f the four families of the race of Bismarck, who quitted Burgstall at the Easter of 1563, three had perished in the male line in the first generation; the youngest branch had completely died out with Jobst and George; and in the elder, Henry had left behind his only daughter, Anna Ottilie, who married Fritz von der Schulenburg at Uetz. Frederick alone perpetuated3 the race, and all the property of the elder and younger branches at Crevese and Sch?nhausen fell to his line. He was known in early days as the Permutator. Perhaps he had represented his family in the negotiations4 with the Electoral Prince respecting Burgstall; we have seen that the two brothers of the elder line preceded the younger ones in conceding the property. But the designation is unfitting, as he was rather permutated (bartered) than a permutator.
On his death in 1589, he left behind him, by his marriage with Anna von Wenckstern, three sons and a daughter. The race of the youngest son, Abraham, and of his wife Anna[58] Schenck von Flechtingen, perished in the next generation. The second son, Pantaleon, married to Anna von der Schulenburg, is the ancestor of the flourishing and numerous branches of the Bismarcks of Crevese.
The Sch?nhausen branch was continued by Frederick’s eldest6 son, the Captain Ludolf von Bismarck. In 1560 he joined in a campaign against the Turks under the command of Wolff Gleissenthaler, who commanded a troop of 1,300 horse in the name of the Elector of Saxony, in the imperial army. Ludolf married Sophie von Alvensleben in 1579, and died in 1598. He was succeeded in the possession of Sch?nhausen by his only son Valentine, who married Bertha von der Asseburg[10] in 1607, and died on the 12th of April, 1620. His second son, August von Bismarck, succeeded him at Sch?nhausen. He was born on the 13th of February, 1611, and died the 2d of February, 1670, a Colonel in the Elector of Brandenburg’s army, and Commandant of the fortress7 of Peitz. Having entered the army in his earliest youth, he took service under the Rhinegrave in 1631. After the battle of N?rdlingen, in 1634, he served in the army of Duke Bernhard of Weimar; served also till 1640 in Lothringen, Burgundy, and France, but then passed over into the service of Brandenburg. He was thrice married, first to Helene Elizabeth von Kottwitz, then to Dorothea Elizabeth von Katte,[11] and lastly to Frederica Sophia von M?llendorff.[12]
A young brother of this August was Valentine Busso; born 1622, died 18th of May, 1679; had issue by his wife, a Von[59] Bardeleben,[13] the General Frederick Christopher von Bismarck, who died in command of Küstrin in 1704. The second son of the first marriage of Christopher Frederick with Louise Margarethe von der Asseburg, was Ludolf August, the only adventurous8 member of the family of the Bismarcks of Sch?nhausen.
Ludolf August von Bismarck was born on the 21st of March, 1683, entered the army at an early age, and as a valiant9 soldier, a handsome person, of rare intellect, he made a great figure. Something uneasy and adventurous was early observed in his character. On the 22d of November, 1704, he married Johanna Margarethe von der Asseburg, who died in 1719, only leaving him a daughter, Albertine Louise, and who married, in 1738 or 1739, a Prussian officer, named Frederick William von der Alben. When a lieutenant-colonel in garrison10 at Magdeburg, Ludolf August had the misfortune to kill a footman, either in anger or when intoxicated11. He concealed12 the corpse13 under the bed, and fled. Nevertheless, he obtained a pardon through his great patron General Field-Marshal Gneomar Dubislaw von Natzmer,[14] who possessed15 great influence with King Frederick William I., and had won great fame in battle against the Swedes, Turks, and French, and was also distinguished16 for exemplary piety17. He was the stepbrother of Count Zinzendorf, the founder18 of the Moravians, through his second wife, born a Von Gersdorf.[60] Bismarck was pardoned for his desertion, and reinstated; but promotion19 did not ensue. Bismarck was thrice passed over on regimental changes; for the King entertained some anger against him, despite of his experience. Bismarck did not bear this long; he sold his estate of Skatiken in Prussian Lithuania, quitted the army, and entered the Russian service in 1732. In the next year, on the 26th of May, 1733, he married a Mademoiselle Trotte von Treyden, whose sister was the wife of Biron,[15] the favorite of the Empress Anna, and afterwards Duke of Courland. He combined his fortunes with those of that remarkable personage; but shared his disgrace, and was banished21 to Siberia. But by means of his considerable talents he seemed to have made friends outside of the Biron party, for he was soon recalled, and appointed a General. Bismarck governed several districts with ability, and fulfilled some diplomatic missions, especially at the court of London, to the perfect satisfaction of all, and seems to have conducted himself with peculiar23 tact24, so as to come into collision with no party; and he succeeded in maintaining the position he had earned in the service of the State. He finally became General in the Ukraine, and died in October, 1750, at Pultawa. He left no issue by his second marriage, with the sister of the Duchess Biron of Courland.
A century after Ludolf August, a second Bismarck of Sch?nhausen visited Russia, under specially22 honorable circumstances. This was Frederick William von Bismarck, the famous Cavalry25[61] General of Würtemberg, also known as an esteemed26 military author. He was born on the 28th of July, 1783, at Windheim on the Weser, and joined the Brunswick service in 1797. He afterwards served in England, and finally in Würtemberg, where he very greatly distinguished himself, and rose to the rank of General. He was the Würtemberg ambassador to Berlin, Dresden, Hanover, and Carlsruhe. He aided in the reconstruction27 of the Danish army in 1826, and was esteemed so high an authority on cavalry matters, that the Emperor Nicholas summoned him, in 1835, to Russia, to inspect his cavalry. In 1818, Bismarck was created a Count by the King of Würtemberg, which title he transmitted after his marriage with the Princess Augusta Amalia of Nassau-Usingen (born 30th December, 1778; died 16th July, 1846, the last of the line Nassau-Usingen),[16] on her bringing him no issue, to the descendants of his deceased elder brother, John Henry Ludwig. On the 3d of April, 1848, he again married Amalia Julie Thibaut, and died on the 18th of June, 1860. His descendants by this marriage, a son and a daughter, form the second lines of the Count Bismarcks of Würtemberg, the other line existing in the family of his deceased brother.
The third Bismarck of Sch?nhausen, who went to Russia as the representative of His Majesty28 the King of Prussia, is our Minister-President.
Colonel August von Bismarck was succeeded in Sch?nhausen by his second son, also named August;—born the 15th of May, 1666; married the 24th of April, 1694, to Dorothea Sophie von Katte; died the 18th of June, 1732. He was Councillor and Land Commissioner29 to the Elector of Brandenburg, the builder or restorer of the present mansion30 of Sch?nhausen. He was succeeded by the eldest of his seven sons, August Frederick—born the 2d of April, 1695—who met a hero’s death as Colonel and Commandant of the regiment20 of Anspach-Baireuth Dragoons in the year 1742, at the battle of Chotusitz.[17] It is said that the[62] Minister-President in person is extremely like this Bismarck, his great-grandfather, who was an excellent soldier, and high in favor with Frederick the Great. August Frederick was twice married, first to Stephanie von Dewitz, and then to Frederica Charlotte von Tresckow.
CHARLES ALEXANDER VON BISMARCK.
The second son of the first marriage of this brave soldier was the intellectual Charles Alexander von Bismarck, born in 1727. He was about to accompany his maternal31 uncle, one of the Von Dewitz family, to his post, which was that of Prussian Ambassador to Vienna, when Frederick the Great appointed his future to be otherwise. Charles Alexander entered the royal chamber32 an attaché of the embassy, but quitted it as a cavalry officer. He was averse33 to the military art, and soon obtained his discharge as a captain. On the 5th of March, 1762, he married Christine Charlotte Gottliebe von Sch?nfeld—born the 25th of December,[63] 1741; deceased on the 22d of October, 1772—her mother having been a sister of his mother, one of the Dewitz family. An elegant French composition, by Charles Alexander, is preserved; a spirited and touching34 memorial of his departed wife, in the inflated35 style of those days. The title of this composition—of greater merit than usually the case with such writings—is as follows: “Eloge ou Monument érigé à la Mémoire de C. C. G. de Bismarck, née de Schoenfeld, par14 Charles Alexandre de Bismarck. Berlin, 1774.”
CHRISTINE VON BISMARCK.
We select a few passages therefrom:—
“My friend lost her mother (Sophie Eleonore von Dewitz) in her earliest childhood, and her maternal grandmother (Louise Emilie von Dewitz, born a Von Zeethen of the family of Trebnitz) took her to live with her at Hoffelde. She was there nurtured36 in retirement37 and innocence38, and already won my heart by her filial gentleness. There I found her once more, after years of war and life in a distant garrison, in perfect innocence, the charming picture of a blushing rose. O! that ye could return, ye hours of rapture39! when the society of this sweet creature, who in her solitude[64] had received nothing from art, but every thing from the hand of nature, filled my soul with such celestial40 joy, that in possessing her I forgot, not alone every evil of life, but even every minor41 grief! Return at least for an instant to my remembrance, ye sweetest of hours, for alas42! the pang43 of sorrow will needs drive you away too soon! Above all, return, thou memory of yon magnificent spring night, upon which I wandered, between my best-beloved and her dear sister, in the outskirts44 of a majestic45 and peaceful forest, under the silvery moonlight, while the brooks46 trilled and the nightingale raised her sorrowing tones. My heart was instinct with love, and attuned47 to the enchanting48 prospect49. I felt the beauty of the earth, and the still greater loveliness of innocence, indwelling those hearts so full of affection for me! But, no! this reminiscence is now too powerful for my feelings, and my tear-bedewed eye is too weak to bear the dazzling glory of joy! No other evening is destined50 for me on earth such as that was! She exists no longer who made that evening more charming to me than all the beauties of nature. She has left me forever! Soon afterwards our society was interrupted, our supposed felicity was bitterly destroyed. Our grandmother, the refuge of her grandchildren, the sustainer of all the poor of her neighborhood, died. My friend and I were parted, and the sorrow which succeeds all evanescent joy became our portion.
“Still it was not that terrible misery51 which now oppresses my heart. Well-founded hopes comforted and the tenderest affection aided us. My hopes were not in vain. The slight cloud which had veiled the morning sun—which gave me life—passed away, and his ray soon shone forth52 with accustomed glory. With anxious unrest I yearned53 to associate myself with my friend to the brink54 of the grave. Could I but have done so for eternity55! Our compact, however, is not yet broken, and will endure as long as my tears can flow, and the soul of my beloved was too beautiful to prevent their flowing forever. Her excellent father, who might have bestowed56 her on a better and a richer man, gave her to me because my beloved would not have a better or richer man, nor any man save myself. What words, my father, could express my thanks for this favor, unless they could to some extent mark the value of your daughter, and stand in some relation to my lost happiness and my present grief! The[65] silent tears that overflow57 my cheeks are more eloquent58 than words. You can not see my tears, but perchance God beholds59 them, and your daughter also. A tear is the only gratitude60 I can offer. May the conviction cheer you that you could not have given your virtuous61 daughter to any one who loved her more affectionately, faithfully, and unselfishly than I did!
“You then gave her to me, my father. The 5th of March, 1762, was the happiest day of my life. I still hear the words which my tender bride selected for herself: ‘Intreat me not to leave thee or to return from following after thee, for whither thou goest I will go, and where thou lodgest I will lodge62: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God. Where thou diest will I die, and there will I be buried: the Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee and me’ (Ruth i. 16, 17). I cherish the hope, the only hope now animating63 me, that even death does not part us.
“With what delight, my friend and my father, did I then receive her from your hand. Alas! that I had left her with thee! I declare with the sincerity64 of one who is comfortless that I should have done so, had I known that death would so soon have withdrawn65 her from my arms!
“I should then have lost eleven years of a life such as angels only lead; but I would willingly have sacrificed these happiest years of my earthly life. Then I felt as secure from such thoughts of death as if I were to retain her forever! but she left thee and her relatives in tears, and her peerless heart impelled66 her to ask my pardon for these very tears. Of this nature were all her imperfections. What happiness did I not anticipate in the future on the revelation of such tender sentiments; and the realization67 was still greater than my expectation. Our days passed away in happiness and peace. Could this state of things last forever? It was heaven upon earth, for me at least; for what can be preferred to this intimate association with a charming, joyous68, tender, intelligent, and virtuous woman? Exclusively to love! exclusively to be beloved!
“Nature had endowed my friend with beauties of person and mind, by which she could not fail to please. The first would immediately fascinate the eye, the second preserved that fascination69 forever. Perhaps I ought only to dwell upon the last as the fountains[66] of her virtues70. But it would be ungrateful to be silent respecting the once visible half of the charming whole, by which alone we learn to know the other invisible portion, causing virtuous thoughts to grow into virtuous deeds, and without which I can not even realize any picture of my beloved friend. She was of noble form, pleasant and well formed. Her expression was exactly equivalent to its necessary power of pleasing. Her hair of dark yellow tint71. Her forehead was prominent, which she herself regretted, but which made her more beautiful in the eyes of others. Her brow never betrayed pride or passion. Her eyes were bluish-gray—their expression was attentive72 and watchful73, but joyous. Her heart was light, mild, and ever open, and ever performed what her eye promised. Her nose was very handsome, somewhat high in the centre, but not to the extent visible in ambitious or passionate74 women. Her cheeks were breathed upon by the happy bloom of health, and the still more lovely blush of shame readily rose. Her mouth, which never gave an untrue kiss, which never uttered a word of vanity, of slander75, or of lust76, displayed handsome, well-arranged teeth, and balmy lips. The gentle smile of this mouth, the seat of innocence, how soon, alas! was it to pass away! The outlines of the lower part of the face were soft, the chin well formed. The profile was artistic77, and so excellent that a famous Berlin painter desired to sketch78 it for that alone. Her manners manifested a noble freedom, neatness, and good taste.”[18]
Thus does Bismarck’s grandfather depict79 his wife. There certainly is much of the sentimentality of the times in these characteristic sentences, but there is more—true affection and a cultivated sense. It evinces a well of poesy in the individual, that we grieve to find these thoughts clothed in the choicest French. The poet in him is then first justified80 when these periods are re-translated into German, for that they were thought in German is not to be doubted.
The four sons of Charles Alexander are:—Ernst Frederick Alexander, born the 14th of February, 1763; died a Colonel and Brigadier in 1813; his eldest son by a marriage with Louise von Miltitz is Theodore Alexander Frederick Philip von Bismarck,[67] created Count Bismarck-Bohlen, the 21st of February, 1818. He is the second Bismarck of Sch?nhausen who gained the rank of Count; for the General Frederick von Bismarck, who obtained a similar dignity in the same year and month (the 17th February, 1818), from the King of Würtemberg, was also a Sch?nhausen. His line still endures in one son, while the title was also ceded5 to the descendants of his elder brother, the present Count von Bismarck-Schierstein.
The second son of Charles Alexander was Frederick Adolf Ludwig, born the 1st of August, 1766; he died in 1831, a retired81 Lieut.-General. In 1813 he was Commandant of Leipzig, in 1814 of Stettin, and owned the knight’s fee and estate of Templin, near Potsdam.
The third was Philip Ludwig Leopold Frederick, born the 21st February, 1770, a Major in the Mecklenburg Hussar Regiment; he died on the 25th October, 1813, at Halle on the Saale, of his wounds received at the battle of M?ckern.
The fourth and last, Charles William Ferdinand, was the father of the present Minister-President.
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1
genealogy
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| n.家系，宗谱 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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perpetuated
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| vt.使永存（perpetuate的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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ceded
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| v.让给，割让，放弃( cede的过去式 ) | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的；惊心动魄的，惊险的，刺激的 | |
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valiant
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| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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intoxicated
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| 喝醉的，极其兴奋的 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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par
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| n.标准，票面价值，平均数量；adj.票面的，平常的，标准的 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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tact
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| n.机敏，圆滑，得体 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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reconstruction
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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commissioner
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| n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员 | |
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mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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maternal
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| adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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inflated
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| adj.（价格）飞涨的；（通货）膨胀的；言过其实的；充了气的v.使充气（于轮胎、气球等）( inflate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）膨胀；（使）通货膨胀；物价上涨 | |
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nurtured
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| 养育( nurture的过去式和过去分词 )； 培育； 滋长； 助长 | |
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retirement
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innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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rapture
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| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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celestial
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| adj.天体的；天上的 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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pang
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| n.剧痛，悲痛，苦闷 | |
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outskirts
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| n.郊外，郊区 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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brooks
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attuned
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| v.使协调( attune的过去式和过去分词 )；调音 | |
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enchanting
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| a.讨人喜欢的 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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yearned
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| 渴望，切盼，向往( yearn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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brink
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| n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿 | |
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eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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overflow
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| v.(使)外溢，(使)溢出；溢出，流出，漫出 | |
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eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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beholds
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| v.看，注视( behold的第三人称单数 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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animating
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| v.使有生气( animate的现在分词 )；驱动；使栩栩如生地动作；赋予…以生命 | |
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sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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67
realization
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| n.实现；认识到，深刻了解 | |
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68
joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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70
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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71
tint
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| n.淡色，浅色；染发剂；vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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72
attentive
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| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
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watchful
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| adj.注意的，警惕的 | |
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passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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75
slander
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| n./v.诽谤，污蔑 | |
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76
lust
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| n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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78
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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depict
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| vt.描画，描绘；描写，描述 | |
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80
justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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81
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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