The secret discontent of the man who believed himself sole founder1 of the German Empire.
When the Kaiser, on that eventful day in March, 1890, turned and told the old man to go, Bismarck received the heart-breaking sentence without a sign of protest.
To a friend who called he told the news in a calm voice, a smile on his lips, congratulating himself on being able to resume his country life, of which he was so fond, of visiting again the forests on his estates, and “belonging to himself” in the few years that were yet left.
“I’ll soon be gone,” he said, “and it is time I should take a rest.”
The story is long and complex, but we will give you the large details, only. The day comes when Bismarck’s old friend, Emperor William I, passes from this earthly scene; his son, Frederick III, reigns3 three months and is carried off by cancer of the throat. The doom5 of Bismarck is now sealed! Emperor William I was the firm foundation of Bismarck’s strength, but the son did not like the Iron Chancellor6, and within the three brief months of power before death called, Frederick III let it be known that Bismarck was marked for retirement7. Frederick’s one act leveled against the Bismarck family-dynasty was to dismiss von Puttkammer, Minister of the Interior.
Now enters William II, aged8 29, a mighty9 man in the making, a sleepless10 man, one who in his time was to become the standard by which henceforth all German institutions are to[236] be measured. His first address to the army; his second, to the navy; his third, three days later, to the citizens.
Did he not ask old von Moltke to resignYes, and others. It was not, as many historians set up, that Emperor William II was jealous of Bismarck, nor was it a case of “crabbed12 age and youth cannot live together.”
The Emperor, with firm feeling in his will to Imperial power, wishes to develop Germany along lines of world-wide importance. Bismarck was of the past; William of the future. The blow fell March 28th, 1890.
The world gave a gasp13 of astonishment14; it seemed impossible that Bismarck, the master-mind of United Germany, should be unceremoniously shuffled15 out of sight.
Political writers the world around become involved in spirited controversies16, on the whole supporting the old man and denouncing what seemed like ingratitude17 on the part of the new Emperor. It was pointed19 out that Bismarck himself, speaking to the Czar, had only a short time before declared, “I hope to die in office, always a good friend of Russia.” Also that William II had on New Year’s telegraphed to Bismarck, “That I may long be permitted to work with you, for the welfare and greatness of the Fatherland!”
If Bismarck was not made by a King’s breath, at least a breath destroyed Bismarck’s control of the situation.
Bismarck had long ruled the lives of millions; but when Wm. II snapped his fingers and said “Finis!” the old Chancellor had to go. The loss of Bismarck’s influence was as complete as though instead of being the foremost man of his time in the diplomatic world, he was instead only a clerk discharged by his superior.
In listing the elements on which Bismarck builded there is always one often overlooked, yet at the very foundation, the bottom stone in the wall. That one was the favorable attitude of King William I. Without the King’s consent, Bismarck’s career would have been impossible! Herein, we find[237] a classic illustration of how interdependent are men’s lives; what small causes sustain or defeat great careers.
But first we wish to tell you something of his honors during the past few years, also of the munificent20 patronage21 of the Kaiser, going far to refute the libel that the Kaiser was ungrateful. The patient Kaiser in truth dealt nobly with the moody22 old man.
On the old man’s 70th birthday (1885), the people of Germany offered a gift of $1,350,000, one-half of which Bismarck used to repurchase the ancestral estate, Schoenhausen, which he had sold in his impecunious23 years; and now, thanks to the gratitude18 of the German nation, the old place, mightily24 enlarged and improved, passed again into Bismarck’s hands.
The other half of the $1,350,000 Bismarck set aside as an endowment fund for school teachers.
Even Victor Hugo added his hero-worship, in this curious letter: “The giant salutes25 the giant! The enemy salutes the enemy! The friend sends the greeting of a friend!
“I hate you, cruelly, for you have humiliated26 France; I love you because I am greater than you.
“You kept silence when my eighty years sounded from the belfry of my glory; but I speak now because the stolen clock which stands upon your desk, refuses to announce to you that your 70th birthday has come.
“If you and I were united in one person, the history of the world would have been ended.... But you are great because you know not what fear is. Therefore, I, the poet, offer my hand to you, the great man.”
The Prince, thunderstruck, wrote in reply two words, “Otto—Adieu!”
Nor was this all. The Pope bestowed27 upon Bismarck the Order of Christ, for ameliorating the last of certain hard conditions against the Church, dating from the culture-struggle of years gone by.
In 1871, Emperor William I had invested Bismarck with the hereditary28 dignity of Prince, and William II conferred[238] on Bismarck, at the time of dismissal (1890), the title Duke of Lauenburg, together with a larger share of the Duchy of Lauenburg, an estate on which the Emperor expended29 $1,000,000.
The old man’s income was now said to be in excess of $100,000 a year; in addition he received unnumbered gifts of a princely nature, as well as priceless tokens of sentimental30 esteem31, from patriotic32 Germans the world around.
It was a relief to Bismarck, in his old age, to know that his family would be rich and famous. He had been deeply engrossed33 in politics for years, and all his ambitions had been exhausted34 on his beloved Germany; he not only had no time to make money, but was heavily in debt; his interest account, for loans, was said to have been, for many years, $30,000 per annum.
How he managed to keep his head above water (with all the distractions35 of statesmanship, to say nothing of the burdens of three great wars, and the embarrassments36 of his private finances) shows the man’s iron constitution as well as his sagacity in practical affairs.
In all, Bismarck received forty-eight orders of distinction, at the hands of monarchs37; also a long list of university degrees, medals and golden keys bestowing38 the freedom of German cities.
The immediate39 cause of Bismarck’s dismissal had to do with an old “Order in Council,” 1852, to the effect that the Prime Minister, as head of the Prussian Cabinet, had autocratic powers.
This order the Kaiser now abruptly40 countermanded41. The decision was made following an interview between Bismarck and Dr. Windhorst, at Bismarck’s house.
William II did not much like this political jockeying on the part of Bismarck; Windhorst was an enemy of the established order; therefore, that the Prussian Chancellor should hold a secret caucus42 with a politician objectionable to the Emperor created a crisis.
The Kaiser, who lived in a wire-hung whispering gallery,[239] knew at once that Bismarck and Windhorst had been in conference; and early on the day following, William abruptly appeared at Bismarck’s and asked to see the Chancellor.
Bismarck came down in morning gown and slippers43, for he had been summoned from his bed!
“What is the meaning of this Windhorst interview?” inquired the Kaiser sharply.
Bismarck replied with spirit. The breach44 widened. Bismarck took the ground that it was none of the Kaiser’s business who called at the Bismarck house.
The Kaiser then insisted that in the future he should be notified in advance of prospective45 political interviews, that, if he so desired, he might send a personal representative, to report the drift of the talk.
This made Bismarck furious; the old man rebelled, flatly!
It was a sharp, short, painful scene; by no means a ceremonious discussion of constitutional prerogatives46, or the amicable47 rearrangement of methods of transacting48 state business. Instead, it was the parting of the ways, the breaking of old ties;—and after all these long years!
“Then I understand, Your Majesty49, that I am in your way?”
“Yes!”
“Enough!”
“Haste!” rejoined the Kaiser; and thus, in few words, the celebrated50 interview came to an end.
In parting with the Chancellor, the Kaiser made Bismarck Prince of Lauenburg and gave him a very valuable country estate, and added also the rank of Field Marshal. The princes of Germany joined in good wishes for the old man’s peace and happiness, for his declining days.
Peace and happiness—what a satire51!
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And Bismarck was intensely human! “Who made United Germany?” is his question.
The women of his household did not take the news quietly.
The imperial messenger arrived with the Kaiser’s portrait,[240] as a farewell souvenir to Prince Bismarck. His wife exclaimed: “Take it to Friedrichsruh and let it be placed in the stable!”
At the depot52, a great crowd came to see the old man depart for the country, but the Kaiser was not there.
Bismarck’s hoary53 age, his great dignity, his known services to Germany, were now dear to the heart of Germans; thousands gathered, in spontaneous farewell, crowding around the old man and kissing his hand.
Now let us face the facts.
To a man of Bismarck’s iron mold, the exercise of power is the breath of life; this made it a tragedy for the aged Bismarck to withdraw.
It was but natural for him, as time passed and his ambition grew, that he should believe himself the sole founder of the German Empire. His constant utterances54 after his downfall bear out this idea. The composite victory of scores of minds merged56 in his imagination and now crystallized in his own soul victory. Such is human nature, and so we say “Wellington won the Battle of Waterloo,” but is this strictly57 trueTrue or false, such is human habit of thought, and Bismarck was also now shown to be human enough to claim it all for himself.
The story of Wolsey over again; our old counsellor of state thrown off in his declining years; and we can almost hear Bismarck in his great bitterness repeat the tragic58 words:
Had I but serv’d my God with half the zeal59 I serv’d my King, he would not in my age Have left me naked to mine enemies!
Bismarck’s further official presence was irksome to the new master. With the iron decision characteristic of Hohenzollern, William II ended the situation, with a stroke of his imperial will. In this attitude William not only acted wisely, but showed himself every inch a Kaiser.[241]
Besides, Bismarck was plotting in a very human way to support and advance the rising fortunes of the Bismarck family. Would you not have done as much, or even more?
In his princely office, Bismarck thought to found a diplomatic dynasty of his own, wherein the servant becomes the master; he made his son, young Count Herbert, Minister of Foreign Affairs, a rise in life prodigiously60 fast for one who used to fill the function of holding his father’s dispatch bag in the Parliament, when the old man made speeches, supported by incessant61 drinking of brandy.
Bismarck, himself, was Chancellor, Minister-President, Foreign Minister; his cousin, Minister of the Interior; and there were many other Bismarcks in state service, trained to know the old man’s policy. Constructive62 governmental work was all in Bismarck’s power;—and he meant to keep it there.
These many acts of family favoritism, arousing the indignation of the new Emperor, played an important part in determining the old man’s dismissal. The King was offended by Bismarck’s many acts of nepotism63, “the greatest,” he secretly declared, “which politics have ever recorded.”
A high official said to Bismarck after Koeniggraetz: “You should be well satisfied;—it made you a Prince!”
“It made me a Prince,” mused64 Bismarck, with a sudden and unaccountable show of irony65. Then, pointing to the map of United Germany, he replied with deep-rooted conviction that revealed how the fires of ambition were consuming his very soul: “A Prince, did you sayYes, there is my principality!”
From that hour, the suspicious and irrascible side of Bismarck’s mind continued to expand. Some of us quarrel with our family, our partners, or our political party, asking who was responsible for the disaster, but the most deadly disputes are those called forth11 by ambition to decide not who was responsible for the loss, but who made the success.
Small cause; great effect.
And Bismarck was intensely human!
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The elements of his greatness number three—Here read two, but the third and greatest is yet to come.
Now you ought to begin to understand the man in his naked reality; his elements of greatness compounded with crying frailties66—but his very faults endear him to us the more, because they show him brother to the weak.
Threefold a great man, great in ambition and courage; greater in compelling victory through years of patient and moody planning; but greatest of all in his downfall, when turning his back upon the blaze of glory, he retires to the country to view the mighty forests, and to take long walks with his dogs over the fields, communing with himself, the winds of heaven, and the immortal67 stars.
His time is now very short; the sands have all but run out of the glass. For the first time in many, many years, he now belongs to himself once more—on the very edge of the tomb—before the sun is to go out forever—and the long night settles down.
Does he still believe in his old ikonIn the secret chamber68 of his heart does he still believe that God was behind it all, on the side of the needle-guns of Sadowa?
The justifications69 of earth ofttimes betray themselves in strange superstitions70, and there always was a large strain of superstition71 compounded in the great mind of this great man; not unlike the superstitions of a brother conqueror72, Julius C?sar, who was wont73 to crawl on his belly74 to the Temple, there to return thanks to the immortal gods for success in battle.
To his dying day, Otto von Bismarck held fast that he was the instrument of God, and that God did it all, through him. Flesh and blood needs some explanation for its ways—and it may be that one interpretation75 is on the whole as good as another. With Bismarck the ikon was God.
On his part, as a human being, for many years Bismarck nursed his seemingly impossible dream of expelling Austria[243] from the German states and binding77 up thirty-nine principalities in one grand Empire. This ambition he pursued incessantly78, and ultimately succeeded in reaching by his genius in manipulating the human nature side of the men around him. He worked for himself, for his King and for his ideal of a United Germany. He gave to the seemingly hopeless cause all his time, strength, nay79, his very soul.
His was also now the secret discontent of a man who thought himself the sole founder of the German Empire. It was so understood by Kaiser William. For the time being, then, the patient Kaiser, averse80 to wounding the pride of a true German servant of the Empire, permitted the overleaping ambition of his great Minister of State to have sway; but William knew that, soon or late, the break must come; and in his own mind had already decided81 on the man who was to take Bismarck’s place.
Little by little threats came; men in high office secretly inveighed83 against Bismarck’s new ambitions; it did not escape the attention of the Emperor’s intriguers, who now worked against the old man’s family aspirations84; then came more resolute85 attitudes on Bismarck’s part, egged on by his wife and by his son, who each had grown prodigiously ambitious.
Enter General Caprivi!
Before the will of the Kaiser, Bismarck must bow; and now behold86 how the mighty has fallen! We must henceforth seek him not in the splendid halls of state, but among simple rural scenes in Schoenhausen, where he was born, where he lived as a child; and to these quiet shades under the oaks and elms he now returns at the last remove of life; a broken, world-weary man, full of honors it is true, but by the irony of fate come back to die stripped of worldly grandeur87, and to ponder the vanity of all earthly ambitions.
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Bismarck inveighs88 against the ingratitude of kings—A fighter to the end.
Did he take kindly89 to his enforced retirementFar from it. With all the querulous impatience90 of an octogenarian, full of whims91, sick in soul and body, suspicious, irritable92, dying inch by inch, a prey93 to insomnia94, his neuralgic pains, his swollen95 veins96, in short, a crabbed old man, awaiting the call—behold now our great Otto von Bismarck, and mark well to what narrow limits his power has shrunk.
On one occasion he moodily97 replied to a question: “Who are the HohenzollernsMy family is as good as theirs!” And the old man meant it, every word of it.
He began bombarding the newspapers with bitter reviews, criticising the Government, the affairs of the day. The African treaty he dissected98, to Caprivi’s disadvantage. “I never would have signed it!” wrote Bismarck, and the press took up the cry. Any utterance55 from the old political sage99 was welcomed, the more caustic100 the criticism the better it read, all to the disadvantage of the Emperor and the new advisers101.
Many newspaper reporters called at Bismarck’s country retreat; the old man would tell them strong truths against the Government. Here and there, a newspaper came out as Bismarck’s official spokesman!
It did seem as though nothing Caprivi did ever pleased the old man.
The curious fact was this: that Bismarck in his own time had always held as an inviolable principle, “No criticism of the Government in foreign affairs,” but now he claimed a privilege he had never granted to another.
One of his many startling confessions102 of state secrets was that the Franco-Prussian war never would have taken place but for the garbled103 Ems dispatch. Instead of being a “holy war,” to support the very life of the Fatherland, it was now made clear that the old Divine-right idea had been but the stage-play of a political minister, for his imperial sovereign’s march to glory.
The last illusion was now dispelled104.[245]
Caprivi was obliged to issue a circular-letter to Germany’s diplomatic corps105, everywhere, “Do not mind Bismarck’s utterances; take no stock in them!”
Even when Bismarck’s old friend, von Moltke, died, the Man of Iron refused to go to the funeral; he did not care to take a chance of meeting the Emperor, there!
Querulous, iron-willed—such he is to remain. No giving up, no softening106, no forgiveness; but blood and iron to the end. We must present him thus, our sad-hearted, irritable old master, proclaiming against the vanity of earthly glories, and like Wolsey wondering on the frailties and ingratitude of kings, whose memories are indeed no longer than the going down of the sun.
Thus for two long weary years the bitter fight went on.
The old man now went on a trip to Vienna, to see his son Herbert married, but ahead of him the Government had telegraphed, “No official welcome for Bismarck!”
The German ambassador, under instructions from Berlin, did not dare attend the wedding, refused to notice Bismarck’s presence in Vienna, officially.
This was the last straw; it worked revulsion of popular feeling; the common people of Germany, the self-same people that Bismarck had so long doubted, now took up arms for fair play for the old man; and Caprivi, made the scapegoat107, was forced to resign. He was succeeded by Hohenlohe, Bismarck’s friend, and leader in the Bavarian National party.
On Bismarck’s eightieth birthday, the Emperor came in person, and with military honors presented the old man with a magnificent sword; but on Bismarck’s part the reconciliation108 was not sincere, you may well imagine that.
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Wherein, at last, abandoned by his King, the plain people, whom the great Bismarck so long politically ignored, now do indeed bind76 up the old man’s wounds.
Bismarck’s mighty nature never softened109, but remained bitter to the day of his death, with fire and sword pursuing his enemies; broken by Fate, his power gone, Bismarck still continued consistent to the last; true to his iron nature, he returned the hatred110 of enemies with his own arrogant111 contempt.
As the years of his downfall passed and men came to comprehend somewhat his extraordinary combination of overshadowing political genius in administrative112 and executive life, side by side with his strange superstitions and his many weaknesses of a grand order, this awe-inspiring man became beloved for his frailties by the very common people whom all his life long he had held under suspicion. The people rallied to his defense113 when kings quitted his side; they took up his cause because the old man had been outraged114 in his sensibilities, rather than because he was right; they sent him thousands of sympathetic letters, telegrams, presents; thousands of students, business men, women and children, visited him in his retirement; and by that touch of human nature that proves the world kin2, took the embittered115 old man to their hearts in the name of the United Germany that he had created with toil116 so infinite and battlings so long and blood-stained;—and they disarmed117 Bismarck by honoring the name of their old enemy.
It is a wonderful story of human nature, this story of how the German people rallied to Bismarck’s side; a story that reaffirms how slender after all is the space between the pomp of kings and the obscure destiny of the shepherd on the hills.
The proud figure of the grand old man who was not too high to fall from power stands side by side with Marius at the ruins of Carthage.
Finally, as between the kings whom Bismarck served so[247] faithfully and who abandoned him at last, and the people whom he despised but who rallied to his side and bound up his wounds, this courageous118 giant, who during the long years in which he fronted the seemingly forlorn struggle for United Germany, had been so conscientious119 in the discharge of his unpleasant duties, came at last to his peculiar120 eminence121 as one of the world’s greatest characters.
When he came to die, full of years and honors, although he had no National funeral like the magnificent outpouring that marked the return of Napoleon’s body to the banks of the River Seine, yet in the hearts of the German people Otto von Bismarck was accorded the grandest funeral of modern times, if not of all time.
That was many years ago; but his unapproachable memory still lives, as Father of United Germany—and his fame goes marching on.
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The old man’s strange fancies as he passes the time awaiting his final call.
Behold our old master in retirement, as obscure as a simple country squire122; and he reads again—what do you thinkThe Book of Job, Bismarck’s last reading, reminds him of the evanescence of all earthly glory, which passes away like the grass that is cut down by the mower123.
Brave old fighter, with your show of dauntless spirit, down to the very end, we know that you are grown weary of it all, and in truth, in silent moments of self-communion, you do not care when the end may come, nor may it come too soon for you.
He is worried all the time, now; worried about his son’s health; worried about the death of his brother; broken over the death of his wife; distressed124 by the death of favorite dogs and horses. Also, he recalls a gypsy saying having to do with the end of the Bismarck family, under strange conditions, in these mystical words:
Dem Grafen von Bismarck soll es verleiber So Lang sie vom Horste die Reiher nicht trieben—
Or, “The Counts Bismarck shall reign4 at Varzin as long as[248] the herons are not driven from their ancient haunts”; in rude rhyme:
“The Bismarcks shall hold their domain125 till the day When they from their haunts drive the herons away.”
You see, the old man’s mind was wandering, and now and then he saw the future, as in a strange dream.
He watched the crows and jackdaws gather over the fields and at the rookeries, and he said one day, “They have their joys and sorrows like human beings.”
He recited Shakespeare, thinking of the olden times when he went roaring up and down the land! “Let me play the lion, too! I will roar that it will do any man’s heart good to hear me. I will that I can make the Duke say, ‘Let him roar again, let him roar again!’”
Trifles annoyed the aged Bismarck, as might be expected; such things as changing the clocks to introduce “standard time,” as it is called. “I do not like this ‘standard time’; here I get up half an hour too early and go to bed half an hour too soon,” was the octogenarian’s crabbed comment.
Day by day, crowds came to see him—children, students, laborers126, artists, musicians, politicians, writers—all visited the sage in his retirement.
Levi, the Wagnerian Kappelmeister, journeyed from Munich to Friedrichsruh to beg the honor of owning, as a souvenir, one of Bismarck’s old hats.
Lenbach, the renowned127 artist, came to paint Bismarck’s picture; and noted128 the curious fact that although Mecklenburgers have the largest German skulls129, “Bismarck’s is larger still.”
Bad nights, neuralgia, insomnia became his companions; but still ambition, the one supreme130 infirmity of his majestic131 mind, gives him no peace.
What would future generations say of Bismarck’s work?[249] And of the immediate present, has Caprivi helped it anyWas the repeal132 of my Iron Laws against Socialism wiseWhy did not Caprivi follow my plan of making the Government the arbiter133 of German conscienceWhy did not Caprivi carry the Army BillI fought for four years, once, to get army money for King William—and won over all obstacles!
Schaffer came to make the Bismarck bust134; it shows the Chancellor with high-cut nostrils135, heavy jaws136, scowling137 brows.
The old man likes it, because it presents him as a soldier; he is proud that he is a Field Marshal, prouder still of the Bismarcks in the old wars, proud also that he is a Prussian General of Cavalry138.
Then he scolds again about Caprivi’s treaty with Austria, says it will cost fifty million marks a year and nothing gained.
Often in deep fits of melancholy139, Bismarck thinks that Germany is ungrateful. For one thing, the Government ought to recognize my son Herbert; why, England saw in Pitt the son of his father, a chip of the old block; and why not one Bismarck after another, eh?
Maybe Dr. Schweninger could do me some good, what do you thinkThis doctor is from South Germany—and a very determined140 fellow with a jet black, piratical beard; he gives orders like a military man, is a believer in diet, and all that sort of thing.
Twenty years before, when Bismarck’s weight was 247, this South German Dr. Schweninger put Bismarck through a course of “banting,” and the Chancellor rewarded the doctor with a chair in Berlin, against the united protests of the faculty141! Why, yes, bring up Dr. Schweninger; he can make me well, I am sure.
“I can make you live to be ninety, Prince!”
“Then get to work; spare no time; I am in bad shape!”
Letters, telegrams, felicitations in the form of magnificently embossed diplomas, continue to come, day after day;[250] Bismarck is given the freedom of cities; he is enrolled142 among engineers, carpenters, brewers, ship-masters, tailors; each guild143 demands that the Iron Chancellor’s name head the list of honorary officers of the Grand Lodge144.
In one year the record shows 650,000 letters and 10,000 telegrams; and among these are begging letters asking a total of $2,500,000!
Bismarck often grows tired of seeing visitors; he has built himself a secret spiral staircase, hidden in an unexpected place; and uses it against unwelcome callers.
Now and then, when his health permits, he is at his editorial work again, laboriously145 issuing his proclamations to the German people; he writes with a quill146 pen, and for a blotter prefers the old-time box of blue sand.
For scribbling147 hasty notes, he prefers huge lead pencils, such as he favored in parliamentary days; pencils 15 inches long, similar to those used by German carpenters.
He sits at an immense oak table, and his chair seems uncomfortable; it has no back.
At his side is his porcelain148 tobacco jar, two feet tall, and on the stand are innumerable pipes, which in turn are filled and smoked, all day long. He holds a sort of tobacco parliament every day. Visitors must smoke a pipe or cigars, drink wine, meet the dogs, and hear the old man inveigh82 against these degenerate149 times.
Those big Ulmar dogs are always around him. At meal times, no matter how fashionable the company, Bismarck pauses at the end of the dinner to throw “Sultana” or “Cyrus” a biscuit!
Sometimes he wears his Cuirassier’s uniform, this broad-shouldered giant with the thick neck and the grizzled mustache; his eyes glower150 under his thick white brows, and in the depths of his faded blue eyes is the old look of determination.
The old man’s face is ashen151 grey, but he still has the stamp of immense dignity, a colossal152 personality, unquestionably representing the first public man of his time.
Folks bow to him, and he is master to the end; men are his servants, not his companions.
He is always very deliberate; he [251]has a peculiar way of stopping in the middle of a sentence to seek out in a moment of silence the exact word he needs.
In the morning, he usually takes a stroll with his big dogs. It was a shock when “Old William” died, and the Emperor then gave Bismarck “Cyrus”; the Prince also had “Rebecca” and “Sultana.”
The Ulmar dogs, following the old giant, resemble tigers in their powerful slouching gait.
At night they sleep in his bedroom.
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Bismarck refuses to pass under the yoke153—the octogenarian’s last struggle of ambition.
He has his superstitions to the end; about the number 13, about the number 7; and he believes that the moon has power to make human hair grow. “It is best,” he says, “not to make scoff154 of such matters.”
Sometimes he goes over his orders of honor, forty-eight in all, and of great distinction; also, his learned degrees. University of Halle made him Doctor of Philosophy; Erlangen, Doctor of Law; Tuebingen, Doctor of Political Science; Giessen, Doctor of Theology, and Jena, Six-fold Doctor, that is to say Doctor of Medicine; and Goettingen, Doctor of Law.
They bring him a joint155 of wild boar, shot in Varzin forest, and he has a feast. His fondness for game he never gives up. Also, to the last he has his champagne156. After the Franco-Prussian war Bismarck refused to drink German champagne, and told the Emperor, quite plainly, “Your Majesty, my patriotism157 stops with my stomach; I simply must stick to French champagnes.”
He tells how he used to drink Affenthaler and Merkgraefler, years before at Frankfort; these were first-rate, at one florin a bottle, or wholesale158, the old man explains; by the 100 liters, only 14 kreutzers (8 cents) a bottle.
“Red wine is for children, champagne for ladies, and schnapps for generals,” is one of his drinking m[252]ottoes, but he tells that he himself prefers his old-line invention, the Bismarck champagne and porter, a most powerful decoction, putting ordinary mortals under the table very early in the evening—but not the Iron Chancellor, not at all!
He recalls amusing stories of his ancestors. “One ancestor put pigs’ ears in pea soup and made a gastronomic159 hit.”
Bismarck’s eyes water one day and he explains, “The wine my ancestors drank to excess comes back in punishment for their sins.”
What do you thinkBismarck’s old enemy, Herr von Sybel, the eminent160 author of the ponderous161 “History of Prussia,” called today, and Bismarck was glad to see Sybel, and they chatted a long time. As he and Sybel talked of history, Bismarck had moments when he held himself the one authentic162 builder of the German Empire.
Gradually, he came to think that he alone of his own unaided might did the work.
Last scene of all in this great drama of Bismarck! The octogenarian, in his downfall, is bitterly storming against his enemies.
Consistent to the end, he never weakened. He did not pass under the yoke of defeat by revealing any of those soft virtues163 that writers who make a wax doll of this mighty man would have us believe.
He raged and stormed impotently in his retirement at Friedrichsruh, and by every loud and insulting means in his power—by voice, pen, by special interviews, in his private letters, in his telegraphic dispatches, in his talks with the old friends or new callers, and to the last scratch of his Memoirs—Bismarck remains164 unrepentant, turbulent, to the end fighting bitterly against the Fate to which he could not and would not submit.
Temperamentally and psychologically, it was impossible for him to act in any way other than that in which he did act—even as you, in your own life, are true to yourself in storm and sunshine, following some unformulated but idiomatic165 law of your being.
Bismarck believed himself a chosen instrument in the hands of God and tenaciously166 clung to the d[253]ominant idea that the Bismarck work comprised all the raw materials of German history, affecting the German Empire.
70
His face is ashen, his grizzled mustache, eyebrows167 and hair white as the driven snow.
On the whole, the old man is interested in events not in persons; he does not keep track of individuals; but he studies their work and its effects.
So, in his retirement he talks of big events, mostly; all the while suffers from fits of depression and exhibits a growing moroseness168, a peculiar characteristic of highly developed German character.
He calls for Kant, Hegel, Christ; and reads them, deeply. He likes Hegel’s idea that the history of the world shows “rational order,” conceals169 a “manifest destiny.”
But the old man’s one consolation170 is the Book of Job.
He lays awake o’ nights, unable to sleep, he says, “and it seems as though there were a mountain on my chest.”
He does not think much of Gladstone’s “Home Rule” ideas; this “let the people” rule is bad business, is the old man’s comment.
He is invited out a great deal, but always makes the same excuse, “I do not sleep well anywhere except in my own four-post bed. My traveling days are over, thank you.”
One day in the park, the ladies kissed his hand, but he replied by kissing their cheeks, and he made a little speech as though he were in parliament.
He studies the thick walls of Schoenhausen mansion171 and examines the old French cannon172 of ’71 scattered173 around the yard, as souvenirs.
He superintends the planting of trees; and rules over his estate with all the old family dignity and unshaken firmness of soul. He asks his secretary to count the telegrams that came this past year and in round numbers there are 10,000. The old man takes a notion to send each inquirer after his health a Bismarck autograph. So each day, from April to August, he spends part of his time writing over and over in great scrawling174 letters, at the bottom of a printed card of t[254]hanks, the huge signature, “Bismarck.”
Little things are beginning to bother the old man. He comes in today from a short walk and says he hates crows, because they are the enemy of the singing birds.
Neuralgia is tormenting175 him, day and night, and he is very irritable.
School children come with teachers and after the children sing the old man bows and says, “Children, I thank you.”
And this Dr. Schweninger, who promised Bismarck ninety years of life, is always hovering176 about, like a military doctor, giving express orders to eat this, to get up at such an hour, to go to bed at such an hour, and to take a nap at such an hour.
The old man obeys like a child.
Strangers wait at the village bridge to see Bismarck and his dogs pass by; week after week delegations177 of working-men, lawyers, students, come to the house.
Schweninger orders him to take longer naps, not worry about politics and not to meet strangers. The old saying, “Once a man and twice a child” is coming to pass; Otto von Bismarck is no longer the stubborn, dogmatic fellow that he was, even a few years ago. But he still scolds, fights and has his way with all—except the doctor.
Tomorrow, April 1, 1898, Bismarck will be 83; however, he does not seem to be failing much; but his face is ashen, his grizzled mustache, eyebrows and hair are as white as the driven snow.
Gardeners write to him that they have named their choicest new variety of rose, the Bismarck; and cigarmakers have the Bismarck shape, cutlers the Bismarck dinner knife, a thick, sharp blade that will carve a duck’s neck in a twinkling.
However, the old man is growing weary of it all; and he hears with no great show of interest that the people are planning monuments everywhere. There is going to be an equestrian178, helmeted statue in the market place at Leipzig; at Weringrode, a heroic-sized Bismarck will lean upon a sword; there will be a column in Hartzburg, Victory with a[255] lyre and another Victory with a wreath; there is to be a statue at Kissingen; a helmeted-heroic figure at Freiberg; a column at Charlotte-springs; a column at Meiszen; at Cologne, a heroic figure with a sword; a heroic “Tyras and Bismarck,” dog and man, at Leipzig; allegorical figures, “Glory and War,” for Berlin; at Wiesbaden, a statue symbolizing179 the Bismarck National victory; a bust at Heidelberg; at Kreuznach; a heroic figure with helmet and sword, with “Glory” at his feet; at Zwickau, an allegorical memorial of noble proportions; a tower in the Black Forest; and still another at Altona.
No; it is no use! As we said before, the old man is growing very weary of it all; and now along comes Arthur Mendell, who paints for posterity180 that remarkable181 Bismarck in which you see only the blazing eyes and the shining silver helmet—the Bismarck of the brave days of ’66 and ’70, when the German hosts carrying their deadly needle-guns, marched over the Rhine—at Bismarck’s word!
Dear Old Bismarck, these wreaths of immortelles come to you in your retirement, but you have reached the time when the grasshopper182 has become a burden, and when you have but one wish left in this world—and that wish is to go in peace to your long sleep.
Coming, Bismarck—coming very soon now, Old Soldier; and we know well how courageously183 you will answer up, when the invisible Skeleton in Armor calls your imperial name!
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1
Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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kin
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| n.家族，亲属，血缘关系；adj.亲属关系的，同类的 | |
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reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 )；君主统治时期；任期；当政期 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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chancellor
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| n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长 | |
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retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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10
sleepless
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| adj.不睡眠的，睡不著的，不休息的 | |
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11
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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crabbed
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| adj.脾气坏的；易怒的；（指字迹）难辨认的；（字迹等）难辨认的v.捕蟹( crab的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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gasp
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| n.喘息，气喘；v.喘息；气吁吁他说 | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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15
shuffled
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| v.洗（纸牌）( shuffle的过去式和过去分词 )；拖着脚步走；粗心地做；摆脱尘世的烦恼 | |
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16
controversies
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| 争论 | |
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ingratitude
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| n.忘恩负义 | |
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18
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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19
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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20
munificent
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| adj.慷慨的，大方的 | |
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patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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moody
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| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
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impecunious
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| adj.不名一文的，贫穷的 | |
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24
mightily
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| ad.强烈地；非常地 | |
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25
salutes
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| n.致敬，欢迎，敬礼( salute的名词复数 )v.欢迎，致敬( salute的第三人称单数 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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26
humiliated
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| 感到羞愧的 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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28
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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29
expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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30
sentimental
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| adj.多愁善感的，感伤的 | |
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31
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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32
patriotic
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| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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engrossed
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| adj.全神贯注的 | |
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34
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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35
distractions
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| n.使人分心的事[人]( distraction的名词复数 )；娱乐，消遣；心烦意乱；精神错乱 | |
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36
embarrassments
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| n.尴尬( embarrassment的名词复数 )；难堪；局促不安；令人难堪或耻辱的事 | |
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monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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38
bestowing
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| 砖窑中砖堆上层已烧透的砖 | |
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39
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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40
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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41
countermanded
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| v.取消（命令），撤回( countermand的过去分词 ) | |
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42
caucus
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| n.秘密会议；干部会议；v.（参加）干部开会议 | |
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43
slippers
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| n. 拖鞋 | |
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44
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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45
prospective
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| adj.预期的，未来的，前瞻性的 | |
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46
prerogatives
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| n.权利( prerogative的名词复数 )；特权；大主教法庭；总督委任组成的法庭 | |
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47
amicable
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| adj.和平的，友好的；友善的 | |
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48
transacting
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| v.办理（业务等）( transact的现在分词 )；交易，谈判 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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50
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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51
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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52
depot
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| n.仓库，储藏处；公共汽车站；火车站 | |
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53
hoary
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| adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的 | |
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54
utterances
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| n.发声( utterance的名词复数 )；说话方式；语调；言论 | |
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utterance
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| n.用言语表达，话语，言语 | |
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56
merged
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| （使）混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中 | |
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57
strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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58
tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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59
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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60
prodigiously
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| adv.异常地，惊人地，巨大地 | |
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61
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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62
constructive
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| adj.建设的，建设性的 | |
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63
nepotism
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| n.任人唯亲；裙带关系 | |
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64
mused
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的过去式和过去分词 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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65
irony
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| n.反语，冷嘲；具有讽刺意味的事，嘲弄 | |
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66
frailties
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| n.脆弱( frailty的名词复数 )；虚弱；（性格或行为上的）弱点；缺点 | |
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67
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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68
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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justifications
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| 正当的理由，辩解的理由( justification的名词复数 ) | |
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superstitions
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| 迷信，迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 ) | |
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71
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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72
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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73
wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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74
belly
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| n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛 | |
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interpretation
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| n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理 | |
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76
bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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77
binding
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| 有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的 | |
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incessantly
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| ad.不停地 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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81
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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82
inveigh
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| v.痛骂 | |
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83
inveighed
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| v.猛烈抨击，痛骂，谩骂( inveigh的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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84
aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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85
resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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inveighs
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| v.猛烈抨击，痛骂，谩骂( inveigh的第三人称单数 ) | |
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89
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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91
WHIMS
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| 虚妄，禅病 | |
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92
irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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93
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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94
insomnia
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| n.失眠，失眠症 | |
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95
swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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96
veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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97
moodily
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| adv.喜怒无常地；情绪多变地；心情不稳地；易生气地 | |
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98
dissected
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| adj.切开的，分割的，（叶子）多裂的v.解剖（动物等）( dissect的过去式和过去分词 )；仔细分析或研究 | |
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99
sage
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| n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的 | |
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100
caustic
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| adj.刻薄的，腐蚀性的 | |
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101
advisers
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| 顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授 | |
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102
confessions
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| n.承认( confession的名词复数 )；自首；声明；（向神父的）忏悔 | |
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103
garbled
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| adj.（指信息）混乱的，引起误解的v.对（事实）歪曲，对（文章等）断章取义，窜改( garble的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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104
dispelled
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| v.驱散，赶跑( dispel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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105
corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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106
softening
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| 变软，软化 | |
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107
scapegoat
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| n.替罪的羔羊，替人顶罪者；v.使…成为替罪羊 | |
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108
reconciliation
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| n.和解，和谐，一致 | |
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109
softened
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| （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
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110
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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111
arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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112
administrative
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| adj.行政的，管理的 | |
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113
defense
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| n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩 | |
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114
outraged
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| a.震惊的，义愤填膺的 | |
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115
embittered
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| v.使怨恨，激怒( embitter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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116
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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117
disarmed
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| v.裁军( disarm的过去式和过去分词 )；使息怒 | |
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118
courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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119
conscientious
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| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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120
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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121
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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122
squire
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| n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅 | |
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123
mower
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| n.割草机 | |
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124
distressed
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| 痛苦的 | |
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125
domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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126
laborers
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| n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工 | |
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127
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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128
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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129
skulls
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| 颅骨( skull的名词复数 )； 脑袋； 脑子； 脑瓜 | |
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130
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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131
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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132
repeal
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| n.废止，撤消；v.废止，撤消 | |
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133
arbiter
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| n.仲裁人，公断人 | |
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134
bust
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| vt.打破；vi.爆裂；n.半身像；胸部 | |
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135
nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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136
jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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137
scowling
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| 怒视，生气地皱眉( scowl的现在分词 ) | |
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138
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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139
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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140
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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141
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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142
enrolled
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| adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起 | |
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143
guild
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| n.行会，同业公会，协会 | |
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144
lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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laboriously
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| adv.艰苦地；费力地；辛勤地；（文体等）佶屈聱牙地 | |
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146
quill
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| n.羽毛管；v.给（织物或衣服）作皱褶 | |
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147
scribbling
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| n.乱涂[写]胡[乱]写的文章[作品]v.潦草的书写( scribble的现在分词 )；乱画；草草地写；匆匆记下 | |
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148
porcelain
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| n.瓷；adj.瓷的，瓷制的 | |
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149
degenerate
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| v.退步，堕落；adj.退步的，堕落的；n.堕落者 | |
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150
glower
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| v.怒目而视 | |
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151
ashen
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| adj.灰的 | |
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152
colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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153
yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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154
scoff
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| n.嘲笑，笑柄，愚弄；v.嘲笑，嘲弄，愚弄，狼吞虎咽 | |
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155
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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156
champagne
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| n.香槟酒；微黄色 | |
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157
patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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158
wholesale
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| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
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159
gastronomic
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| adj.美食（烹饪）法的，烹任学的 | |
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160
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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161
ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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162
authentic
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| a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的 | |
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163
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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164
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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165
idiomatic
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| adj.成语的，符合语言习惯的 | |
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166
tenaciously
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| 坚持地 | |
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167
eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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168
moroseness
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169
conceals
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的第三人称单数 ) | |
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170
consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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171
mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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172
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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173
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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174
scrawling
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| 乱涂，潦草地写( scrawl的现在分词 ) | |
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175
tormenting
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| 使痛苦的，使苦恼的 | |
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176
hovering
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| 鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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177
delegations
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| n.代表团( delegation的名词复数 )；委托，委派 | |
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178
equestrian
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| adj.骑马的；n.马术 | |
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179
symbolizing
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| v.象征，作为…的象征( symbolize的现在分词 ) | |
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180
posterity
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| n.后裔，子孙，后代 | |
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181
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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182
grasshopper
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| n.蚱蜢，蝗虫，蚂蚱 | |
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183
courageously
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| ad.勇敢地，无畏地 | |
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