1519
THE importance given to Cortés by his new position, and, perhaps, a somewhat more lofty bearing, gradually gave uneasiness to the naturally suspicious temper of Velasquez, who became apprehensive3 that his officer, when away where he would have the power, might also have the inclination4, to throw off his dependence5 on him altogether. An accidental circumstance at this time heightened these suspicions. A mad fellow, his jester, one of those crack-brained wits—half wit, half fool—who formed in those days a common appendage6 to every great man’s establishment, called out to the governor, as he was taking his usual walk one morning with Cortés towards the port, “Have a care, master Velasquez, or we shall have to go a-hunting, some day or other, after this same captain of ours!” “Do you hear what the rogue7 says?” exclaimed the governor to his companion. “Do not heed8 him,” said Cortés: “he is a saucy9 knave10, and deserves a good whipping.{318}” The words sank deep, however, in the mind of Velasquez,—as, indeed, true jests are apt to stick.
There were not wanting persons about his Excellency who fanned the latent embers of jealousy into a blaze. These worthy11 gentlemen, some of them kinsmen12 of Velasquez, who probably felt their own deserts somewhat thrown into the shade by the rising fortunes of Cortés, reminded the governor of his ancient quarrel with that officer, and of the little probability that affronts13 so keenly felt at the time could ever be forgotten. By these and similar suggestions, and by misconstructions of the present conduct of Cortés, they wrought15 on the passions of Velasquez to such a degree that he resolved to intrust the expedition to other hands.[514]
He communicated his design to his confidential16 advisers17, Lares and Duero, and these trusty personages reported it without delay to Cortés, although, “to a man of half his penetration,” says Las Casas, “the thing would have been readily divined from the governor’s altered demeanor18.”[515] The two functionaries19 advised their friend to expedite matters as much as possible, and to lose no time in getting his fleet ready for sea, if he would retain the command of it. Cortés showed the same prompt decision on this occasion which more than{319} once afterwards in a similar crisis gave the direction to his destiny.
He had not yet got his complement20 of men, nor of vessels22, and was very inadequately23 provided with supplies of any kind. But he resolved to weigh anchor that very night. He waited on his officers, informed them of his purpose, and probably of the cause of it; and at midnight, when the town was hushed in sleep, they all went quietly on board, and the little squadron dropped down the bay. First, however, Cortés had visited the person whose business it was to supply the place with meat, and relieved him of all his stock on hand, notwithstanding his complaint that the city must suffer for it on the morrow, leaving him, at the same time, in payment, a massive gold chain of much value, which he wore round his neck.[516]
Great was the amazement24 of the good citizens of St. Jago when, at dawn, they saw that the fleet, which they knew was so ill prepared for the voyage, had left its moorings and was busily getting under way. The tidings soon came to the ears of his Excellency, who, springing from his bed, hastily dressed himself, mounted his horse, and, followed by his retinue25, galloped26 down to the quay27. Cortés, as soon as he descried28 their approach, entered an armed boat, and came within speaking-distance of the shore. “And is it thus you part from me?” exclaimed Velasquez; “a courteous{320} way of taking leave, truly!” “Pardon me,” answered Cortés; “time presses, and there are some things that should be done before they are even thought of. Has your Excellency any commands?” But the mortified29 governor had no commands to give; and Cortés, politely waving his hand, returned to his vessel21, and the little fleet instantly made sail for the port of Macaca, about fifteen leagues distant. (November 18, 1518.) Velasquez rode back to his house to digest his chagrin30 as he best might; satisfied, probably, that he had made at least two blunders,—one in appointing Cortés to the command, the other in attempting to deprive him of it. For, if it be true that by giving our confidence by halves we can scarcely hope to make a friend, it is equally true that by withdrawing it when given we shall make an enemy.[517]
This clandestine31 departure of Cortés has been severely32 criticised by some writers, especially by{321} Las Casas.[518] Yet much may be urged in vindication33 of his conduct. He had been appointed to the command by the voluntary act of the governor, and this had been fully34 ratified35 by the authorities of Hispaniola. He had at once devoted36 all his resources to the undertaking37, incurring38, indeed, a heavy debt in addition. He was now to be deprived of his commission, without any misconduct having been alleged39 or at least proved against him. Such an event must overwhelm him in irretrievable ruin, to say nothing of the friends from whom he had so largely borrowed, and the followers40 who had embarked41 their fortunes in the expedition on the faith of his commanding it. There are few persons, probably, who, under these circumstances, would have felt called tamely to acquiesce42 in the sacrifice of their hopes to a groundless and arbitrary whim43. The most to have been expected from Cortés was that he should feel obliged to provide faithfully for the interests of his employer in the conduct of the enterprise. How far he felt the force of this obligation will appear in the sequel.
From Macaca, where Cortés laid in such stores as he could obtain from the royal farms, and which, he said, he considered as “a loan from the king,” he proceeded to Trinidad; a more considerable town, on the southern coast of Cuba. Here he landed, and, erecting44 his standard in front of his quarters, made proclamation, with liberal offers to all who would join the expedition. Volunteers came in daily, and among them more than a hundred of Grijalva’s men, just returned from their{322} voyage and willing to follow up the discovery under an enterprising leader. The fame of Cortés attracted, also, a number of cavaliers of family and distinction, some of whom, having accompanied Grijalva, brought much information valuable for the present expedition. Among these hidalgos may be mentioned Pedro de Alvarado and his brothers, Cristóval de Olid, Alonso de Avila, Juan Velasquez de Leon, a near relation of the governor, Alonso Hernandez de Puertocarrero, and Gonzalo de Sandoval,—all of them men who took a most important part in the Conquest. Their presence was of great moment, as giving consideration to the enterprise; and, when they entered the little camp of the adventurers, the latter turned out to welcome them amidst lively strains of music and joyous45 salvos of artillery46.
Cortés meanwhile was active in purchasing military stores and provisions. Learning that a trading-vessel laden47 with grain and other commodities for the mines was off the coast, he ordered out one of his caravels to seize her and bring her into port. He paid the master in bills for both cargo48 and ship, and even persuaded this man, named Sede?o,[519] who was wealthy, to join his fortunes to the expedition. He also despatched one of his officers, Diego de Ordaz, in quest of another ship,[520] of which he had{323} tidings, with instructions to seize it in like manner, and to meet him with it off Cape49 St. Antonio, the westerly point of the island.[521] By this he effected another object, that of getting rid of Ordaz, who was one of the governor’s household, and an inconvenient50 spy on his own actions.
While thus occupied, letters from Velasquez were received by the commander of Trinidad, requiring him to seize the person of Cortés and to detain him, as he had been deposed51 from the command of the fleet, which was given to another. This functionary52 communicated his instructions to the principal officers in the expedition, who counselled him not to make the attempt, as it would undoubtedly53 lead to a commotion54 among the soldiers, that might end in laying the town in ashes. Verdugo thought it prudent55 to conform to this advice.{325}[522]
As Cortés was willing to strengthen himself by still further reinforcements, he ordered Alvarado with a small body of men to march across the country to the Havana,[523] while he himself would sail{324} round the westerly point of the island and meet him there with the squadron. In this port he again displayed his standard, making the usual proclamation. He caused all the large guns to be brought on shore, and, with the small arms and cross-bows, to be put in order. As there was abundance of cotton raised in this neighborhood, he had the jackets of the soldiers thickly quilted with it, for a defence against the Indian arrows, from which the troops in the former expeditions had grievously suffered. He distributed his men into eleven companies, each under the command of an experienced officer; and it was observed that, although several of the cavaliers in the service were the personal friends and even kinsmen of Velasquez, he appeared to treat them all with perfect confidence.
His principal standard was of black velvet56, embroidered57 with gold, and emblazoned with a red cross amidst flames of blue and white, with this motto in Latin beneath: “Friends, let us follow the Cross; and under this sign, if we have faith, we shall conquer.” He now assumed more state in his own person and way of living, introducing a greater number of domestics and officers into his household, and placing it on a footing becoming a man of high station. This state he maintained through the rest of his life.[524]
Cortés at this time was thirty-three, or perhaps thirty-four, years of age. In stature58 he was rather above the middle size. His complexion59 was pale; and his large dark eye gave an expression of gravity to his countenance60, not to have been expected in one of his cheerful temperament61. His figure was slender, at least until later life; but his chest was deep, his shoulders broad, his frame muscular and well proportioned. It presented the union of agility62 and vigor63 which qualified64 him to excel in fencing, horsemanship, and the other generous exercises of chivalry65. In his diet he was temperate66, careless of what he ate, and drinking little; while to toil67 and privation he seemed perfectly68 indifferent. His dress, for he did not disdain69 the impression produced by such adventitious70 aids, was such as to set off his handsome person to advantage; neither gaudy71 nor striking, but rich. He wore few ornaments72, and usually the same; but those were of great price. His manners, frank and soldier-like, concealed73 a most cool and calculating spirit. With his gayest humor there mingled74 a settled air of resolution, which made those who approached him feel they must obey, and which infused something like awe75 into the attachment76 of his most devoted followers. Such a combination, in which love was tempered by authority, was the one probably best calculated to inspire devotion in the rough and turbulent spirits among whom his lot was to be cast.
The character of Cortés seems to have under{326}gone some change with change of circumstances; or, to speak more correctly, the new scenes in which he was placed called forth77 qualities which before lay dormant78 in his bosom79. There are some hardy80 natures that require the heats of excited action to unfold their energies; like the plants which, closed to the mild influence of a temperate latitude81, come to their full growth, and give forth their fruits, only in the burning atmosphere of the tropics. Such is the portrait left to us by his contemporaries of this remarkable82 man; the instrument selected by Providence83 to scatter84 terror among the barbarian85 monarchs86 of the Western World, and lay their empires in the dust.[525]
Before the preparations were fully completed at the Havana, the commander of the place, Don Pedro Barba, received despatches from Velasquez ordering him to apprehend87 Cortés and to prevent the departure of his vessels; while another epistle from the same source was delivered to Cortés himself, requesting him to postpone88 his voyage till the governor could communicate with him, as he proposed, in person. “Never,” exclaims Las Casas, “did I see so little knowledge of affairs shown, as in this letter of Diego Velasquez,—that he should have imagined that a man who had so recently put such an affront14 on him would defer89 his departure at his bidding!”[526] It was, indeed, hoping to stay{327} the flight of the arrow by a word, after it had left the bow.
The Captain-General, however, during his short stay, had entirely90 conciliated the good will of Barba. And, if that officer had had the inclination, he knew he had not the power, to enforce his principal’s orders, in the face of a resolute91 soldiery, incensed92 at this ungenerous persecution93 of their commander, and “all of whom,” in the words of the honest chronicler who bore part in the expedition, “officers and privates, would have cheerfully laid down their lives for him.”[527] Barba contented94 himself, therefore, with explaining to Velasquez the impracticability of the attempt, and at the same time endeavored to tranquillize his apprehensions95 by asserting his own confidence in the fidelity96 of Cortés. To this the latter added a communication of his own, couched “in the soft terms he knew so well how to use,”[528] in which he implored97 his Excellency to rely on his devotion to his interests, and concluded with the comfortable assurance that he and the whole fleet, God willing, would sail on the following morning.
Accordingly, on the 10th of February, 1519, the little squadron got under way, and directed its course towards Cape St. Antonio, the appointed place of rendezvous. When all were brought together, the vessels were found to be eleven in number; one of them, in which Cortés himself went, was of a hundred tons’ burden, three others were from seventy to eighty tons; the remainder were{328} caravels and open brigantines. The whole was put under the direction of Antonio de Alaminos, as chief pilot; a veteran navigator, who had acted as pilot to Columbus in his last voyage, and to Cordova and Grijalva in the former expeditions to Yucatan.
Landing on the Cape and mustering98 his forces, Cortés found they amounted to one hundred and ten mariners99, five hundred and fifty-three soldiers, including thirty-two crossbowmen, and thirteen arquebusiers, besides two hundred Indians of the island, and a few Indian women for menial offices. He was provided with ten heavy guns, four lighter100 pieces called falconets, and with a good supply of ammunition101.[529] He had besides sixteen horses. They were not easily procured102; for the difficulty of transporting them across the ocean in the flimsy craft of that day made them rare and incredibly dear in the Islands.[530] But Cortés rightfully esti{329}mated the importance of cavalry103, however small in number, both for their actual service in the field, and for striking terror into the savages104. With so paltry105 a force did he enter on a conquest which even his stout106 heart must have shrunk from attempting with such means, had he but foreseen half its real difficulties!
Before embarking107, Cortés addressed his soldiers in a short but animated108 harangue109. He told them they were about to enter on a noble enterprise, one that would make their name famous to after-ages. He was leading them to countries more vast and opulent than any yet visited by Europeans. “I hold out to you a glorious prize,” continued the orator110, “but it is to be won by incessant111 toil. Great things are achieved only by great exertions112, and glory was never the reward of sloth113.[531] If I have labored114 hard and staked my all on this undertaking, it is for the love of that renown115 which is the noblest recompense of man. But, if any among you covet116 riches more, be but true to me, as I will be true to you and to the occasion, and I will make you masters of such as our countrymen have never dreamed of! You are few in number, but strong in resolution; and, if this does not falter117, doubt not but that the Almighty118, who has never deserted119 the Spaniard in his contest with the infi{330}del, will shield you, though encompassed120 by a cloud of enemies; for your cause is a just cause, and you are to fight under the banner of the Cross. Go forward, then,” he concluded, “with alacrity121 and confidence, and carry to a glorious issue the work so auspiciously122 begun.”[532]
The rough eloquence123 of the general, touching124 the various chords of ambition, avarice125, and religious zeal126, sent a thrill through the bosoms127 of his martial128 audience; and, receiving it with acclamations, they seemed eager to press forward under a chief who was to lead them not so much to battle, as to triumph.
Cortés was well satisfied to find his own enthusiasm so largely shared by his followers. Mass was then celebrated129 with the solemnities usual with the Spanish navigators when entering on their voyages of discovery. The fleet was placed under the immediate130 protection of St. Peter, the patron saint of Cortés, and, weighing anchor, took its departure on the eighteenth day of February, 1519, for the coast of Yucatan.
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1
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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apprehensive
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| adj.担心的，恐惧的，善于领会的 | |
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inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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dependence
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| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
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appendage
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| n.附加物 | |
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rogue
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| n.流氓；v.游手好闲 | |
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heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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saucy
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| adj.无礼的；俊俏的；活泼的 | |
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knave
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| n.流氓；（纸牌中的）杰克 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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kinsmen
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| n.家属，亲属( kinsman的名词复数 ) | |
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affronts
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| n.（当众）侮辱，（故意）冒犯( affront的名词复数 )v.勇敢地面对( affront的第三人称单数 )；相遇 | |
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affront
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| n./v.侮辱，触怒 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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confidential
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| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
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advisers
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| 顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授 | |
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demeanor
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| n.行为；风度 | |
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functionaries
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| n.公职人员，官员( functionary的名词复数 ) | |
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complement
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| n.补足物，船上的定员；补语；vt.补充，补足 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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inadequately
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| ad.不够地；不够好地 | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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galloped
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| （使马）飞奔，奔驰( gallop的过去式和过去分词 )； 快速做[说]某事 | |
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quay
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| n.码头，靠岸处 | |
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descried
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| adj.被注意到的，被发现的，被看到的 | |
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mortified
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| v.使受辱( mortify的过去式和过去分词 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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chagrin
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| n.懊恼；气愤；委屈 | |
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clandestine
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| adj.秘密的，暗中从事的 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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vindication
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| n.洗冤，证实 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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ratified
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| v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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incurring
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| 遭受，招致，引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
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alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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acquiesce
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| vi.默许，顺从，同意 | |
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43
whim
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| n.一时的兴致，突然的念头；奇想，幻想 | |
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erecting
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| v.使直立，竖起( erect的现在分词 )；建立 | |
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45
joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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inconvenient
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| adj.不方便的，令人感到麻烦的 | |
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51
deposed
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| v.罢免( depose的过去式和过去分词 )；（在法庭上）宣誓作证 | |
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52
functionary
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| n.官员；公职人员 | |
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53
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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54
commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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56
velvet
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| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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agility
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| n.敏捷，活泼 | |
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vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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66
temperate
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| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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67
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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68
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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69
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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70
adventitious
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| adj.偶然的 | |
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71
gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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72
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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73
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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74
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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75
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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76
attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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77
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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78
dormant
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| adj.暂停活动的；休眠的；潜伏的 | |
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79
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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80
hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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81
latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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82
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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83
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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84
scatter
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| vt.撒，驱散，散开；散布/播；vi.分散，消散 | |
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85
barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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86
monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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87
apprehend
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| vt.理解，领悟，逮捕，拘捕，忧虑 | |
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postpone
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| v.延期，推迟 | |
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89
defer
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| vt.推迟，拖延；vi.(to)遵从，听从，服从 | |
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90
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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92
incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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93
persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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94
contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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95
apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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96
fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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97
implored
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| 恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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98
mustering
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的现在分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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99
mariners
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| 海员，水手（mariner的复数形式） | |
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100
lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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101
ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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102
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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103
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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104
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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105
paltry
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| adj.无价值的，微不足道的 | |
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107
embarking
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| 乘船( embark的现在分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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108
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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109
harangue
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| n.慷慨冗长的训话，言辞激烈的讲话 | |
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110
orator
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| n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家 | |
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111
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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112
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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113
sloth
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| n.[动]树懒；懒惰，懒散 | |
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114
labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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115
renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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116
covet
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| vt.垂涎；贪图(尤指属于他人的东西) | |
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117
falter
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| vi.(嗓音)颤抖，结巴地说；犹豫；蹒跚 | |
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118
almighty
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| adj.全能的，万能的；很大的，很强的 | |
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119
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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120
encompassed
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| v.围绕( encompass的过去式和过去分词 )；包围；包含；包括 | |
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121
alacrity
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| n.敏捷，轻快，乐意 | |
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122
auspiciously
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| adv.吉利； 繁荣昌盛； 前途顺利； 吉祥 | |
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123
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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124
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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125
avarice
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| n.贪婪；贪心 | |
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126
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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127
bosoms
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| 胸部( bosom的名词复数 )； 胸怀； 女衣胸部（或胸襟）； 和爱护自己的人在一起的情形 | |
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128
martial
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| adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的 | |
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129
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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130
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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