Lord Byron’s lines on Voltaire and Gibbon (Childe Harold, iii., 105-107) are well known. He says:
They were gigantic minds, and their steep aim
Was, Titan-like, on daring doubts to pile
Thoughts which should call down thunder, and the flame
Of Heaven again assail’d, if Heaven the while
The one was fire and fickleness9, a child
Most mutable in wishes, but in mind
He multiplied himself among mankind,
The Proteus of their talents:
But his own
Blew where it listed, laying all things prone,—
Now to o’erthrow a fool, and now to shake a throne.
The other, deep and slow, exhausting thought,
And having wisdom with each studious year,
And shaped his weapon with an edge severe,
The lord of iron,—that master-spell,
And doom’d him to the zealot’s ready Hell,
Which answers to all doubts so eloquently21 well.
Warton, the learned critic and author of a History of Poetry (Dissertation I.) remarked: “Voltaire, a writer of much deeper research than is imagined, and the first who has displayed the literature and customs of the dark ages with any degree of penetration22 and comprehension.” Robertson, the historian, similarly observed that, had Voltaire only given his authorities, “many of his readers who only consider him as an entertaining and lively writer would have found that he is a learned and well informed historian.”
Lord Holland wrote, in his account of the Life and Writings of Lope de Vega: “Till Voltaire appeared there was no nation more ignorant of its neighbors’ literature than the French. He first exposed and then corrected this neglect in his countrymen. There is no writer to whom the authors of other nations, especially of England, are so indebted for the extension of their fame in France, and, through France, in Europe. There is no critic who has employed more time, wit, ingenuity23, and diligence in promoting the literary intercourse24 between country and country, and in celebrating in one language the triumphs of another. His enemies would fain persuade us that such exuberance25 of wit implies a want of information; but they only succeed in showing that a want of wit by no means implies an exuberance of information.”
Goethe said: “Voltaire will ever be regarded as the greatest name in literature in modern times, and perhaps even in all ages, as the most astonishing creation of nature, in which she united, in one frail26 human organisation27, all the varieties of talent, all the glories of genius, all the potencies28 of thought. If you wish depth, genius, imagination, taste, reason, sensibility, philosophy, elevation29, originality30, nature, intellect, fancy, rectitude, facility, flexibility31, precision, art, abundance, variety, fertility, warmth, magic, charm, grace, force, an eagle sweep of vision, vast understanding, instruction rich, tone excellent, urbanity, suavity32, delicacy33, correctness, purity, cleanness, eloquence34, harmony, brilliancy, rapidity, gaiety, pathos35, sublimity36 and universality—perfection indeed—behold Voltaire.”
Lord Brougham, in his Lives of Men of Letters and Science who flourished in the time of George III., devotes a considerable section to Voltaire. After censuring37 “the manner in which he devoted38 himself to crying down the sacred things of his country,” he continues: “But, though it would be exceedingly wrong to pass over this great and prevailing39 fault without severe reprobation40, it would be equally unjust, nay41, ungrateful, ever to forget the immense obligations under which Voltaire has laid mankind by his writings, the pleasure derived42 from his fancy and his wit, the amusement which his singular and original humor bestows43, even the copious44 instruction with which his historical works are pregnant, and the vast improvement in the manner of writing history which we owe to him. Yet, great as these services are—among the greatest that can be rendered by a man of letters—they are really of far inferior value to the benefits which have resulted from his long and arduous46 struggle against oppression, especially against tyranny in the worst form which it can assume, the persecution47 of opinion, the infraction48 of the sacred right to exercise the reason upon all subjects, unfettered by prejudice, uncontrolled by authority, whether of great names or of temporal power.”
Macaulay, in his Essay on Frederick the Great, observes: “In truth, of all the intellectual weapons which have ever been wielded49 by man, the most terrible was the mockery of Voltaire. Bigots and tyrants50, who had never been moved by the wailing51 and cursing of millions, turned pale at his name.”
Carlyle, in his depreciatory52 essay, acknowledged: “Perhaps there is no writer, not a mere53 compiler, but writing from his own invention or elaboration, who has left so many volumes behind him; and if to the merely arithmetical we add a critical estimate, the singularity is still greater; for these volumes are not written without an appearance of due care and preparation; perhaps there is not one altogether feeble and confused treatise55, nay, one feeble and confused sentence to be found in them.” And at the end he admits: “He gave the death-stab to modern Superstition56! That horrid57 incubus58, which dwelt in darkness, shunning59 the light, is passing away; with all its racks and poison chalices60, and foul61 sleeping-draughts, is passing away without return. It was a most weighty service.”
One of the strangest of tributes to Voltaire is that from Ruskin, the disciple62 of Carlyle. In his Fors Clavigera (vol. viii., p. 76) he says: “There are few stronger adversaries63 to St. George than Voltaire. But my scholars are welcome to read as much of Voltaire as they like. His voice is mighty64 among the ages.”
Dr. D. F. Strauss wrote: “Voltaire’s historical significance has been illustrated65 by the observation of Goethe that, as in families whose existence has been of long duration, Nature sometimes at length produces an individual who sums up in himself the collective qualities of all his ancestors, so it happens also with nations, whose collective merits (and demerits) sometimes appear epitomised in one individual person. Thus in Louis XIV. stood forth66 the highest figure of a French monarch67. Thus, in Voltaire, the highest conceivable and congenial representative of French authorship. We may extend the observation farther, if, instead of the French nation only, we take into view the whole European generation on which Voltaire’s influence was exercised. From this point of view we may call Voltaire emphatically the representative writer of the eighteenth century, as Goethe called him, in the highest sense, the representative writer of France.”
Victor Hugo, in the magnificent oration54 which he pronounced on the centenary of Voltaire’s death, said: “Voltaire waged the splendid kind of warfare68, the war of one alone against all—that is to say, the grand warfare; the war of thought against matter; the war of reason against prejudice; the war of the just against the unjust; the war of the oppressed against the oppressor; the war of goodness; the war of kindness. He had the tenderness of a woman and the wrath of a hero. He was a great mind and an immense heart. He conquered the old code and the old dogma. He conquered the feudal69 lord, the Gothic judge, the Roman priest. He raised the populace to the dignity of people. He taught, pacified70, and civilised. He fought for Sirven and Montbailly, as for Calas and La Barre. He accepted all the menaces, all the persecutions, calumny71, and exile. He was indefatigable72 and immovable. He conquered violence by a smile, despotism by sarcasm73, infallibility by irony74, obstinacy75 by perseverance76, ignorance by truth.”
Buckle77, in his History of Civilisation78 (vol. ii., p. 304) says: “It would be impossible to relate all the original remarks of Voltaire, which, when he made them, were attacked as dangerous paradoxes79, and are now valued as sober truths. He was the first historian who recommended universal freedom of trade; and although he expresses himself with great caution, still, the mere announcement of the idea is a popular history forms an epoch80 in the progress of the French mind. He is the originator of that important distinction between the increase of population and the increase of food, to which political economy has been greatly indebted, a principle adopted several years later by Townsend, and then used by Malthus as the basis of his celebrated81 work. He has, moreover, the merit of being the first who dispelled82 the childish admiration83 with which the Middle Ages had been hitherto regarded. In his works the Middle Ages are for the first time represented as what they really were—a period of ignorance, ferocity, and licentiousness84; a period when injuries were unredressed, crime unpunished, and superstition unrebuked.” Again (page 308): “No one reasoned more closely than Voltaire when reasoning suited his purpose. But he had to deal with men impervious85 to argument; men whose inordinate86 reverence87 for antiquity88 had only left them two ideas, namely, that everything old is right, and that everything new is wrong. To argue against these opinions would be idle indeed; the only other resource was to make them ridiculous, and weaken their influence by holding up their authors to contempt. This was one of the tasks Voltaire set himself to perform; and he did it well. He therefore used ridicule, not as the test of truth, but as the scourge89 of folly90. And with such effect was the punishment administered that not only did the pedants91 and theologians of his own time wince92 under the lash93, but even their successors feel their ears tingle94 when they read his biting words; and they revenge themselves by reviling95 the memory of the great writer whose works are as a thorn in their side, and whose very name they hold in undisguised abhorrence96.”
Mr. Lecky, in his History of Rationalism in Europe (vol. ii., p. 66) says: “Voltaire was at all times the unflinching opponent of persecution. No matter how powerful was the persecutor97, no matter how insignificant98 was the victim, the same scathing99 eloquence was launched against the crime, and the indignation of Europe was soon concentrated upon the oppressor. The fearful storm of sarcasm and invective100 that avenged101 the murder of Calas, the magnificent dream in the Philosophical102 Dictionary reviewing the history of persecution from the slaughtered103 Canaanites to the latest victim who had perished at the stake, the indelible stigma104 branded upon the persecutors of every age and of every creed, all attested105 the intense and passionate106 earnestness with which Voltaire addressed himself to his task. On other subjects a jest or a caprice could often turn him aside. When attacking intolerance he employed, indeed, every weapon; but he employed them all with the concentrated energy of a profound conviction. His success was equal to his zeal19; the spirit of intolerance sank blasted beneath his genius. Wherever his influence passed, the arm of the inquisitor was palsied, the chain of the captive riven, the prison door flung open. Beneath his withering107 irony, persecution appeared not only criminal but loathsome108, and since his time it has ever shrunk from observation and masked its features under other names. He died, leaving a reputation that is indeed far from spotless, but having done more to destroy the greatest of human curses than any other of the sons of men.”
Mr. Lecky, in his History of England in the Eighteenth Century (v., 312), observes: “No previous writer can compare with him in the wideness and justness of his conceptions of history, and even now no historian can read without profit his essays on the subject. No one before had so strongly urged that history should not be treated as a collection of pictures or anecdotes109 relating to courts or battles, but should be made a record and explanation of the true development of nations, of the causes of their growth and decay, of their characteristic virtues110 and vices45, of the changes that pass over their laws, customs, opinions, social and economical conditions, and over the relative importance and well-being111 of their different classes... (p. 315). Untiring industry, an extraordinary variety of interests and aptitudes112, a judgment113 at once sound, moderate, and independent, a rare power of seizing in every subject the essential argument or facts, a disposition114 to take no old opinions on trust and to leave no new opinions unexamined, combined in him with the most extraordinary literary talent. Never, perhaps, was there an intellect at once so luminous115, versatile116, and flexible, which produced so much, which could deal with such a vast range of difficult subjects without being ever obscure, tangled117, or dull.”
Colonel Hamley wrote: “But after the winnowings of generations, a wide and deep repute still remains118 to him; nor will any diminution119 which it may have suffered be without compensation, for, with the fading of old prejudices, and with better knowledge, his name will be regarded with increased liking120 and respect. Yet it must not be supposed that he is here held up as a pattern man. He was, indeed, an infinitely121 better one than the religious bigots of that time. He believed, with far better effect on his practice than they could boast, in a Supreme122 Ruler. He was the untiring and eloquent20 advocate at the bar of the universe of the rights of humanity.”
Mr. Swinburne has well expressed this characteristic. “Voltaire’s great work,” he says, “was to have done more than any other man on record to make the instinct of cruelty not only detestable, but ludicrous; and so to accomplish what the holiest and the wisest of saints and philosophers had failed to achieve: to attack the most hideous123 and pernicious of human vices with a more effective weapon than preaching and denunciation: to make tyrants and torturers look not merely horrible and hateful, but pitiful and ridiculous.”
Edgar Quinet, in his lectures on the Church, says: “I watch for forty years the reign124 of one man who is himself the spiritual direction, not of his country, but of his age. From the corner of his chamber125 he governs the realm of mind. Everyday intellects are regulated by his; one word written by his hand traverses Europe. Princes love and kings fear him. Nations repeat the words that fall from his pen. Who exercises this incredible power which has nowhere been seen since the Middle Ages? Is he another Gregory VII? Is he a Pope? No—Voltaire.”
And Lamartine, in similar strain, remarks: “If we judge of men by what they have done, then Voltaire is incontestibly the greatest writer of modern Europe. No one has caused, through the powerful influence of his genius alone and the perseverance of his will, so great a commotion126 in the minds of men. His pen aroused a sleeping world, and shook a far mightier127 empire than that of Charlemagne, the European empire of a theocracy128. His genius was not force, but light. Heaven had destined129 him not to destroy, but to illuminate130; and wherever he trod, light followed him, for Reason—which is light—had destined him to be, first her poet, then her apostle, and lastly her idol131.”
Mr. Alexander A. Knox, writing in the Nineteenth Century (October 1882), says: “That the man’s aspirations132 were in the main noble and honorable to humanity, I am sure. I am equally so that few men have exercised so great an influence upon their fellow creatures.... The wonderful old man! When he was past eighty years of age he set to work, like another Jeremy Bentham, to abolish the admission of hearsay133 evidence into French legal proceedings134. But his great work was that by his wit and irony he broke down the principle of authority which had been so foully135 abused in France. Would the most strictly136 religious man wish to see religion as it was in France in the eighteenth century? Would the greatest stickler137 for authority wish to find a country governed as France was governed in the days of Voltaire?”
Du Bois-Reymond, the eminent138 German scientist, remarks: “Voltaire is so little to us at present because the things he fought for, ‘toleration, spiritual freedom, human dignity, justice,' have become, as it were, the air we breathe, and do not think of except when we are deprived of it.”
Col. R. G. Ingersoll, in his fine Oration on Voltaire, observes: “Voltaire was perfectly139 equipped for his work. A perfect master of the French language, knowing all its moods, tenses, and declinations—in fact and in feeling playing upon it as skilfully140 as Paganini on his violin, finding expression for every thought and fancy, writing on the most serious subjects with the gaiety of a harlequin, plucking jests from the mouth of death, graceful141 as the waving of willows142, dealing143 in double meanings that covered the asp with flowers and flattery, master of satire144 and compliment, mingling145 them often in the same line, always interested himself, therefore interesting others, handling thoughts, questions, subjects as a juggler146 does balls, keeping them in the air with perfect ease, dressing147 old words in new meanings, charming, grotesque148, pathetic, mingling mirth with tears, wit and wisdom, and sometimes wickedness, logic149 and laughter. With a woman’s instinct, knowing the sensitive nerves—just where to touch—hating arrogance150 of place, the stupidity, of the solemn, snatching masks from priest and king, knowing the springs of action and ambition’s ends, perfectly familiar with the great world, the intimate of kings and their favorites, sympathising with the oppressed and imprisoned151, with the unfortunate and poor, hating tyranny, despising superstition, and loving liberty with all his heart. Such was Voltaire, writing ?dipus at seventeen, Irène at eighty-three, and crowding between these two tragedies the accomplishment152 of a thousand lives.”
The Right Hon. John Morley testifies: “Voltaire was the very eye of modern illumination. It was he who conveyed to his generation in a multitude of forms the consciousness at once of the power and the rights of human intelligence. Another might well have said of him what he magnanimously said of his famous contemporary, Montesquieu, that humanity had lost its title-deeds, and he had recovered them. The four-score volumes which he wrote are the monument, as they were the instrument, of a new renascence. They are the fruit and representation of a spirit of encyclopaedic curiosity and productiveness. Hardly a page of all these countless153 leaves is common form. Hardly a sentence is there which did not come forth alive from Voltaire’s own mind, or which was said because some one else had said it before. Voltaire was a stupendous power, not only because his expression was incomparably lucid154, or even because his sight was exquisitely155 keen and clear, but because he saw many new things, after which the spirits of others were unconsciously groping and dumbly yearning156. Nor was this all. Voltaire was ever in the front and centre of the fight. His life was not a mere chapter in a history of literature. He never counted truth a treasure to be discreetly157 hidden in a napkin. He made it a perpetual war cry, and emblazoned it on a banner that was many a time rent, but was never out of the field.” We may fitly conclude with Browning’s incisive158 lines in The Two Poets of Croisie:—
“Ay, sharpest, shrewdest steel that ever stabbed
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testimonies
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| （法庭上证人的）证词( testimony的名词复数 )； 证明，证据 | |
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testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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illiterate
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| adj.文盲的；无知的；n.文盲 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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conspire
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| v.密谋，（事件等）巧合，共同导致 | |
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deign
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| v. 屈尊, 惠允 ( 做某事) | |
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fickleness
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| n.易变；无常；浮躁；变化无常 | |
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sage
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| n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的 | |
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bard
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| n.吟游诗人 | |
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ridicule
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| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
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meditation
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| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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creed
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| n.信条；信念，纲领 | |
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sneer
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| v.轻蔑；嘲笑；n.嘲笑，讥讽的言语 | |
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foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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eloquently
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| adv. 雄辩地(有口才地, 富于表情地) | |
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penetration
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| n.穿透，穿人，渗透 | |
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ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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exuberance
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| n.丰富；繁荣 | |
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frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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organisation
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| n.组织，安排，团体，有机休 | |
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potencies
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| n.威力( potency的名词复数 )；权力；效力；（男人的）性交能力 | |
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elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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originality
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| n.创造力，独创性；新颖 | |
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flexibility
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| n.柔韧性，弹性，（光的）折射性，灵活性 | |
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suavity
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| n.温和；殷勤 | |
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delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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pathos
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| n.哀婉，悲怆 | |
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sublimity
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| 崇高，庄严，气质高尚 | |
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censuring
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| v.指责，非难，谴责( censure的现在分词 ) | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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reprobation
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| n.斥责 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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bestows
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的第三人称单数 ) | |
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copious
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| adj.丰富的，大量的 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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infraction
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| n.违反；违法 | |
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wielded
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| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的过去式和过去分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
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tyrants
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| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
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wailing
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| v.哭叫，哀号( wail的现在分词 )；沱 | |
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depreciatory
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| adj.贬值的，蔑视的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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oration
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| n.演说，致辞，叙述法 | |
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treatise
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| n.专著；(专题)论文 | |
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56
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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incubus
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| n.负担；恶梦 | |
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59
shunning
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的现在分词 ) | |
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chalices
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| n.高脚酒杯( chalice的名词复数 )；圣餐杯；金杯毒酒；看似诱人实则令人讨厌的事物 | |
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61
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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62
disciple
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| n.信徒，门徒，追随者 | |
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63
adversaries
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| n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 ) | |
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64
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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65
illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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66
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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67
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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68
warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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69
feudal
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| adj.封建的，封地的，领地的 | |
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70
pacified
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| 使（某人）安静( pacify的过去式和过去分词 )； 息怒； 抚慰； 在（有战争的地区、国家等）实现和平 | |
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71
calumny
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| n.诽谤，污蔑，中伤 | |
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72
indefatigable
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| adj.不知疲倦的，不屈不挠的 | |
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73
sarcasm
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| n.讥讽，讽刺，嘲弄，反话 （adj.sarcastic） | |
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74
irony
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| n.反语，冷嘲；具有讽刺意味的事，嘲弄 | |
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75
obstinacy
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| n.顽固；（病痛等）难治 | |
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76
perseverance
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| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
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77
buckle
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| n.扣子，带扣；v.把...扣住，由于压力而弯曲 | |
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78
civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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79
paradoxes
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| n.似非而是的隽语，看似矛盾而实际却可能正确的说法( paradox的名词复数 )；用于语言文学中的上述隽语；有矛盾特点的人[事物，情况] | |
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80
epoch
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| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
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81
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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82
dispelled
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| v.驱散，赶跑( dispel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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83
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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84
licentiousness
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| n.放肆，无法无天 | |
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85
impervious
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| adj.不能渗透的，不能穿过的，不易伤害的 | |
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86
inordinate
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| adj.无节制的；过度的 | |
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87
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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88
antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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89
scourge
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| n.灾难，祸害；v.蹂躏 | |
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90
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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91
pedants
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| n.卖弄学问的人，学究，书呆子( pedant的名词复数 ) | |
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92
wince
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| n.畏缩，退避，（因痛苦，苦恼等)面部肌肉抽动；v.畏缩，退缩，退避 | |
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93
lash
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| v.系牢；鞭打；猛烈抨击；n.鞭打；眼睫毛 | |
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94
tingle
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| vi.感到刺痛，感到激动；n.刺痛，激动 | |
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95
reviling
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| v.辱骂，痛斥( revile的现在分词 ) | |
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96
abhorrence
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| n.憎恶；可憎恶的事 | |
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97
persecutor
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| n. 迫害者 | |
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98
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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99
scathing
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| adj.（言词、文章）严厉的，尖刻的；不留情的adv.严厉地，尖刻地v.伤害，损害（尤指使之枯萎）( scathe的现在分词) | |
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100
invective
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| n.痛骂，恶意抨击 | |
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101
avenged
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| v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的过去式和过去分词 )；为…报复 | |
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102
philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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103
slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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104
stigma
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| n.耻辱，污名；(花的)柱头 | |
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105
attested
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| adj.经检验证明无病的，经检验证明无菌的v.证明( attest的过去式和过去分词 )；证实；声称…属实；使宣誓 | |
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106
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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107
withering
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| 使人畏缩的，使人害羞的，使人难堪的 | |
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108
loathsome
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| adj.讨厌的，令人厌恶的 | |
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109
anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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110
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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111
well-being
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| n.安康，安乐，幸福 | |
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112
aptitudes
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| （学习方面的）才能，资质，天资( aptitude的名词复数 ) | |
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113
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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114
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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115
luminous
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| adj.发光的，发亮的；光明的；明白易懂的；有启发的 | |
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116
versatile
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| adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的 | |
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117
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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118
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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119
diminution
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| n.减少；变小 | |
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120
liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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121
infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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122
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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123
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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124
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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125
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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126
commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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127
mightier
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| adj. 强有力的，强大的，巨大的 adv. 很，极其 | |
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128
theocracy
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| n.神权政治；僧侣政治 | |
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129
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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130
illuminate
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| vt.照亮，照明；用灯光装饰；说明，阐释 | |
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131
idol
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| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
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132
aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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133
hearsay
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| n.谣传，风闻 | |
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134
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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135
foully
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| ad.卑鄙地 | |
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136
strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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137
stickler
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| n.坚持细节之人 | |
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138
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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139
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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140
skilfully
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| adv. (美skillfully)熟练地 | |
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141
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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142
willows
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| n.柳树( willow的名词复数 )；柳木 | |
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143
dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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144
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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145
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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146
juggler
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| n. 变戏法者, 行骗者 | |
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147
dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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148
grotesque
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| adj.怪诞的，丑陋的；n.怪诞的图案，怪人（物） | |
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149
logic
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| n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性 | |
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150
arrogance
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| n.傲慢，自大 | |
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151
imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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152
accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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153
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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154
lucid
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| adj.明白易懂的，清晰的，头脑清楚的 | |
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155
exquisitely
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| adv.精致地；强烈地；剧烈地；异常地 | |
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156
yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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157
discreetly
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| ad.(言行)审慎地，慎重地 | |
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158
incisive
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| adj.敏锐的，机敏的，锋利的，切入的 | |
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159
imposture
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| n.冒名顶替，欺骗 | |
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160
armour
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| （=armor）n.盔甲；装甲部队 | |
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161
joints
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| 接头( joint的名词复数 )； 关节； 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所） （非正式）； 一块烤肉 （英式英语） | |
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