the throng94, and leading the way to the largest tent, lifted a curtain of skin and revealed a dark hole about two feet and a half in diameter, which he motioned to us to enter.
Now, if there was any branch of Viushin's Siberian education upon which he especially prided himself, it was his proficiency95 in crawling into small holes. Persevering96 practice had given him a flexibility97 of back and a peculiar sinuosity of movement which we might admire but could not imitate; and although the distinction was not perhaps an altogether desirable one, he was invariably selected to explore all the dark holes and underground passages (miscalled doors) which came in our way. This seemed to be one of the most peculiar of the many different styles of entrance which we had observed; but Viushin, assuming as an axiom that no part of his body could be greater than the (w)hole, dropped into a horizontal position, and requesting Dodd to give his feet an initial shove, crawled cautiously in. A few seconds of breathless silence succeeded his disappearance98, when, supposing that all must be right, I put my head into the hole and crawled warily99 after him. The darkness was profound; but, guided by Viushin's breathing, I was making very fair progress, when suddenly a savage69 snarl100 and a startling yell came out of the gloom in front, followed instantly by the most substantial part of Viushin's body, which struck me with the force of a battering-ram on the top of the head, and caused me, with the liveliest apprehensions101 of ambuscade and massacre103, to back precipitately104 out. Viushin, with the awkward retrograde movements of a disabled crab105, speedily followed.
"What in the name of Chort [Footnote: The Devil.] is the matter?" demanded Dodd in Russian, as he extricated106 Viushin's head from the folds of the skin curtain in which it had become enveloped107. "You back out as if Shaitan and all his imps108 were after you!"—"You don't suppose," responded Viushin, with excited gestures, "that I'm going to stay in that hole and be eaten up by Korak dogs? If I was foolish enough to go in, I've got discretion109 enough to know when to come out. I don't believe the hole leads anywhere, anyhow," he added apologetically; "and it's all full of dogs." With a quick perception of Viushin's difficulties and a grin of amusement at his discomfiture110, our Korak guide entered the hole, drove out the dogs, and lifting up an inner curtain, allowed the red light of the fire to stream through. Crawling on hands and knees a distance of twelve or fifteen feet through the low doorway, we entered the large open circle in the interior of the tent. A crackling fire of resinous111 pine boughs112 burned brightly upon the ground in the centre, illuminating113 redly the framework of black, glossy114 poles, and flickering115 fitfully over the dingy116 skins of the roof and the swarthy tattooed117 faces of the women who squatted118 around. A large copper119 kettle, filled with some mixture of questionable120 odour and appearance, hung over the blaze, and furnished occupation to a couple of skinny, bare-armed women, who with the same sticks were alternately stirring its contents, poking121 up the fire, and knocking over the head two or three ill-conditioned but inquisitive122 dogs. The smoke, which rose lazily from the fire, hung in a blue, clearly defined cloud about five feet from the ground, dividing the atmosphere of the tent into a lower stratum123 of comparatively clear air, and an upper cloud region where smoke, vapours, and ill odours contended for supremacy124.
The location of the little pure air which the yurt afforded made the boyish feat82 of standing upon one's head a very desirable accomplishment125; and as the pungent126 smoke filled my eyes to the exclusion127 of everything else except tears, I suggested to Dodd that he reverse the respective positions of his head and feet, and try it—he would escape the smoke and sparks from the fire, and at the same time obtain a new and curious optical effect. With the sneer128 of contempt which always met even my most valuable suggestions, he replied that I might try my own experiments, and throwing himself down at full length on the ground, he engaged in the interesting diversion of making faces at a Korak baby. Viushin's time, as soon as his eyes recovered a little from the effects of the smoke, was about equally divided between preparations for our evening meal, and revengeful blows at the stray dogs which ventured in his vicinity; while the Major, who was probably the most usefully employed member of the party, negotiated for the exclusive possession of a polog. The temperature of a Korak tent in winter seldom ranges above 20° or 25° Fahr., and as constant exposure to such a degree of cold would be at least very disagreeable, the Koraks construct around the inner circumference129 of the tent small, nearly air-tight apartments called pologs, which are separated one from another by skin curtains, and combine the advantages of exclusiveness with the desirable luxury of greater warmth. These pologs are about four feet in height, and six or eight feet in width and length. They are made of the heaviest furs sewn carefully together to exclude the air, and are warmed and lighted by a burning fragment of moss floating in a wooden bowl of seal oil. The law of compensation, however, which pervades130 all Nature, makes itself felt even in the pologs of a Korak yurt, and for the greater degree of warmth is exacted the penalty of a closer, smokier atmosphere. The flaming wick of the lamp, which floats like a tiny burning ship in a miniature lake of rancid grease, absorbs the vital air of the polog, and returns it in the shape of carbonic acid gas, oily smoke, and sickening odours. In defiance131, however, of all the known laws of hygiene132, this vitiated atmosphere seems to be healthful; or, to state the case negatively, there is no evidence to prove its unhealthfulness. The Korak women, who spend almost the whole of their time in these pologs, live generally to an advanced age, and except a noticeable tendency to angular outlines, and skinniness, there is nothing to distinguish them physically133 from the old women of other countries. It was not without what I supposed to be a well-founded apprehension102 of suffocation134, that I slept for the first time in a Korak yurt; but my uneasiness proved to be entirely135 groundless, and gradually wore away.
With a view to escape from the crowd of Koraks, who squatted around us on the earthen floor, and whose watchful136 curiosity soon became irksome, Dodd and I lifted up the fur curtain of the polog which the Major's diplomacy137 had secured, and crawled in to await the advent138 of supper. The inquisitive Koraks, unable to find room in the narrow polog for the whole of their bodies, lay down to the number of nine on the outside, and poking their ugly, half-shaven heads under the curtain, resumed their silent supervision139. The appearance in a row of nine disembodied heads, whose staring eyes rolled with synchronous140 motion from side to side as we moved, was so ludicrous that we involuntarily burst into laughter. A responsive smile instantly appeared upon each of the nine swarthy faces, whose simultaneous concurrence141 in the expression of every emotion suggested the idea of some huge monster with nine heads and but one consciousness. Acting142 upon Dodd's suggestion that we try and smoke them out, I took my brier-wood pipe from my pocket and proceeded to light it with one of those peculiar snapping lucifers which were among our most cherished relics143 of civilisation. As the match, with a miniature fusillade of sharp reports, burst suddenly into flame, the nine startled heads instantly disappeared, and from beyond the curtain we could hear a chorus of long-drawn "tye-e-e's" from the astonished natives, followed by a perfect Babel of animated144 comments upon this diabolical145 method of producing fire. Fearful, however, of losing some other equally striking manifestation146 of the white men's supernatural power, the heads soon returned, reenforced by several others which the report of the wonderful occurrence had attracted. The fabled147 watchfulness148 of the hundred-eyed Argus was nothing compared with the scrutiny149 to which we were now subjected. Every wreath of curling smoke which rose from our lips was watched by the staring eyes as intently as if it were some deadly vapour from the bottomless pit, which would shortly burst into report and flame. A loud and vigorous sneeze from Dodd was the signal for a second panic-stricken withdrawal150 of the row of heads, and another comparison of respective experiences outside the curtain. It was laughable enough; but, tired of being stared at and anxious for something to eat, we crawled out of our polog and watched with unassumed interest the preparation of supper.
Out of a little pine box which contained our telegraphic instruments, Viushin had improvised151 a rude, legless mess-table, which he was engaged in covering with cakes of hardbread, slices of raw bacon, and tumblers of steaming tea. These were the luxuries of civilisation, and beside them on the ground, in a long wooden trough and a huge bowl of the same material, were the corresponding delicacies152 of barbarism. As to their nature and composition we could, of course, give only a wild conjecture153; but the appetites of weary travellers are not very discriminating154, and we seated ourselves, like cross-legged Turks, on the ground, between the trough and the instrument-box, determined to prove our appreciation155 of Korak hospitality by eating everything which offered itself. The bowl with its strange-looking contents arrested, of course, the attention of the observant Dodd, and, poking it inquiringly with a long-handled spoon, he turned to Viushin, who, as chef-de-cuisine, was supposed to know all about it, and demanded:
"What's this you've got?"
"That?" answered Viushin, promptly156, "that's kasha" (hasty pudding made of rice).
"Kasha!" exclaimed Dodd, contemptuously. "It looks more like the stuff that the children of Israel made bricks of. They don't seem to have wanted for straw, either," he added, as he fished up several stems of dried grass. "What is it, anyhow?"
"That," said Viushin again, with a comical assumption of learning, "is
the celebrated157 'Jamuk chi a la Poosteretsk,' the national dish of the
Koraks, made from the original recipe of His High Excellency
Oollcot Ootkoo Minyegeetkin, Grand Hereditary158 Taiyon and Vwisokee
Prevoskhodeetelstvo—"
"Hold on!" exclaimed Dodd, with a deprecating gesture, "that's enough, I'll eat it"; and taking out a halfspoonful of the dark viscid mass, he put it to his lips.
"Well," said we expectantly, after a moment's pause, "what does it taste like?"
"Like the mud pies of infancy159!" he replied sententiously. "A little salt, pepper, and butter, and a good deal of meat and flour, with a few well selected vegetables, would probably improve it; but it isn't particularly bad as it is."
Upon the strength of this rather equivocal recommendation I tasted it. Aside from a peculiar earthy flavour, it had nothing about it which was either pleasant or disagreeable. Its qualities were all negative except its grassiness160, which alone gave character and consistency161 to the mass.
The mixture, known among the Koraks as manyalla, is eaten by all the Siberian tribes as a substitute for bread, and is the nearest approximation which native ingenuity162 can make to the staff of life. It is valued, we were told, more for its medicinal virtues163 than for any intrinsic excellence164 of taste, and our limited experience fully prepared us to believe the statement. Its original elements are clotted165 blood, tallow, and half-digested moss, taken from the stomach of the reindeer, where it is supposed to have undergone some essential change which fits it for second-hand166 consumption. These curious and heterogeneous167 ingredients are boiled up together with a few handfuls of dried grass to give the mixture consistency, and the dark mass is then moulded into small loaves and frozen for future use. Our host was evidently desirous of treating us with every civility, and, as a mark of especial consideration, bit off several choice morsels168 from the large cube of venison in his grimy hand, and taking them from his mouth, offered them to me. I waived169 graciously the implied compliment, and indicated Dodd as the proper recipient170 of such attentions; but the latter revenged himself by requesting an old woman to bring me some raw tallow, which he soberly assured her constituted my only food when at home. My indignant denials, in English were not, of course, understood; and the woman, delighted to find an American whose tastes corresponded so closely with her own, brought the tallow. I was a helpless victim, and I could only add this last offence to the long list of grievances171 which stood to Dodd's credit, and which I hoped some time to settle in full.
Supper, in the social economy of the Koraks, is emphatically the meal of the day. Around the kettle of manyalla, or the trough of reindeer meat; gather the men of the band, who during the hours of daylight have been absent, and who, between mouthfuls of meat or moss, discuss the simple subjects of thought which their isolated172 life affords. We availed ourselves of this opportunity to learn something of the tribes that inhabited the country to the northward173, the reception with which we should probably meet, and the mode of travel which we should be compelled to adopt.
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1
scent
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| n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉 | |
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2
blistering
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| adj.酷热的；猛烈的；使起疱的；可恶的v.起水疱；起气泡；使受暴晒n.[涂料] 起泡 | |
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3
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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4
robust
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| adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的 | |
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5
abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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6
amend
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| vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿 | |
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7
ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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sledges
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| n.雪橇，雪车( sledge的名词复数 )v.乘雪橇( sledge的第三人称单数 )；用雪橇运载 | |
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10
sledge
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| n.雪橇，大锤；v.用雪橇搬运，坐雪橇往 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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12
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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13
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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14
toiled
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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15
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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intensifying
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| v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的现在分词 )；增辉 | |
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larch
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| n.落叶松 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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thickets
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| n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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reindeer
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| n.驯鹿 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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deceptive
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| adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的 | |
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defile
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| v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道 | |
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spiked
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| adj.有穗的；成锥形的；有尖顶的 | |
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jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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avalanche
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| n.雪崩，大量涌来 | |
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apprises
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| v.告知，通知( apprise的第三人称单数 )；评价 | |
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longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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radius
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| n.半径，半径范围；有效航程，范围，界限 | |
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moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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33
pricked
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| 刺，扎，戳( prick的过去式和过去分词 )； 刺伤； 刺痛； 使剧痛 | |
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yelps
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| n.（因痛苦、气愤、兴奋等的）短而尖的叫声( yelp的名词复数 )v.发出短而尖的叫声( yelp的第三人称单数 ) | |
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35
gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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simultaneously
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| adv.同时发生地，同时进行地 | |
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tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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hurling
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| n.爱尔兰式曲棍球v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的现在分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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40
yelping
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| v.发出短而尖的叫声( yelp的现在分词 ) | |
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41
strenuous
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| adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的 | |
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42
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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43
doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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44
walrus
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| n.海象 | |
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45
clattering
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| 发出咔哒声（clatter的现在分词形式） | |
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46
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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47
hoofs
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| n.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的名词复数 )v.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的第三人称单数 ) | |
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48
hoarse
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| adj.嘶哑的，沙哑的 | |
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49
unintelligible
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| adj.无法了解的，难解的，莫明其妙的 | |
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50
pandemonium
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| n.喧嚣，大混乱 | |
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51
discordant
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| adj.不调和的 | |
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52
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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53
uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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54
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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55
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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56
sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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57
repented
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| 对（自己的所为）感到懊悔或忏悔( repent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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58
aggrieved
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| adj.愤愤不平的，受委屈的；悲痛的；（在合法权利方面）受侵害的v.令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式)；令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式和过去分词) | |
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59
rawhide
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| n.生牛皮 | |
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60
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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61
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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62
thong
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| n.皮带；皮鞭；v.装皮带 | |
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63
curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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64
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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65
metallic
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|
| adj.金属的；金属制的；含金属的；产金属的；像金属的 | |
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66
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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67
instinctively
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| adv.本能地 | |
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68
friendliness
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| n.友谊，亲切，亲密 | |
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69
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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70
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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71
athletic
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| adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的 | |
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72
spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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73
ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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74
strings
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| n.弦 | |
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75
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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76
tassels
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| n.穗( tassel的名词复数 )；流苏状物；（植物的）穗；玉蜀黍的穗状雄花v.抽穗， （玉米）长穗须( tassel的第三人称单数 )；使抽穗， （为了使作物茁壮生长）摘去穗状雄花；用流苏装饰 | |
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77
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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78
thigh
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| n.大腿；股骨 | |
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79
hoods
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| n.兜帽( hood的名词复数 )；头巾；（汽车、童车等的）折合式车篷；汽车发动机罩v.兜帽( hood的第三人称单数 )；头巾；（汽车、童车等的）折合式车篷；汽车发动机罩 | |
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80
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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81
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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82
feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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83
inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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84
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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85
thongs
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| 的东西 | |
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86
apex
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| n.顶点，最高点 | |
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87
cone
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| n.圆锥体，圆锥形东西，球果 | |
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88
gales
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| 龙猫 | |
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89
neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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90
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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91
civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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92
negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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93
amicable
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| adj.和平的，友好的；友善的 | |
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94
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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95
proficiency
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| n.精通，熟练，精练 | |
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96
persevering
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| a.坚忍不拔的 | |
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97
flexibility
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| n.柔韧性，弹性，（光的）折射性，灵活性 | |
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98
disappearance
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| n.消失，消散，失踪 | |
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99
warily
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| adv.留心地 | |
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100
snarl
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| v.吼叫，怒骂，纠缠，混乱；n.混乱，缠结，咆哮 | |
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101
apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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102
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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103
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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104
precipitately
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| adv.猛进地 | |
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105
crab
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| n.螃蟹，偏航，脾气乖戾的人，酸苹果；vi.捕蟹，偏航，发牢骚；vt.使偏航，发脾气 | |
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106
extricated
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| v.使摆脱困难，脱身( extricate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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107
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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108
imps
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| n.（故事中的）小恶魔( imp的名词复数 )；小魔鬼；小淘气；顽童 | |
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109
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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110
discomfiture
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| n.崩溃；大败；挫败；困惑 | |
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111
resinous
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| adj.树脂的，树脂质的，树脂制的 | |
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112
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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113
illuminating
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| a.富于启发性的，有助阐明的 | |
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114
glossy
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| adj.平滑的；有光泽的 | |
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115
flickering
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| adj.闪烁的，摇曳的，一闪一闪的 | |
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116
dingy
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| adj.昏暗的，肮脏的 | |
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117
tattooed
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| v.刺青，文身( tattoo的过去式和过去分词 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击 | |
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118
squatted
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的过去式和过去分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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119
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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120
questionable
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| adj.可疑的，有问题的 | |
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121
poking
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| n. 刺，戳，袋 vt. 拨开，刺，戳 vi. 戳，刺，捅，搜索，伸出，行动散慢 | |
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122
inquisitive
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| adj.求知欲强的，好奇的，好寻根究底的 | |
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123
stratum
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| n.地层，社会阶层 | |
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124
supremacy
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| n.至上；至高权力 | |
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125
accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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126
pungent
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| adj.（气味、味道）刺激性的，辛辣的；尖锐的 | |
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127
exclusion
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| n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行 | |
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128
sneer
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| v.轻蔑；嘲笑；n.嘲笑，讥讽的言语 | |
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129
circumference
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| n.圆周，周长，圆周线 | |
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130
pervades
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的第三人称单数 ) | |
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131
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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132
hygiene
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| n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic） | |
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133
physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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134
suffocation
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| n.窒息 | |
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135
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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136
watchful
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| adj.注意的，警惕的 | |
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137
diplomacy
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| n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕 | |
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138
advent
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| n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临 | |
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139
supervision
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| n.监督，管理 | |
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140
synchronous
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| adj.同步的 | |
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141
concurrence
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| n.同意；并发 | |
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142
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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143
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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144
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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145
diabolical
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| adj.恶魔似的，凶暴的 | |
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146
manifestation
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| n.表现形式；表明；现象 | |
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147
fabled
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| adj.寓言中的，虚构的 | |
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148
watchfulness
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| 警惕，留心； 警觉（性） | |
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149
scrutiny
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| n.详细检查，仔细观察 | |
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150
withdrawal
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| n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销 | |
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151
improvised
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| a.即席而作的,即兴的 | |
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152
delicacies
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| n.棘手( delicacy的名词复数 )；精致；精美的食物；周到 | |
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153
conjecture
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| n./v.推测，猜测 | |
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154
discriminating
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| a.有辨别能力的 | |
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155
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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156
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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157
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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158
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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159
infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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160
grassiness
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| n.草深，绿色，象草；牧草性 | |
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161
consistency
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| n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度 | |
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162
ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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163
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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164
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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165
clotted
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| adj.凝结的v.凝固( clot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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166
second-hand
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| adj.用过的，旧的，二手的 | |
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167
heterogeneous
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| adj.庞杂的；异类的 | |
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168
morsels
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| n.一口( morsel的名词复数 )；（尤指食物）小块，碎屑 | |
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169
waived
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| v.宣布放弃( waive的过去式和过去分词 )；搁置；推迟；放弃（权利、要求等） | |
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170
recipient
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| a.接受的,感受性强的 n.接受者,感受者,容器 | |
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171
grievances
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| n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚 | |
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172
isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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173
northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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