During Espinosa's absence in the south, affairs at Antigua were exceptionally dull. The illness of the governor, unfortunately, was not fatal. Business had approached its end, for the fighting men were away, and the thrifty9 arts offered few attractions to piratical adventurers. So low was the colony at one time reduced that the Casa de la Fundicion, or melting-house, was closed and public fasts were appointed—a hom?opathic policy, in truth, for a starving community. But for the feud10 between Pedrarias and Vasco Nu?ez, which in that infamous11 environment was easily kept alive, little would have occurred worthy12 of record.
QUARRELS WITH THE GOVERNOR.
It should be no fault of the governor if the cavalier was not ruined. His choicest schemes were marred13 by incompetent14 and evil-minded men. He was vilified15 433 at court, and in the colony every indignity16 possible was laid upon him. The observant reader must already have drawn17 a contrast in the respective quality of enterprise pursued by these men. Whatever may have been the immediate18 results, whatever the wrongs and cruelties inflicted19 by either, in the one case there was the lofty aim of discovery and peaceful occupation; in the other, no higher object than plunder20 was apparent. Balboa had not time for much gold-gathering; the captains of Pedrarias had time for nothing else.
Excepting the raid of the alcalde mayor, the expeditions planned by Pedrarias were not remarkable21 for their success. Nor did Balboa scruple22 to rail at the old governor in consequence. "All the enterprises of Pedrarias met with such ill success," says Benzoni, "that Balboa laughed at him and mocked him, whereat the governor became irate23, and serious contentions24 resulted."
Balboa was now in the prime of manhood, approaching forty, and had during the past few years developed from a careless rambler into a thoughtful ruler, with a New World fame second only to its first discoverer. "Behold25," says Peter Martyr26, "this rash royster turned into a politic27 captain, a violent Goliah transformed to Heliseus, and from Anteus to Hercules the conqueror28 of monsters." And of all monsters he might encounter by sea or land, old man Pedrarias was the most monstrous29. It was exasperating30 beyond endurance to an ardent31 and chivalrous32 nature like Balboa's, thus to have his glories reaped and his energies placed in circumscription33 by a superlatively selfish person of far inferior natural abilities, made by mistake his political superior. And he never ceased to strike back with all the force at his command. By every departure he appealed to the royal authorities in Spain, laying before them vivid accounts of outrages34 on the natives, perversion36 of the laws, and 434 gross mismanagement of the colony. "Most powerful sovereign," he wrote the king, "I, a true and law-abiding servant, sensible of the many obligations I am under to do loyal service for benefits bestowed—and may your Majesty37 live long to grant me more—humbly desire to undeceive your Majesty regarding the governor, Pedrarias Dávila, that your Majesty may order such provisions as may be deemed best." He urged Oviedo, when about to depart for Spain, to place before the Council of the Indies the true condition of things. And again he writes, "I beseech38 your Majesty not to regard me as a calumniator39, or as stating aught in malice40, but that you will order an investigation41, that you may know all I have said is true." He still entertained hopes that the report of Arbolancha, accompanied by the presents, would be graciously received, and that his successes would atone42 for past irregularities.
While awaiting the results of these endeavors, he determined43 to make an expedition to the South Sea, without permission or aid from Pedrarias, and to extend his discoveries there in either direction. In pursuance of this purpose, and with the co?peration of the small remnant of those who had sworn fealty44 on the heights of Quarequá, he secretly despatched to Cuba for men and arms, a small vessel45 in charge of Andrés Garabito. Having thus set in motion the wheels of his fate, he awaited developments.
ADELANTADO AND CAPTAIN-GENERAL.
We have seen how King Ferdinand received Arbolancha, how the royal heart was touched by the discoveries and pearls of the generous cavalier. And we must confess the monarch's dilemma46. The establishing of Pedrarias' government had cost him much money, and the very qualities which achieved desperate adventure tended to loosen the bonds of allegiance. But Vasco Nu?ez had manifested no disposition47 to throw off royal authority; furthermore, it 435 had become a principle of colonial economics, that the services of successful commanders should be paid for out of their future gains. How then could any sovereign expect the extension of his dominions49, if successful adventure was defrauded50 of its right? It was therefore determined that the reward of Vasco Nu?ez should be the title of adelantado of the Southern Sea, and captain-general of the provinces of Coiba and Panamá, but subject to the supervision51 of Pedrarias as superior officer.
The royal despatches conferring this appointment reached Antigua early in 1515, prior to the departure of Espinosa. Pedrarias, of course, was at the same time informed of the fact. His mortification52 was only exceeded by his dastardly resolve. Take from Castilla del Oro its southern seaboard and the government was not worth the having, even though the jurisdiction53 of Antigua did extend nominally54 over the whole. The north coast was already stripped, and the climate was such as no European could long endure; while in the south wealth and dominion48 awaited romantic adventure. All despatches arriving at Antigua had to pass through the governor's hands. Those for Vasco Nu?ez on this occasion were withheld55.
Pedrarias well knew that some excuse would be necessary for his conduct; and he began to look about for one. It was unlawful in the provinces for any governor or captain-general to exercise the functions of office while undergoing his residencia. New charges against the former governor of the colony must therefore be invented, and litigious persecution56 renewed. By collusion with the judge this investigation, as the law then required, could be continued indefinitely. Still better, the alcalde mayor, who was the person most proper in this instance to take the residencia, might be allured57 from his friendship for the discoverer by the offer of a military command after proceedings58 had been instituted, for it was well 436 known that the licentiate's vanity was not less than his cupidity60.
Believing himself prepared, the governor summoned his council, revealed the secret, and urged that the commission should be withheld. All agreed save Bishop61 Quevedo, who had real friendship for Vasco Nu?ez, and who saw more honor for Spain and for the Church in the elevation62 of the free-handed cavalier, than in the military raid of the alcalde mayor. And so seeing, he grew zealously63 virtuous64, and began to storm about it. Outnumbered in the council, he mounted his pulpit and hurled65 invectives at his opponents. "Can it be," he cried, "that the execrable passions of envious66 and designing men may thus subvert67 the royal design, and withhold68 the just reward of eminent69 service?" Furthermore, he threatened to spread the bare facts before the authorities in Spain.
Pedrarias quailed70. He had not anticipated the violent opposition71 of the prelate, and he feared the rising strength of his adversary72, now that the royal favor and a royal commission were known to have been granted him. Vasco Nu?ez might have his office, but the old man swore it should be the death of him. For he would lay around him such snares73 and pitfalls74 as would surely prove his destruction in the end. Pedrarias would be the power; and play upon this braggart75 as he would upon a pipe for devils to dance by.
The public acknowledgment of dignities, attended by the congratulations of friends and the discussion of southern projects in which alone interest now centred, raised in popularity and importance the new governor, to the overshadowing of the old one. But once more the destiny of Vasco Nu?ez is to turn on the bad advice of a friend. Thrown upon himself, his own sound judgment77 had ever been sufficient, but the counsels of piety78 or erudition were as quicksand under 437 his feet. Quevedo induced him, for the sake of peace and in order to enter without delay upon his South Sea schemes, to waive79 in favor of Pedrarias some portion of the rights the king had granted him. Espinosa and others were accordingly permitted to overrun the southern provinces at pleasure. This was a mistake.
Thus reconciled, in appearance at least, Pedrarias himself would fain have had rest, if it had been permitted by his evil nature, which still demanded its daily bitter pabulum.
Scarcely were these pacific fictions consummated80 when the vessel of Andrés Garabito returned from Cuba with men and supplies for the projected expedition of Vasco Nu?ez. Arriving off the coast of Darien Garabito despatched a messenger to Balboa, informing him of his return, and asking orders. It soon reached the ears of Pedrarias that a suspicious-looking craft, armed and equipped as if on some illicit81 mission, lay hidden in a small bay some six leagues distant. He was furthermore informed that the captain of this vessel was in secret communication with Vasco Nu?ez, and that preparations were being made for some mysterious undertaking82. Pedrarias became both frightened and furious. He called to mind the fate of Nicuesa. Alarm for his own safety was mingled83 with ire and envious regrets for ever having yielded even in appearance to any recognition of this upstart's titles and honors. He ordered the instant arrest of Balboa, and even threatened to confine him for safe keeping in the large wooden cage stationed in the middle of the plaza84.
The fears of Pedrarias were calmed, however, by the cooler heads; the nature and purpose of the intended expedition were explained; no lurking85 treason was discovered, no plot against the peace of Antigua or sinister86 designs upon the person of its governor were found; and having bound himself to new and more stringent87 restrictions88, Vasco Nu?ez was 438 set at liberty, and the precarious89 friendship ostensibly renewed.[XII-1]
About this time the bishop of Darien was seized with a luminous90 idea. Through his pertinacious91 devotedness92 the worthy prelate had twice rescued his friend from a life of independence and honor, and had twice consigned94 him to the mercies of an insidious95 enemy. He had prevented Pedrarias from sending him in chains to Spain, which would have sounded his renown96 and enlisted97 for him sympathy throughout Christendom; he had persuaded him to relinquish98 his rights to such an extent as to place his fortune at the disposal of an inveterate99 foe100. I do not say Quevedo was an Ahithophel; yet the machinations of all his enemies could not bring upon Vasco Nu?ez the evils consummated by this one friend. Nevertheless, the present conception happily brought forth101, and malice and suspicion will forever give place to confiding102 affection.
BALBOA'S BETROTHAL.
Four blooming daughters Pedrarias had left in Spain. The health of the governor seemed to be yielding before the combined influence of temper and climate. Who could be a more fitting successor in the government, and who a more suitable son-in-law? Let Balboa take to wife Do?a María, eldest103 daughter of Pedrarias, and so bind104 the North Sea to the South 439 by cords of love. Such was the plan of the prelate. Vasco Nu?ez, nothing loath105, assented106, for the daughter was as amiable107 as the father was malicious108. Do?a Isabel was not the mother to look coldly on so gallant109 a proposal; as for the daughter, then dreaming her maiden110 days away in a convent at Seville, her own consent to the betrothal was a question which gave parents little concern in those days; the chief difficulty was the splenetic father. Approaching the governor, not without misgivings111, Quevedo said: "Time passes, Se?or Pedrarias, and with time, all flesh. Those who shall take our places follow close at our heels. A powerful rival converted into a firm ally is double compensation, and the father of four daughters has not the opportunity every day to refuse a governor for a son-in-law. Vasco Nu?ez de Balboa, a man of no mean parts, well-born and famous, asks your daughter in marriage. Grant him his desire, and so heal discord112 and fortify113 your declining years."
Notwithstanding the obvious advantages, Pedrarias hesitated. It was no easy matter at once to purify the poisoned stream of thought. But the offer was too tempting114 to be declined, although Pedrarias would have much preferred for his adviser115 a Thrasybulus, who counselled Periander to cut off the tallest heads if he would maintain his power. The old man, still hugging his suspicions, signed the marriage contract, and ordered fair Do?a María to appear and accept marital116 honors. But even the gift of the daughter was like the gifts of Medea—envenomed.
Now surely might Vasco Nu?ez walk the firm earth, his fortune ascendant. Adelantado, captain-general of the Southern Sea, son-in-law of Pedrarias, and in favor with the royal authorities, though Ferdinand, poor king, was dead. The clouds which had so long obscured Balboa's rising fame were by this masterly invocation of the bishop forever dissipated. There was no longer any fear from the unclean ghosts of 440 entombed mistakes, while his good deeds would shine with steadier and ever-increasing lustre118. He might now prosecute119 adventure to the uttermost of his ambition, while his friend and counsellor, the bishop, carried the happy tidings of reconciliation to court.[XII-2]
The year 1516 was advancing toward its middle term. Vasco Nu?ez craved120 permission from his father-in-law—for betrothal was equivalent to marriage so far as the political aspect of the case was concerned—to proceed to Acla and continue the business there begun, which was indeed none other than part of his original scheme. Pedrarias assented, placing every requisite121 at the command of his dear son. The South Sea expeditions had drained the 441 colony of most of its available men, yet so esteemed122 was Vasco Nu?ez that all who were at Antigua eagerly flocked to his standard. Fernando de Argüello, a notary123, formerly124 the opponent of Nicuesa, but always a partisan125 of Vasco Nu?ez, having accumulated wealth placed it at the disposal of his friend, and soon after Balboa embarked127 with eighty men.
SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION.
Arrived at Acla he found the post destroyed and the comandante Olano, the successor of Gabriel de Rojas, together with twelve soldiers, had been massacred by the men of Careta, in retaliation128 for the act of Hurtado which consigned one hundred of their number to slavery. For this outrage35 the people of the province were declared outlaws129. Balboa immediately organized a municipality, appointed an alcalde and a regidor, laid out a new town, and began to build. Each citizen, either in person or by slaves, was required to plant sufficient for his sustenance130. Requiring more men, Balboa accompanied Espinosa to Antigua, early in 1517, and returned with two hundred recruits. The restoration of Acla was intended only as preliminary to further South Sea discoveries; but this accomplished131, an obstacle interposed itself, at first glance insurmountable. In order to navigate132 the new ocean ships were necessary. The short voyages hitherto undertaken in native canoes had been perilous133 in the extreme. Herein lay the difficulty. The cordillera here rises abruptly134 from the northern side of the Isthmus135, undulating gently on the opposite side toward the Southern Sea. On the northern slope grew trees suitable for ship-building; on the southern side vegetation was more diminutive136. But of what avail were trees on the border of one ocean, for the purposes of navigation on the other?
The true standard of greatness is in the application of means to ends. The magnitude of the means has no more to do with it than the results, which may or may not prove successful. With a few hundred Spaniards, and such savages138 as could be whipped 442 into the service, Vasco Nu?ez dared conceive and execute the project of building ships on one side of a chain of mountains for use on the other side; to navigate his vessels139 in pieces or sections, on the backs of Indians, over hills and swamps, and that under a sun so hot, in an atmosphere so poisoned, and through vegetation so rank and tangled140 as successfully to have defied the efforts of science for centuries thereafter. "No living man in all the Indies," testifies the moderate Herrera, "dared attempt such an enterprise, or would have succeeded in it, save Vasco Nu?ez de Balboa."
The plan of Vasco Nu?ez was to prepare his timber as near as possible to some navigable point on one of the many streams flowing into the South Sea, which are generally torrents141 on the mountain-side, but which become broad and calm before reaching the ocean. The stream chosen for the purpose was called the Rio de las Balsas,[XII-3] or River of the Rafts. Carpenters and builders are sent out in search of trees suitable for the purpose, and the preparation of the timber is begun. With fifty men Francisco Compa?on 443 passes over the cordillera and selects a place upon the river, twenty-two leagues from Acla, from which to launch the ships. Likewise on the summit of the sierra, twelve leagues from Acla, he builds a fort, to serve as a half-way house for rest and protection, beside stations established at other points. All is bustle142 and activity at Acla and in the neighboring forests; some are felling trees, some measuring and hewing144 timber; some preparing anchors, rigging, and stores. "In all labors," says Las Casas, "Vasco Nu?ez took the foremost part, working with his own hands and giving aid and encouragement everywhere."
CARRIES SHIPS ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS.
Materials for four brigantines being at length prepared, the herculean task of transportation across the mountains is next to be performed. Thirty negroes have been secured from Antigua, but these are not a tenth part of the force required. Squads146 of soldiers are therefore sent out in every direction, and natives are driven in to the number of several thousand. Upon their naked backs the heavy timbers are laid, and goaded147 forward by merciless overseers, among whom is the black African as well as the white European, they are forced through the marshy148 thicket149 and up the rocky steep until they sink exhausted150 beneath their burden. Unused to labor145, ill-fed, made desperate by their distress151, some attempt escape, but the bloodhound is quickly on their track; some kill themselves, but more sink lifeless under their heavy loads. All along those terrible leagues the newly cut path is strewed152 with dead savages, and soon the air is rank from putrid153 carcasses. "More than five hundred Indians perished in the transportation of these ships," affirmed Bishop Quevedo before the court of Spain, and Las Casas says the deaths were nearer two thousand in number.[XII-4] To take the places 444 of the dead, recruits are caught in the forest; the work goes bravely on, and the stupendous feat154 is finally accomplished. The wild bank of the Balsas was strewed with materials for this new sea navigation. But on putting the pieces together it is found that after all the toil155 there is timber enough for only two vessels instead of four; the rest has been lost by the way. And this is not the worst of it. That which has been brought over at such cruel cost, cut near the coast and hewed156 green as it was, is so full of worms that it cannot be used. All must be thrown away and the work begun anew.[XII-5]
Timber is sought nearer at hand this time, and with fair success. Vasco Nu?ez now divides his force into three parties, and sends one to hew143 timber, one to bring supplies from Acla, and a third to forage157 on the natives. Again they are ready with new materials to begin construction, when the heavens suddenly darken and drop such a deluge158 on them that they are obliged to take refuge in trees. Part of the timber is swept away, and part buried in mud. To add to their misfortunes, foraging159 fails; hunger pinches; and "when Vasco Nu?ez himself was forced to feed on roots," says Las Casas, always with an eye to his protégés, "it may well be imagined to what extremity160 six hundred Indian captives were reduced."
It now looks very dark to Vasco Nu?ez, and he begins to consider if it were not better to move on, one way or the other, than to die there. But these misgivings are only for a moment. No, it is not better. Throwing a bridge of floating withe-tied logs across the river he sends over Compa?on with a 445 strong company, and tells him never to return except with food. Hurtado he despatches to Antigua for more men, and goes himself to Acla for necessary effects. In all which he is successful; and he is successful finally in floating two brigantines upon the Balsas. There is no such thing as failure this side of death.
What a bright vision it is that greets him as he drops down into the sea, his own sea that he had found and well-nigh lost again! Heaven is indeed beautiful if it be anything fairer. Silver and gold and pearl are the sunshine, land, and sky; while the sea, the murmuring, gladdening, majestic161 sea; it would inspire a brute162 with nobility, one sight of it!
Dreams and realities! Wild as had been the dreams of these ignorant and voracious163 men, dreams with their Indies and Araby isles164, they fell far short of reality. How could they dream of a Montezuma empire waiting expectantly to welcome the destroyer, or of an Inca faction165 so evenly balanced that so light a hell-flake as a Pizarro might turn it?
AT THE PEARL ISLANDS.
Selecting Isla Rica, the largest of the Pearl Islands, as a rendezvous166 and place of settlement, Balboa discharged his vessels there and sent them back to bring from the Balsas the remainder of the company, together with materials for two more ships, which were in due time completed, making four in all. More supplies were brought from Acla, and journeys between the two seas were from this time frequent. Meanwhile, after pacifying167 the Pearl Islands, he embarked with one hundred men for a cruise eastward168. After sailing twenty leagues a shoal of whales so frightened the sailors that they anchored for the night near the shore, and embraced the opportunity to kill a village of Indians for having put to death Bernardo Morales and his men in a former expedition. The wind being contrary the fleet next morning returned to the Pearl Islands.
Thus haply launched upon the tide of glorious adventure, 446 with full freedom in the south, and in harmony with superior powers, what could fortune offer more satisfactory or secure? But fickle169 the goddess, and malignant170 the while, keeping alive suspicion and envy where only honor and good-will should be. It happened about this time that as one of Balboa's captains was setting out on his return to the South Sea, rumor5 reached Acla that Lope de Sosa, a native of Córdova, then acting171 governor of the Canary Islands, had been appointed to supersede172 Pedrarias. At one time such a prospect173 would have been hailed with delight by Vasco Nu?ez, but now that his fortunes were so happily linked with those of his ancient enemy he could desire no change.
One evening while in friendly conversation with the vicar, Rodrigo Perez, and the notary, Valderrábano—for on these Pearl Islands now were all the paraphernalia174 of spiritual and temporal rulership—upon the probable effect of a change of governors on South Sea affairs Vasco Nu?ez remarked, "It may be possible that Lope de Sosa has ere this received his commission, and that even now he is at Antigua, in which case my lord Pedrarias is no longer governor, and all our toilsome undertakings175 will profit us nothing. In order therefore to know best how to proceed in this emergency I am of opinion that it would be well to send some faithful messenger to Acla for our further necessities; and if the new governor has come, we will furnish our ships, and pursue our enterprise as best we can, trusting to his future approval. But if my lord Pedrarias is still in power, he will allay176 our fears, and we will then set out upon our voyage, which I trust in God will succeed according to our wishes." I beg the reader to remember these words, and say if in them is hidden the venom117 of treason to the father-governor when morbid177 acrimony decides them criminal. I do not say that at this juncture178 Vasco Nu?ez would not have disregarded any whimsical malevolence179 on the part of his future father-in-law which might stand 447 in the way of his high purposes. I think he would have done so. But that he saw no necessity for so doing, and never dreamed of disobedience or disloyalty, I am very sure.
As his ill-fate would have it, just when Vasco Nu?ez was concluding his remarks on this subject, a sentinel on guard in front of the general's quarters stepped up under the awning182 to shelter himself from a passing shower. This fellow, whose sense of smell was so acute that he could detect disloyalty though hidden in a barrel of salt, found here at once a mare's nest. Of course his general was talking treason; he had often been suspected, and now he openly admitted that if affairs planned in Spain or at Antigua did not suit him, he would sail away and leave all emperors and governors in the lurch183. And if he alone might have the disclosing of this villainy his fortune was made.
MICER CODRO, THE ASTROLOGER.
A story is told of one Micer Codro, a Venetian astrologer, who followed his stars to the Indies and there interpreted nature for a consideration. For up and down the world the devil used to lead him with the faintest thread of comet-light. While at the height of his power in Darien, the horoscope of Vasco Nu?ez was cast by this philosopher, and his fate foretold185 with all the precision characterizing the profession. Directing the attention of his auditor186 to a particular star he said: "When you behold that star at yonder point, know that your fate approaches; your fortune then will be in jeopardy187, and your life in peril3. But if you escape that danger, wealth and renown such as have fallen to the lot of no captain in all the Indies will be yours." Amidst the bustling188 activities of life Vasco Nu?ez had well-nigh forgotten the words of the soothsayer. But while waiting the progress of his plans at the Pearl Islands, he chanced to take a stroll upon the beach one night in company with his friends. The air was clear of moisture, and the heavens ablaze189 with stars which seemed by their own light multiplied. Nor was this gorgeous firmament190 more glorious than 448 the hopes which then thrilled the breast of the cavalier. While in careless conversation his eye was suddenly arrested by the star of his destiny which hung portentous191 in the exact spot designated by Micer Codro. The prediction of the astrologer at once flashed upon him. "But surely," he thought, "the worthy fellow read carelessly, or else possesses little knowledge of his art, for my time of peril has passed. I will, however, accept the saving clause of his prediction, and now achieve the fame and wealth whereof he spake." Then with a smile he turned to his companions. "Have a care of soothsayers," he said gayly. "You all know Micer Codro. According to his prediction I stand this moment on the verge192 of demolition193. But I defy thee, fate! See there those ships, and this wealth-bordered sea; see here this good right arm, this stout194 heart, and you, my friends, three hundred faithful men. Does this look like collapse195?"
Notwithstanding the rumor of a new governor at Antigua, this South Sea enterprise ought to be prosecuted196 at all hazard. By authority both of the king and of his representative in Darien the expedition had been undertaken. Money had been spent and infinite toil; life had been adventured—the lives of Spaniards, that is to say, for a thousand or two dead savages were scarcely to be regarded in the account. And now it behooved197 them to give no new king or new governor the opportunity of ruining their hopes by countermanding198 the expedition.
It was finally arranged that Andrés Garabito, Luis Botello, Andrés de Valderrábano, and Fernando Mu?oz should proceed to Acla, and as they drew near the town the party should halt; one of them should enter at night alone, and, proceeding59 to the house of Vasco Nu?ez, should ascertain199 from the servant to be found there if Pedrarias was superseded200; and if the new governor had arrived the party would withdraw unobserved, return to the South Sea, and proclaim Vasco Nu?ez governor of Tierra Firme, at the same 449 time giving him a paper purporting201 to be his commission. Thus would his command be deceived into the belief that he was legal ruler, and so follow his bidding without question. This was a glance toward treason; it was as bad as treason; but neither now nor ever was it treason. The projected stratagem202 was dangerous, and wholly useless, and most unfortunate, as the result proved; complicating203 affairs and aiding his enemies in casting over him that cloud of suspicion which ultimately involved him in ruin.
TREACHEROUS204 MESSENGERS.
Likewise the agents for this errand were unhappily chosen. Garabito was the deadly enemy of Balboa, though the latter did not know it. Worse than that, far more dastardly and damnable than enemy, he was a treacherous friend. Balboa had often shown him favors, and placed implicit205 confidence in him, as the prominence206 given him in this delicate mission plainly indicated. Within a friendly, even fawning207 exterior208, lurked209 deadly hate. It originated thus: While Vasco Nu?ez was yet under the cloud of the governor's displeasure, Garabito had attempted improper210 intimacy211 with Careta's daughter, Balboa's wife after the Indian fashion. One word from her protector, one glance from his eye—for the miscreant212 saw perdition in it—was sufficient to check his presumption213; but Garabito never forgot it, and awaited only his revenge. While on the Balsas he had even written Pedrarias that it was Balboa's purpose, on reaching the ocean, to throw off allegiance to him, and to every one but the king. He further affirmed that Vasco Nu?ez cared nothing for his daughter, loved only the Indian girl, and never intended to ratify214 his betrothal obligation. Though Garabito knew well enough he deserved hanging for this, and might even achieve that infamy, yet he understood both himself and Pedrarias, and he knew these lies would fatten215 on the old man's soul.
GARABITO'S INFAMY.
When Garabito arrived at Acla, instead of doing as he had been told, he set about to perform a little 450 drama which should at once precipitate216 revenge and free him from the odium of traitorous217 friendship. Mingling218 with the gossips of the town, he talked mysteriously about South Sea affairs, threw out insinuations, and dropped dark hints concerning Vasco Nu?ez and the government. By such means he succeeded in causing himself to be arrested; and when brought before the magistrate219 for examination, no torture was required to draw from him all he knew, and more. An abstract of the evidence taken in this investigation, together with the letters and papers of Garabito, was forwarded to Pedrarias.
When Vasco Nu?ez embarked from Antigua on this enterprise, it was stipulated220 that he should return at the expiration221 of eighteen months. The time having expired, he wrote Pedrarias requesting its extension, giving as a reason for requiring it the extraordinary difficulties under which he had labored222, and the attendant delays. He requested Fernando de Argüello, who had a large pecuniary223 interest at stake, to gain further time, if possible, as otherwise their expenditure224 and toil would all be lost. In answer to the application of Argüello, Pedrarias said little; but within the caldron the black stuff simmered.
This inopportune revival225 of the ancient feud between the governors excited no small stir at Antigua. And when tidings of Garabito's arrest were received, and the character of his testimony226 was made known, the friends of Vasco Nu?ez entertained fears for his safety. It made little difference whether what this villain184 had said was true or false—though no one believed that Vasco Nu?ez contemplated227 anything criminal—old man Pedrarias with his malignity228 aroused was a fiend incarnate229. Argüello wrote Balboa that the governor would neither grant nor deny an extension of time, and the notary advised him to put to sea at once, and place himself beyond the rancorous caprice of Pedrarias. He further informed him that in the 451 event of a rupture230 he could appeal to the Jeronimite Fathers, at Santo Domingo, who would see justice done him. Unfortunately, this letter was intercepted231 and sent to Pedrarias.
The conflagration232 which sweeps a city is often kindled233 by a spark. The South Sea discoverer entertained a harmless ruse234, justifiable235, in his opinion, as tending to settle the minds of his men and ensure their more perfect obedience180 in hazardous236 enterprise; he harbored at the most the intention of placing himself for no unlawful purpose beyond the call of the new governor until he had consummated his long cherished schemes, and not of deceiving the old governor, to whom, if still in power, his messengers were to disclose all his fears, in the belief that his necessities would certainly be relieved. These trivial thoughts, flung distorted by Garabito into the inflammable breast of Pedrarias, were more than sufficient to light a flame beyond the power of man to extinguish. On former occasions the enmity had been rather of a political than a personal nature; now it enters the private chambers237 of the affections, and beside crimes plotted against the ruler, the father is to be wounded and insulted. And his hate becomes unto death, murderous.
With the several pretended disclosures of Garabito before him, his mind ran quickly back over the career of Vasco Nu?ez, his ill treatment of Enciso, his expulsion of Nicuesa, his irregularities while in office, the king's order to call him to a reckoning, the brilliant discoveries intervening, the failure to convict him of crimes, the king's favor, and at last the nearer and to be hoped final reconciliation. Warmer yet within him glowed the thought of these things, as his mind dwelt upon the letters disparaging238 to himself which Vasco Nu?ez had sent the king, and recalled once more what Garabito had said concerning the repudiation239 of both himself and his daughter. He talked with Bachiller Corral, who had been 452 once arrested by Vasco Nu?ez for improper conduct, and to the royal treasurer240, Alonso de la Puente, whom Vasco Nu?ez had once offended by demanding the payment of a debt, he read the letter of Fernando de Argüello, and then ordered the arrest of the writer.
He communed with his heart in his rage and was glad. And he wrote his son-in-law a letter, his dear son-in-law, a friendly, fatherly letter, requesting his presence at Acla for the purpose of consultation241 over affairs affecting their mutual242 interests. This letter was despatched by messengers urged to the greatest haste, that the friends of Vasco Nu?ez might not have time to warn him of his danger. "Once within my grasp," muttered the old man, "he never shall escape me." That he might not embark126 on some lengthy243 voyage or otherwise delay his coming, Pedrarias ordered Francisco Pizarro to place himself at the head of as large a force as he could muster244, and immediately to find and arrest his former comrade and commander, Vasco Nu?ez de Balboa, and bring him under safe guard to Acla.
Now the dissembling letter of Pedrarias, so the chroniclers tell us, was placed in the hands of Vasco Nu?ez while yet the star of his destiny hovered245, impatient of flight, about the spot whereon it was to determine his fate; which proves to any reasonable mind, beyond peradventure, several things; item, that the heavenly lights are fingered by Omnipotence246 for individual import; item, that Micer Codro knows the stars; item, that the stars know Micer Codro; item, parva momenta247 in spem metumque impellere animos.
Conscious of no wrong, Vasco Nu?ez suspected no treachery, and on receipt of the letter he set out at once with the returning messengers to grant his father-in-law the desired interview, leaving his command at the Pearl Islands in charge of Francisco Compa?on. As they journeyed toward Acla he interrogated248 his companions concerning the affairs of the colony. At 453 first they were cautious in their replies, and made evasive answers; but the prompt and cordial manner in which Vasco Nu?ez responded to the summons of Pedrarias carried conviction of his integrity. Further than this, they had long known Vasco Nu?ez as a gallant cavalier and a genial249 friend, and they resolved, come what might, he should not fall into the clutches of his enemy without a word of warning from them. Enjoining250 secrecy251, they told him all; that current opinion considered not only his liberty but that his life was in jeopardy.
Balboa would not believe it. Pedrarias might be very angry, though he had written in so friendly a strain; it was his nature to be suspicious and treacherous; he could not help it; he was martyr to a hate wherein he was created, and not unlike that of Acrisius who quarrelled with his twin brother Proetus before they were born. There might be some difficulty in pacifying Pedrarias, but as for fearing him, the idea was preposterous252. Even though he had meditated treason against the governor, which he had not, he was not guilty of any criminal act; and surely a man cannot be hanged for his meditations253. Of course he would go forward.
THE ARREST.
As he descended254 the mountains and drew near Acla, Vasco Nu?ez was met by the force sent out by the governor. As the leader advanced to make the arrest, his old friend and patron cast on him a reproachful look and exclaimed, "How is this, Francisco Pizarro? You were not wont255 to come out in this manner to receive me!" He offered no opposition, however, and made no remonstrance256 when the irons were put upon him and he was led away to prison at Acla.
History presents few sadder pictures than the closing scenes in the career of Vasco Nu?ez de Balboa. And as we look at it, our sorrow waxes hot with indignation over the triumph of wrong. Occasionally, in the hostile encounters of men, justice seems to 454 abandon the arena257, leaving iniquity258 master of the field; at which times the spectator burns for the power which Omnipotence declines to exercise.
The game here played was for a valuable life. On one side was a singularly morbid hate, envenomed and pitiless, united with unscrupulous treachery and hypocrisy259, which in an old man of ability, breeding, and position, was hideous260 beyond expression. On the other side were recognized talents of so exceptional an order as to make the possessor the most popular man in the colony. This is what kept his irascible adversary on nettles261. Vasco Nu?ez was the hero of this conquest. He was to Pedrarias as Loki to Baldur, or as Hyperion to a satyr; and in their strangely assorted262 friendship they were more unequally yoked263 than in their enmity they were divided. He was the mirror in which by comparison the governor most clearly saw his own infirmities. Like Othello he was of that free and open nature which thinks men honest that but seem so. His faults were those of the times rather than of the man. He was as ambitious as Achilles, but it was a laudable ambition as times went. He was neither voracious nor avaricious264; cruel he unquestionably was, but not wantonly so; he gathered gold, but he scattered265 it open-handedly. He coveted266 fame; and in those days neither equity267 nor humanity were essential to greatness. I do not regard him as greedy of office; he loved power, but he loved adventure more. Of course, in principle, the robber life he led was wrong, though sanctioned by philosophers and divines, and Vasco Nu?ez aspired268 to belong to neither class. He was an illiterate269 cavalier, honest and religious, ready to accept the theories of the day if they did not too greatly interfere270 with his desires. Neither his loyalty181 nor his religion was sufficient to be of great injury to him; although, if we may credit Peter Martyr, he never attempted any adventure without the invocation of the deity271 and all the saints. Among his comrades he had ever 455 at command a light artillery272 of wit; in logical argument he was not equal to his archenemy, but in action he was the inferior of no man. A natural and perfect leader, he was out of place as second. Conception and execution were one with him; he could not be bound by another's ideas. Latent in him were inexhaustible resources, known to exist, even by himself, only as occasion required them. Only with emotions of pride might any Spaniard regard his frank intrepidity273, chivalrous bearing, and affable, generous disposition. In cruelty, subtlety274, and base cunning Pedrarias was his superior, but not in war, or statesmanship, not to mention honorable enterprise. Throughout his entire career, whatever Vasco Nu?ez touched by himself was a success; there was no chance about it, but simply energy and ability, temperate275 courage and common sense. His final overthrow276 was accomplished not by fair and open opposition, but by means most foul277 and damnable. Some might say that in this contemplated assumption of authority he was, like Icarus, flying too near the sun; yet, in truth, it was no sun, but fires infernal that melted the wax of his wings. His trial, to which let us now pass, was a judicial278 assassination279.
HYPOCRISY AND CUNNING.
Old man Pedrarias could scarcely conceal280 his exultation281 in thus having, as he imagined, outwitted his prisoner. He could with difficulty refrain from feasting his eyes upon him; nay282, he would not, and arraying his features in fatherly concern, he repaired to the prison. Gently he accosted283 Balboa, assuring him that he had been forced to this step against his will, that the treasurer, Puente, was the accuser, and that he, the governor, was in duty bound to investigate all charges, particularly accusations284 made by a royal officer. "But be not cast down, my son," said the venerable hypocrite, "neither give way to fear; for the more clearly your actions are brought to light, the brighter will shine your eminent and loyal services." 456
Going his way, Pedrarias threw himself with all his strength into the prosecution285, or rather, I should say, persecution. The laws of Spain, transported to the colonies and administered by passionate286 and unprincipled men, were capable of almost any construction desired, and hence were as often used to cloak villainy as to punish crime. The law was ever on the side of him who possessed287 the power to enforce it. All the accusations of former trials were in this instance brought together, and old charges, long since obliterated288 by royal forgiveness, were renewed. To the oft-told tales of Enciso's imprisonment289 and Nicuesa's death, were added misdeeds conjectured290 or invented by the listening sentinel, Garabito, and the rest. Arguello's letter was offered in evidence, and all his enemies had their fling at him. The licentiate, Espinosa, before whom the case was brought, was now a firm adherent291 of the governor. He had been paid his price in the South Sea command, and the downfall of Balboa would open for him further empire in that quarter.
All is going well; Pedrarias is content. The prisoner's chains are doubled. A little torture now applied292 might be pleasing in effect. Dropping the mask, Pedrarias enters the prison. "So, villain! you thought to escape me," he cried. "Your governor has become your tool, your plaything; his daughter an idle jest, jilted for a savage137 strumpet. Thank God! your days are numbered."
Balboa at first made no reply, did not even manifest surprise. He had seen, soon after the trial began, that his judges thirsted for his blood, and that he was foredoomed. Finally he spake. "I am here at your bidding. Since last we pledged friendship I have toiled295 faithfully in your behalf, and mine. I have suffered many hardships, and have overcome obstacles deemed insurmountable by most men. Never for a moment have I entertained one thought disloyal to my betrothed296 or you. For the truth of this I refer 457 you to my actions, and call God to witness. If I am guilty, as you say, why am I here? Think you, with four good ships and three hundred devoted93 men at my command, with fortune beckoning297 me from every direction, that had I harbored treason I would not have spread my sails and sought a land unknown, beyond all fear of capture? You know, my lord Pedrarias, that I am innocent."
THE SENTENCE.
It was patent to all that Vasco Nu?ez was to be sacrificed to the insatiable hate of the hoary-headed governor. Even Espinosa was becoming tired of it, and would have discharged the accused, had it not been for Pedrarias and Puente, who insisted on what they called a verdict in accordance with the law and evidence. Under such pressure Espinosa was forced to adjudge the prisoner guilty. The penalty was death. Vasco Nu?ez claimed the right of appeal to the Council of the Indies, which was denied him; to the Jeronimite Fathers, which was also denied. Espinosa became alarmed; he shrank from having on his soul the blood of this man, so gallant a cavalier, so eminent a discoverer; he never really desired more than to drive him into obscurity, and he begged the governor that the petition for appeal might be granted. "No," said Pedrarias, "if he has sinned, let him suffer."
With horror the colonists298 heard that Vasco Nu?ez was condemned299 to be beheaded. Four of his friends were to suffer with him, Andrés de Valderrábano, Luis Botello, Fernando Mu?oz, and Fernando de Argüello.
It was a dismal300 day at Acla, the chroniclers tell us, that on which five brave men were doomed294 to die, not for any crime, but as victims of a ferocious301, savage-hearted old man. At an early hour the dull strokes of the carpenter's hammer were heard in the plaza where the scaffold rose. Troops of men gathered on the streets and talked of the coming execution, wondering if there would be an attempt at rescue. But 458 Pedrarias had taken care of that. Were the heavenly powers a-dreaming that they should without interference permit this horrible crime? Alas302! these very men had just as iniquitously303 slain305 their innocent thousands. Why should we pity them? And the same oft-invoked Omnipotence had permitted the ghastly work to be done in his name. Of what avail is it to wonder?
Heavily chained, and surrounded by a strong guard, the men were brought forth. First came Vasco Nu?ez. His step and bearing were not those of a malefactor306. Fire flashed from his eye and indignation flushed his cheek as he beheld307 the preparations for his ignominy. But this renowned308 and honored chieftain, even while marching to the scaffold, was less to be pitied than Pedrarias, who from behind a screened window was this moment feasting his eyes upon the victim. Before the prisoner walked the town-crier, who, as he approached the middle of the square, exclaimed in a loud voice, "Behold the usurper309, a man recreant310 to his trust, and disloyal to his king. Let death be ever the doom293 of traitors311." "'Tis false!" cried Vasco Nu?ez. "Never have I been disloyal or untrue. To infamous treachery and wrong I yield my life, and not to justice."[XII-6] 459
THE EXECUTION.
The sacrament having been previously312 administered, and having made confession313, Vasco Nu?ez, with his usual firm step and calm demeanor314, mounted the scaffold. Raising his eyes to heaven he called on God to witness his innocence315. Then with a rapid farewell glance at heaven's light and earth's beauty, at the eager upturned faces of his friends, he placed his head upon the block, and in a moment more it was rolling trunkless on the platform!
Valderrábano, Botello, and Mu?oz each suffered in turn. Argüello remained. A last attempt was made to move Pedrarias. "It cannot be," was the reply. "Rather than one of them should live, I myself will die." It was dark before the last dull heavy stroke told the crowd that the sickening work was done. With the death of the offender316 justice is satisfied; not so vengeance317. By order of Pedrarias the head of Vasco Nu?ez was placed upon a pole, and displayed in the market-place.
Time, which throws a misty318 cloud between the present and the past, and strips the hideousness319 from many iniquitous304 deeds, drops no friendly mantle320 over the horrors of that day at Acla. One century after another rolls by, and the colors on the canvas deepen; the red gore321 dripping from the scaffold becomes redder, the black heart of Pedrarias blacker, and the generous qualities and brilliant achievements of Vasco Nu?ez shine yet brighter.
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1
reconciliation
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| n.和解，和谐，一致 | |
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2
betrothal
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| n. 婚约, 订婚 | |
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3
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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rumor
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| n.谣言，谣传，传说 | |
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meditated
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| 深思，沉思，冥想( meditate的过去式和过去分词 )； 内心策划，考虑 | |
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7
evasion
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| n.逃避，偷漏(税) | |
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infamy
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| n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行 | |
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thrifty
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| adj.节俭的；兴旺的；健壮的 | |
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feud
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| n.长期不和；世仇；v.长期争斗；世代结仇 | |
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infamous
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| adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的 | |
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12
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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marred
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| adj. 被损毁, 污损的 | |
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incompetent
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| adj.无能力的，不能胜任的 | |
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vilified
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| v.中伤，诽谤( vilify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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indignity
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| n.侮辱，伤害尊严，轻蔑 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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scruple
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| n./v.顾忌，迟疑 | |
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irate
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| adj.发怒的，生气 | |
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contentions
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| n.竞争( contention的名词复数 )；争夺；争论；论点 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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martyr
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| n.烈士，殉难者；vt.杀害，折磨，牺牲 | |
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politic
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| adj.有智虑的；精明的；v.从政 | |
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conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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exasperating
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| adj. 激怒的 动词exasperate的现在分词形式 | |
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ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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circumscription
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| n.界限；限界 | |
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outrages
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| 引起…的义愤，激怒( outrage的第三人称单数 ) | |
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outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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perversion
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| n.曲解；堕落；反常 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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beseech
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| v.祈求，恳求 | |
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calumniator
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| n.中伤者，诽谤者 | |
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malice
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| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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atone
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| v.赎罪，补偿 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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fealty
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| n.忠贞，忠节 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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46
dilemma
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| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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dominions
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| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
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defrauded
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| v.诈取，骗取( defraud的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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supervision
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| n.监督，管理 | |
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mortification
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| n.耻辱，屈辱 | |
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jurisdiction
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| n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权 | |
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54
nominally
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| 在名义上，表面地； 应名儿 | |
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55
withheld
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| withhold过去式及过去分词 | |
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persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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allured
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| 诱引，吸引( allure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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cupidity
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| n.贪心，贪财 | |
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bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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63
zealously
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| adv.热心地；热情地；积极地；狂热地 | |
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64
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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envious
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| adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的 | |
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subvert
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| v.推翻；暗中破坏；搅乱 | |
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withhold
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| v.拒绝，不给；使停止，阻挡 | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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quailed
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| 害怕，发抖，畏缩( quail的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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73
snares
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| n.陷阱( snare的名词复数 )；圈套；诱人遭受失败（丢脸、损失等）的东西；诱惑物v.用罗网捕捉，诱陷，陷害( snare的第三人称单数 ) | |
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74
pitfalls
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| （捕猎野兽用的）陷阱( pitfall的名词复数 )； 意想不到的困难，易犯的错误 | |
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75
braggart
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| n.吹牛者；adj.吹牛的，自夸的 | |
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76
mediator
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| n.调解人，中介人 | |
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77
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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78
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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79
waive
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| vt.放弃，不坚持(规定、要求、权力等) | |
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80
consummated
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| v.使结束( consummate的过去式和过去分词 )；使完美；完婚；（婚礼后的）圆房 | |
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81
illicit
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| adj.非法的，禁止的，不正当的 | |
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82
undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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83
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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84
plaza
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| n.广场，市场 | |
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85
lurking
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| 潜在 | |
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86
sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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87
stringent
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| adj.严厉的；令人信服的；银根紧的 | |
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88
restrictions
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| 约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则） | |
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89
precarious
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| adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的 | |
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90
luminous
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| adj.发光的，发亮的；光明的；明白易懂的；有启发的 | |
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91
pertinacious
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| adj.顽固的 | |
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92
devotedness
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93
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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94
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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95
insidious
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| adj.阴险的，隐匿的，暗中为害的，（疾病）不知不觉之间加剧 | |
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96
renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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97
enlisted
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| adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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98
relinquish
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| v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手 | |
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99
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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100
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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101
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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102
confiding
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| adj.相信人的，易于相信的v.吐露（秘密，心事等）( confide的现在分词 )；（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等） | |
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103
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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104
bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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105
loath
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| adj.不愿意的；勉强的 | |
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106
assented
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| 同意，赞成( assent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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107
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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108
malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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109
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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110
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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111
misgivings
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| n.疑虑，担忧，害怕；疑虑，担心，恐惧( misgiving的名词复数 )；疑惧 | |
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112
discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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113
fortify
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| v.强化防御，为…设防；加强，强化 | |
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114
tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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115
adviser
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| n.劝告者，顾问 | |
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116
marital
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| adj.婚姻的，夫妻的 | |
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117
venom
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| n.毒液，恶毒，痛恨 | |
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118
lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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119
prosecute
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| vt.告发；进行；vi.告发，起诉，作检察官 | |
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120
craved
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| 渴望，热望( crave的过去式 )； 恳求，请求 | |
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121
requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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122
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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123
notary
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| n.公证人，公证员 | |
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124
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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125
partisan
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| adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒 | |
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126
embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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127
embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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128
retaliation
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| n.报复，反击 | |
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129
outlaws
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| 歹徒，亡命之徒( outlaw的名词复数 )； 逃犯 | |
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130
sustenance
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| n.食物，粮食；生活资料；生计 | |
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131
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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132
navigate
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| v.航行，飞行；导航，领航 | |
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133
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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134
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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135
isthmus
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| n.地峡 | |
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136
diminutive
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| adj.小巧可爱的，小的 | |
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137
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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138
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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139
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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140
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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141
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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142
bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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143
hew
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| v.砍；伐；削 | |
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144
hewing
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| v.（用斧、刀等）砍、劈( hew的现在分词 )；砍成；劈出；开辟 | |
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145
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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146
squads
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| n.（军队中的）班( squad的名词复数 )；（暗杀）小组；体育运动的运动（代表）队；（对付某类犯罪活动的）警察队伍 | |
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147
goaded
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| v.刺激( goad的过去式和过去分词 )；激励；（用尖棒）驱赶；驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人 | |
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148
marshy
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| adj.沼泽的 | |
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149
thicket
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| n.灌木丛，树林 | |
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150
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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151
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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152
strewed
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| v.撒在…上( strew的过去式和过去分词 )；散落于；点缀；撒满 | |
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153
putrid
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| adj.腐臭的；有毒的；已腐烂的；卑劣的 | |
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154
feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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155
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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156
hewed
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| v.（用斧、刀等）砍、劈( hew的过去式和过去分词 )；砍成；劈出；开辟 | |
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157
forage
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| n.(牛马的)饲料，粮草；v.搜寻，翻寻 | |
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158
deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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159
foraging
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| v.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）( forage的现在分词 )；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西） | |
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160
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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161
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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162
brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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163
voracious
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| adj.狼吞虎咽的，贪婪的 | |
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164
isles
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| 岛( isle的名词复数 ) | |
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165
faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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166
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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167
pacifying
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| 使（某人）安静( pacify的现在分词 )； 息怒； 抚慰； 在（有战争的地区、国家等）实现和平 | |
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168
eastward
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| adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部 | |
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169
fickle
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| adj.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的 | |
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170
malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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171
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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172
supersede
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| v.替代；充任 | |
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173
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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174
paraphernalia
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| n.装备；随身用品 | |
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175
undertakings
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| 企业( undertaking的名词复数 )； 保证； 殡仪业； 任务 | |
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176
allay
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| v.消除，减轻(恐惧、怀疑等) | |
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177
morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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178
juncture
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| n.时刻，关键时刻，紧要关头 | |
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179
malevolence
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| n.恶意，狠毒 | |
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180
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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181
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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182
awning
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| n.遮阳篷；雨篷 | |
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183
lurch
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| n.突然向前或旁边倒；v.蹒跚而行 | |
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184
villain
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| n.反派演员，反面人物；恶棍；问题的起因 | |
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185
foretold
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| v.预言，预示( foretell的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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186
auditor
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| n.审计员，旁听着 | |
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187
jeopardy
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| n.危险；危难 | |
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188
bustling
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| adj.喧闹的 | |
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189
ablaze
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| adj.着火的，燃烧的；闪耀的，灯火辉煌的 | |
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190
firmament
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| n.苍穹；最高层 | |
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191
portentous
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| adj.不祥的，可怕的，装腔作势的 | |
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192
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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193
demolition
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| n.破坏,毁坏,毁坏之遗迹 | |
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195
collapse
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| vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷 | |
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196
prosecuted
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| a.被起诉的 | |
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197
behooved
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| v.适宜( behoove的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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198
countermanding
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| v.取消（命令），撤回( countermand的现在分词 ) | |
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199
ascertain
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| vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清 | |
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200
superseded
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| [医]被代替的，废弃的 | |
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201
purporting
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| v.声称是…，（装得）像是…的样子( purport的现在分词 ) | |
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202
stratagem
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| n.诡计，计谋 | |
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203
complicating
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| 使复杂化( complicate的现在分词 ) | |
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204
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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205
implicit
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| a.暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的，绝对的 | |
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206
prominence
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| n.突出；显著；杰出；重要 | |
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207
fawning
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| adj.乞怜的，奉承的v.（尤指狗等）跳过来往人身上蹭以示亲热( fawn的现在分词 )；巴结；讨好 | |
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208
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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209
lurked
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| vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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210
improper
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| adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的 | |
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211
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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212
miscreant
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| n.恶棍 | |
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213
presumption
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| n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定 | |
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214
ratify
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| v.批准，认可，追认 | |
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215
fatten
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| v.使肥，变肥 | |
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216
precipitate
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| adj.突如其来的；vt.使突然发生；n.沉淀物 | |
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217
traitorous
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| adj. 叛国的, 不忠的, 背信弃义的 | |
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218
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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219
magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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220
stipulated
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| vt.& vi.规定；约定adj.[法]合同规定的 | |
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221
expiration
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| n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物 | |
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222
labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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223
pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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224
expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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225
revival
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| n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振 | |
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226
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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227
contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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228
malignity
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| n.极度的恶意，恶毒；（病的）恶性 | |
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229
incarnate
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| adj.化身的，人体化的，肉色的 | |
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230
rupture
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| n.破裂；(关系的)决裂；v.(使)破裂 | |
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231
intercepted
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| 拦截( intercept的过去式和过去分词 )； 截住； 截击； 拦阻 | |
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232
conflagration
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| n.建筑物或森林大火 | |
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233
kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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234
ruse
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| n.诡计，计策；诡计 | |
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235
justifiable
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| adj.有理由的，无可非议的 | |
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236
hazardous
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| adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的 | |
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237
chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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238
disparaging
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| adj.轻蔑的，毁谤的v.轻视( disparage的现在分词 )；贬低；批评；非难 | |
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239
repudiation
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| n.拒绝；否认；断绝关系；抛弃 | |
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240
treasurer
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| n.司库，财务主管 | |
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241
consultation
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| n.咨询；商量；商议；会议 | |
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242
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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243
lengthy
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| adj.漫长的，冗长的 | |
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244
muster
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| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
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245
hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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246
omnipotence
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| n.全能，万能，无限威力 | |
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247
momenta
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| 动力，要素，动量(momentum的复数) | |
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248
interrogated
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| v.询问( interrogate的过去式和过去分词 )；审问；（在计算机或其他机器上）查询 | |
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249
genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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250
enjoining
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| v.命令( enjoin的现在分词 ) | |
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251
secrecy
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| n.秘密，保密，隐蔽 | |
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252
preposterous
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| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
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253
meditations
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| 默想( meditation的名词复数 )； 默念； 沉思； 冥想 | |
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254
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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255
wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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256
remonstrance
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| n抗议，抱怨 | |
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257
arena
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| n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台 | |
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258
iniquity
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| n.邪恶；不公正 | |
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259
hypocrisy
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| n.伪善，虚伪 | |
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260
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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261
nettles
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| n.荨麻( nettle的名词复数 ) | |
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262
assorted
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| adj.各种各样的，各色俱备的 | |
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263
yoked
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| 结合（yoke的过去式形式） | |
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264
avaricious
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| adj.贪婪的，贪心的 | |
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265
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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266
coveted
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| adj.令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的v.贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词)；垂涎；贪图 | |
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267
equity
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| n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票 | |
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268
aspired
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| v.渴望，追求( aspire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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269
illiterate
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| adj.文盲的；无知的；n.文盲 | |
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270
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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271
deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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272
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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273
intrepidity
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| n.大胆，刚勇；大胆的行为 | |
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274
subtlety
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| n.微妙，敏锐，精巧；微妙之处，细微的区别 | |
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275
temperate
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| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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276
overthrow
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| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
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277
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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278
judicial
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| adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的 | |
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279
assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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280
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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281
exultation
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| n.狂喜，得意 | |
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282
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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283
accosted
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| v.走过去跟…讲话( accost的过去式和过去分词 )；跟…搭讪；（乞丐等）上前向…乞讨；（妓女等）勾搭 | |
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284
accusations
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| n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名 | |
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285
prosecution
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| n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营 | |
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286
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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287
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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288
obliterated
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| v.除去( obliterate的过去式和过去分词 )；涂去；擦掉；彻底破坏或毁灭 | |
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289
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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290
conjectured
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| 推测，猜测，猜想( conjecture的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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291
adherent
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| n.信徒，追随者，拥护者 | |
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292
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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293
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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294
doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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295
toiled
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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296
betrothed
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| n. 已订婚者 动词betroth的过去式和过去分词 | |
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297
beckoning
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| adj.引诱人的，令人心动的v.（用头或手的动作）示意，召唤( beckon的现在分词 ) | |
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298
colonists
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| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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299
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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300
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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301
ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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302
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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303
iniquitously
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| adv.不正地，非法地 | |
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304
iniquitous
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| adj.不公正的；邪恶的；高得出奇的 | |
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305
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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306
malefactor
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| n.罪犯 | |
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307
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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308
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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309
usurper
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| n. 篡夺者, 僭取者 | |
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310
recreant
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| n.懦夫；adj.胆怯的 | |
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311
traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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312
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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313
confession
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| n.自白，供认，承认 | |
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314
demeanor
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| n.行为；风度 | |
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315
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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316
offender
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| n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者 | |
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317
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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318
misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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319
hideousness
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320
mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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321
gore
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| n.凝血，血污；v.（动物）用角撞伤，用牙刺破；缝以补裆；顶 | |
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