The Wandering Koraks of Kamchatka, who are divided into about forty different bands, roam over the great steppes in the northern part of the peninsula, between the 58th and the 63d parallels of latitude6. Their southern limit is the settlement of Tigil, on the west coast, where they come annually7 to trade, and they are rarely found north of the village of Penzhina, two hundred miles from the head of the Okhotsk Sea. Within these limits they wander almost constantly with their great herds9 of reindeer, and so unsettled and restless are they in their habits, that they seldom camp longer than a week in any one place. This, however, is not attributable altogether to restlessness or love of change. A herd8 of four or five thousand reindeer will in a very few days paw up the snow and eat all the moss10 within a radius11 of a mile from the encampment, and then, of course, the band must move to fresh pasture ground. Their nomadic12 life, therefore, is not entirely13 a choice, but partly a necessity, growing out of their dependence1 upon the reindeer. They must wander or their deer will starve, and then their own starvation follows as a natural consequence. Their unsettled mode of life probably grew, in the first place, out of the domestication14 of the reindeer, and the necessity which it involved of consulting first the reindeer's wants; but the restless, vagabondish habits thus produced have now become a part of the Korak's very nature, so that he could hardly live in any other way, even had he an opportunity of so doing. This wandering, isolated15, independent existence has given to the Koraks all those characteristic traits of boldness, impatience17 of restraint, and perfect self-reliance, which distinguish them from the Kamchadals and the other settled inhabitants of Siberia. Give them a small herd of reindeer, and a moss steppe to wander over, and they ask nothing more from all the world. They are wholly independent of civilisation18 and government, and will neither submit to their laws nor recognise their distinctions. Every man is a law unto himself so long as he owns a dozen reindeer; and he can isolate16 himself, if he so chooses, from all human kind, and ignore all other interests but his own and his reindeer's. For the sake of convenience and society they associate themselves in bands of six or eight families each; but these bands are held together only by mutual19 consent, and recognise no governing head. They have a leader called a taiyón who is generally the largest deer-owner of the band, and he decides all such questions as the location of camps and time of removal from place to place; but he has no other power, and must refer all graver questions of individual rights and general obligations to the members of the band collectively. They have no particular reverence20 for anything or anybody except the evil spirits who bring calamities21 upon them, and the "shamáns" or priests, who act as infernal mediators between these devils and their victims. Earthly rank they treat with contempt, and the Tsar of all the Russias, if he entered a Korak tent, would stand upon the same level with its owner. We had an amusing instance of this soon after we met the first Koraks. The Major had become impressed in some way with the idea that in order to get what he wanted from these natives he must impress them with a proper sense of his power, rank, wealth, and general importance in the world, and make them feel a certain degree of reverence and respect for his orders and wishes. He accordingly called one of the oldest and most influential22 members of the band to him one day, and proceeded to tell him, through an interpreter, how rich he was; what immense resources, in the way of rewards and punishments, he possessed23; what high rank he held; how important a place he filled in Russia, and how becoming it was that an individual of such exalted24 attributes should be treated by poor wandering heathen with filial reverence and veneration25. The old Korak, squatting26 upon his heels on the ground, listened quietly to the enumeration27 of all our leader's admirable qualities and perfections without moving a muscle of his face; but finally, when the interpreter had finished, he rose slowly, walked up to the Major with imperturbable28 gravity, and with the most benignant and patronising condescension29, patted him softly on the head! The Major turned red and broke into a laugh; but he never tried again to overawe a Korak.
Notwithstanding this democratic independence of the Koraks, they are almost invariably hospitable32, obliging, and kind-hearted; and we were assured at the first encampment where we stopped, that we should have no difficulty in getting the different bands to carry us on deer-sledges34 from one encampment to another until we should reach the head of Penzhinsk Gulf35. After a long conversation with the Koraks who crowded around us as we sat by the fire, we finally became tired and sleepy, and with favourable36 impressions, upon the whole, of this new and strange people, we crawled into our little polog to sleep. A voice in another part of the yurt was singing a low, melancholy37 air in a minor38 key as I closed my eyes, and the sad, oft-repeated refrain, so different from ordinary music, invested with peculiar39 loneliness and strangeness my first night in a Korak tent.
To be awakened40 in the morning by a paroxysm of coughing, caused by the thick, acrid41 smoke of a low-spirited fire—to crawl out of a skin bedroom six feet square into the yet denser42 and smokier atmosphere of the tent—to eat a breakfast of dried fish, frozen tallow, and venison out of a dirty wooden trough, with an ill-conditioned dog standing31 at each elbow and disputing one's right to every mouthful, is to enjoy an experience which only Korak life can afford, and which only Korak insensibility can long endure. A very sanguine44 temperament45 may find in its novelty some compensation for its discomfort46, but the novelty rarely outlasts47 the second day, while the discomfort seems to increase in a direct ratio with the length of the experience. Philosophers may assert that a rightly constituted mind will rise superior to all outward circumstances; but two weeks in a Korak tent would do more to disabuse48 their minds of such an erroneous impression than any amount of logical argument. I do not myself profess49 to be preternaturally cheerful, and the dismal50 aspect of things when I crawled out of my fur sleeping-bag, on the morning after our arrival at the first encampment, made me feel anything but amiable51. The first beams of daylight were just struggling in misty52 blue lines through the smoky atmosphere of the tent. The recently kindled53 fire would not burn but would smoke; the air was cold and cheerless; two babies were crying in a neighbouring polog; the breakfast was not ready, everybody was cross, and rather than break the harmonious54 impression of general misery55, I became cross also. Three or four cups of hot tea, however, which were soon forthcoming, exerted their usual inspiriting influence, and we began gradually to take a more cheerful view of the situation. Summoning the taiyón, and quickening his dull apprehension56 with a preliminary pipe of strong Circassian tobacco, we succeeded in making arrangements for our transportation to the next Korak encampment in the north, a distance of about forty miles. Orders were at once given for the capture of twenty reindeer and the preparation of sledges. Snatching hurriedly a few bites of hardbread and bacon by way of breakfast, I donned fur hood57 and mittens58, and crawled out through the low doorway59 to see how twenty trained deer were to be separated from a herd of four thousand wild ones.
[Illustration: TENTS AND REINDEER OF THE WANDERING KORAKS]
Surrounding the tent in every direction were the deer belonging to the band, some pawing up the snow with their sharp hoofs60 in search of moss, others clashing their antlers together and barking hoarsely61 in fight, or chasing one another in a mad gallop62 over the steppe. Near the tent a dozen men with lassos arranged themselves in two parallel lines, while twenty more, with a thong63 of sealskin two or three hundred yards in length, encircled a portion of the great herd, and with shouts and waving lassos began driving it through the narrow gantlet. The deer strove with frightened bounds to escape from the gradually contracting circle, but the sealskin cord, held at short distances by shouting natives, invariably turned them back, and they streamed in a struggling, leaping throng64 through the narrow opening between the lines of lassoers. Ever and anon a long cord uncoiled itself in air, and a sliding noose65 fell over the antlers of some unlucky deer whose slit66 ears marked him as trained, but whose tremendous leaps and frantic67 efforts to escape suggested very grave doubts as to the extent of the training. To prevent the interference and knocking together of the deer's antlers when they should be harnessed in couples, one horn was relentlessly68 chopped off close to the head by a native armed with a heavy sword-like knife, leaving a red ghastly stump69 from which the blood trickled70 in little streams over the animal's ears. They were then harnessed to sledges in couples, by a collar and trace passing between the forelegs; lines were affixed71 to small sharp studs in the headstall, which pricked72 the right or left side of the head when the corresponding rein3 was jerked, and the equipage was ready.
Bidding good-by to the Lesnoi Kamchadals, who returned from here, we muffled73 ourselves from the biting air in our heaviest furs, took seats on our respective sledges, and at a laconic74 "tok" (go) from the taiyón we were off; the little cluster of tents looking like a group of conical islands behind us as we swept out upon the limitless ocean of the snowy steppe. Noticing that I shivered a little in the keen air, my driver pointed75 away to the northward76, and exclaimed with a pantomimic shrug77, "Tam shipka kholodno"—"There it's awful cold." We needed not to be informed of the fact; the rapidly sinking thermometer indicated our approach to the regions of perpetual frost, and I looked forward with no little apprehension to the prospect78 of sleeping outdoors in the arctic temperatures of which I had read, but which I had never yet experienced.
This was my first trial of reindeer travel, and I was a little disappointed to find that it did not quite realise the expectations that had been excited in my boyish days by the pictures of galloping79 Lapland deer in the old geographies. The reindeer were there, but they were not the ideal reindeer of early fancy, and I felt a vague sense of personal injury and unjustifiable deception80 at the substitution of these awkward, ungainly beasts for the spirited and fleet-footed animals of my boyish imagination. Their trot81 was awkward and heavy, they carried their heads low, and their panting breaths and gaping82 mouths were constantly suggestive of complete exhaustion83, and excited pity for their apparently84 laborious85 exertions86, rather than admiration87 for the speed which they really did exhibit. My ideal reindeer would never have demeaned himself by running with his mouth wide open. When I learned, as I afterward88 did, that they were compelled to breathe through their mouths, on account of the rapid accumulation of frost in their nostrils89, it relieved my apprehensions90 of their breaking down, but did not alter my firm conviction that my ideal reindeer was infinitely91 superior in an aesthetic92 point of view to the real animal. I could not but admit, however, the inestimable value of the reindeer to his wandering owners. Besides carrying them from place to place, he furnishes them with clothes, food, and covering for their tents; his antlers are made into rude implements93 of all sorts; his sinews are dried and pounded into thread, his bones are soaked in seal oil and burned for fuel, his entrails are cleaned, filled with tallow, and eaten; his blood, mixed with the contents of his stomach, is made into manyalla; his marrow94 and tongue are considered the greatest of delicacies95; the stiff, bristly skin of his legs is used to cover snow-shoes; and finally his whole body, sacrificed to the Korak gods, brings down upon his owners all the spiritual and temporal blessings96 which they need. It would be hard to find another animal which fills so important a place in the life of any body of men, as the reindeer does in the life and domestic economy of the Siberian Koraks. I cannot now think of one which furnishes even the four prime requisites97 of food, clothing, shelter, and transportation. It is a singular fact, however, that the Siberian natives—the only people, so far as I know, who have ever domesticated98 the reindeer, except the Laps—do not use in any way the animal's milk. Why so important and desirable an article of food should be neglected, when every other part of the deer's body is turned to some useful account, I cannot imagine. It is certain, however, that no one of the four great wandering tribes of north-eastern Siberia, Koraks, Chukchis, Tunguses, and Lamutkis, uses in any way the reindeer's milk.
By two o'clock in the afternoon it began to grow dark, but we estimated that we had accomplished99 at least half of our day's journey, and halted for a few moments to allow our deer to eat. The last half of the distance seemed interminable. The moon rose round and bright as the shield of Achilles, and lighted up the vast, lonely tundra100 with noonday brilliancy; but the silence and desolation, the absence of any dark object upon which the fatigued101 eye could rest, and the apparently boundless102 extent of this Dead Sea of snow, oppressed us with new and strange sensations of awe30. A dense43 mist or steam, which is an unfailing indication of intense cold, rose from the bodies of the reindeer and hung over the road long after we had passed. Beards became tangled103 masses of frozen iron wire; eyelids104 grew heavy with white rims105 of frost and froze together when we winked106; noses assumed a white, waxen appearance with every incautious exposure, and only by frequently running beside our sledges could we keep any "feeling" in our feet. Impelled107 by hunger and cold, we repeated twenty times the despairing question, "How much farther is it?" and twenty times we received the stereotyped108 but indefinite answer of "cheimuk," near, or occasionally the encouraging assurance that we would arrive in a minute. Now we knew very well that we should not arrive in a minute, nor probably in forty minutes; but it afforded temporary relief to be told that we would. My frequent inquiries109 finally spurred my driver into an attempt to express the distance arithmetically, and with evident pride in his ability to speak Russian, he assured me that it was only "dva verst," or two versts more. I brightened up at once with anticipations110 of a warm fire and an infinite number of cups of hot tea, and by imagining prospective111 comfort, succeeded in forgetting the present sense of suffering. At the expiration112, however, of three-quarters of an hour, seeing no indication of the promised encampment, I asked once more if it were much farther away. One Korak looked around over the steppe with a well assumed air of seeking some landmark113, and then turning to me with a confident nod, repeated the word "verst" and held up four fingers! I sank back upon my sledge33 in despair. If we had been three-quarters of an hour in losing two versts, how long would be we in losing versts enough to get back to the place from which we started. It was a discouraging problem, and after several unsuccessful attempts to solve it by the double rule of three backwards114, I gave it up. For the benefit of the future traveller, I give, however, a few native expressions for distances, with their numerical equivalents: "cheimuk"—near, twenty versts; "bolshe nyet"—there is no more, fifteen versts; "sey chas priyédem"—we will arrive this minute, means any time in the course of the day or night; and "dailóko"—far, is a week's journey. By bearing in mind these simple values, the traveller will avoid much bitter disappointment, and may get through without entirely losing faith in human veracity115. About six o'clock in the evening, tired, hungry, and half-frozen, we caught sight of the sparks and fire-lit smoke which arose from the tents of the second encampment, and amid a general barking of dogs and hallooing of men we stopped among them. Jumping hurriedly from my sledge, with no thought but that of getting to a fire, I crawled into the first hole which presented itself, with a firm belief, founded on the previous night's experience, that it must be a door. After groping about some time in the dark, crawling over two dead reindeer and a heap of dried fish, I was obliged to shout for assistance. Great was the astonishment116 of the proprietor117, who came to the rescue with a torch, to find a white man and a stranger crawling around aimlessly in his fish storehouse. He relieved his feelings with a ty-e-e-e of amazement118, and led the way, or rather crawled away, to the interior of the tent, where I found the Major endeavouring with a dull Korak knife to cut his frozen beard loose from his fur hood and open communication with his mouth through a sheet of ice and hair. The teakettle was soon simmering and spouting119 over a brisk fire, beards were thawed120 out, noses examined for signs of frost-bites, and in half an hour we were seated comfortably on the ground around a candle-box, drinking tea and discussing the events of the day.
Just as Viushin was filling up our cups for the third time, the skin curtain of the low doorway at our side was lifted up, and the most extraordinary figure which I ever beheld121 in Kamchatka crawled silently in, straightened up to its full height of six feet, and stood majestically122 before us. It was an ugly, dark-featured man about thirty years of age. He was clothed in a scarlet123 dress-coat with blue facings and brass buttons, with long festoons of gold cord hung across the breast, trousers of black, greasy124 deerskin, and fur boots. His hair was closely shaven from the crown of his head, leaving a long fringe of lank125, uneven126 locks hanging about his ears and forehead. Long strings127 of small coloured beads128 depended from his ears, and over one of them he had plastered for future use a huge quid of masticated129 tobacco. About his waist was tied a ragged130 sealskin thong, which supported a magnificent silver-hilted sword and embossed scabbard. His smoky, unmistakably Korak face, shaven head, scarlet coat, greasy skin trousers, gold cord, sealskin belt, silver-hilted sword, and fur boots, made up such a remarkable131 combination of glaring contrasts that we could do nothing for a moment but stare at him in utter amazement. He reminded me of "Talipot, the Immortal132 Potentate133 of Manacabo, Messenger of the Morning, Enlightener of the Sun, Possessor of the Whole Earth, and Mighty134 Monarch of the Brass-handled Sword."
"Who are you?" suddenly demanded the Major, in Russian. A low bow was the only response. "Where in the name of Chort did you come from?" Another bow. "Where did you get that coat? Can't you say something? Ay! Meranef! Come and talk to this—fellow, I can't make him say anything." Dodd suggested that he might be a messenger from the expedition of Sir John Franklin, with late advices from the Pole and the North-west Passage, and the silent owner of the sword bowed affirmatively, as if this were the true solution of the mystery. "Are you a pickled cabbage?" suddenly inquired Dodd in Russian. The Unknown intimated by a very emphatic135 bow that he was. "He doesn't understand anything!" said Dodd in disgust; "where's Meranef?" Meranef soon made his appearance, and began questioning the mysterious visitor in a scarlet coat as to his residence, name, and previous history. For the first time he now found a voice. "What does he say?" asked the Major; "what's his name?"
"He says his name is Khanálpooginuk."
"Where did he get that coat and sword?"
"He says 'the Great White Chief' gave it to him for a dead reindeer." This was not very satisfactory, and Meranef was instructed to get some more intelligible136 information. Who the "Great White Chief" might be, and why he should give a scarlet coat and a silver-hilted sword for a dead reindeer, were questions beyond our ability to solve. Finally, Meranef's puzzled face cleared up, and he told us that the coat and sword had been presented to the Unknown by the Emperor, as a reward for reindeer given to the starving Russians of Kamchatka during a famine. The Korak was asked if he had received no paper with these gifts, and he immediately left the tent, and returned in a moment with a sheet of paper tied up carefully with reindeer's sinews between a couple of thin boards. This paper explained everything. The coat and sword had been given to the present owner's father, during the reign137 of Alexander I., by the Russian Governor of Kamchatka as a reward for succour afforded the Russians in a famine. From the father they had descended138 to the son, and the latter, proud of his inherited distinction, had presented himself to us as soon as he heard of our arrival. He wanted nothing in particular except to show himself, and after examining his sword, which was really a magnificent weapon, we gave him a few bunches of tobacco and dismissed him. We had hardly expected to find in the interior of Kamchatka any relics139 of Alexander I., dating back to the time of Napoleon.
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1
dependence
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| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
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reindeer
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| n.驯鹿 | |
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rein
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| n.疆绳，统治，支配；vt.以僵绳控制，统治 | |
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4
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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radius
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| n.半径，半径范围；有效航程，范围，界限 | |
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nomadic
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| adj.流浪的；游牧的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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domestication
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| n.驯养，驯化 | |
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isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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isolate
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| vt.使孤立，隔离 | |
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impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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calamities
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| n.灾祸，灾难( calamity的名词复数 )；不幸之事 | |
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influential
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| adj.有影响的，有权势的 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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veneration
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| n.尊敬，崇拜 | |
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squatting
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的现在分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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enumeration
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| n.计数，列举；细目；详表；点查 | |
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imperturbable
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| adj.镇静的 | |
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condescension
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| n.自以为高人一等，贬低(别人) | |
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awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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sledge
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| n.雪橇，大锤；v.用雪橇搬运，坐雪橇往 | |
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sledges
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| n.雪橇，雪车( sledge的名词复数 )v.乘雪橇( sledge的第三人称单数 )；用雪橇运载 | |
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gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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40
awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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acrid
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| adj.辛辣的，尖刻的，刻薄的 | |
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denser
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| adj. 不易看透的, 密集的, 浓厚的, 愚钝的 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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44
sanguine
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| adj.充满希望的，乐观的，血红色的 | |
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45
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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discomfort
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| n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便 | |
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47
outlasts
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| v.比…长久，比…活得长( outlast的第三人称单数 ) | |
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48
disabuse
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| v.解惑；矫正 | |
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49
profess
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| v.声称，冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰 | |
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dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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51
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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52
misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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53
kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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54
harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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55
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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56
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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57
hood
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| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
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58
mittens
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| 不分指手套 | |
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59
doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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60
hoofs
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| n.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的名词复数 )v.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的第三人称单数 ) | |
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61
hoarsely
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| adv.嘶哑地 | |
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62
gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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63
thong
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| n.皮带；皮鞭；v.装皮带 | |
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64
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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65
noose
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| n.绳套，绞索（刑）；v.用套索捉；使落入圈套；处以绞刑 | |
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66
slit
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| n.狭长的切口；裂缝；vt.切开，撕裂 | |
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67
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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68
relentlessly
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| adv.不屈不挠地；残酷地；不间断 | |
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69
stump
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| n.残株，烟蒂，讲演台；v.砍断，蹒跚而走 | |
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70
trickled
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| v.滴( trickle的过去式和过去分词 )；淌；使)慢慢走；缓慢移动 | |
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71
affixed
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| adj.[医]附着的，附着的v.附加( affix的过去式和过去分词 )；粘贴；加以；盖（印章） | |
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72
pricked
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| 刺，扎，戳( prick的过去式和过去分词 )； 刺伤； 刺痛； 使剧痛 | |
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73
muffled
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| adj.（声音）被隔的；听不太清的；（衣服）裹严的；蒙住的v.压抑，捂住( muffle的过去式和过去分词 )；用厚厚的衣帽包着（自己） | |
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74
laconic
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| adj.简洁的；精练的 | |
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75
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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76
northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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77
shrug
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| v.耸肩(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等) | |
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78
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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79
galloping
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| adj. 飞驰的, 急性的 动词gallop的现在分词形式 | |
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80
deception
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| n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计 | |
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81
trot
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| n.疾走，慢跑；n.老太婆；现成译本；(复数）trots:腹泻（与the 连用）；v.小跑，快步走，赶紧 | |
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82
gaping
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| adj.口的；张口的；敞口的；多洞穴的v.目瞪口呆地凝视( gape的现在分词 )；张开，张大 | |
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83
exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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84
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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85
laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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86
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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87
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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88
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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89
nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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90
apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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91
infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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92
aesthetic
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| adj.美学的，审美的，有美感 | |
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93
implements
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| n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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94
marrow
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| n.骨髓；精华；活力 | |
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95
delicacies
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| n.棘手( delicacy的名词复数 )；精致；精美的食物；周到 | |
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96
blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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97
requisites
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| n.必要的事物( requisite的名词复数 ) | |
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98
domesticated
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| adj.喜欢家庭生活的；（指动物）被驯养了的v.驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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99
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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100
tundra
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| n.苔原，冻土地带 | |
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101
fatigued
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| adj. 疲乏的 | |
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102
boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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103
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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104
eyelids
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| n.眼睑( eyelid的名词复数 )；眼睛也不眨一下；不露声色；面不改色 | |
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105
rims
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| n.（圆形物体的）边( rim的名词复数 )；缘；轮辋；轮圈 | |
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106
winked
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| v.使眼色( wink的过去式和过去分词 )；递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）；（指光）闪烁；闪亮 | |
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107
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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108
stereotyped
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| adj.(指形象、思想、人物等)模式化的 | |
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109
inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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110
anticipations
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| 预期( anticipation的名词复数 )； 预测； （信托财产收益的）预支； 预期的事物 | |
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111
prospective
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| adj.预期的，未来的，前瞻性的 | |
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112
expiration
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| n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物 | |
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113
landmark
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| n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标 | |
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114
backwards
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| adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地 | |
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115
veracity
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| n.诚实 | |
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116
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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117
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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118
amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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119
spouting
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| n.水落管系统v.（指液体）喷出( spout的现在分词 )；滔滔不绝地讲；喋喋不休地说；喷水 | |
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120
thawed
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| 解冻 | |
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121
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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122
majestically
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| 雄伟地； 庄重地； 威严地； 崇高地 | |
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123
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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124
greasy
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| adj. 多脂的，油脂的 | |
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125
lank
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| adj.瘦削的；稀疏的 | |
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126
uneven
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| adj.不平坦的，不规则的，不均匀的 | |
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127
strings
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| n.弦 | |
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128
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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129
masticated
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| v.咀嚼( masticate的过去式和过去分词 )；粉碎，磨烂 | |
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130
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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131
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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132
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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133
potentate
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| n.统治者；君主 | |
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134
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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135
emphatic
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| adj.强调的，着重的；无可置疑的，明显的 | |
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136
intelligible
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| adj.可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的 | |
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137
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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138
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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139
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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