1519
Four days had elapsed since the Spaniards made their entry into Mexico. Whatever schemes their commander may have revolved2 in his mind, he felt that he could determine on no plan of operations till he had seen more of the capital and ascertained3 by his own inspection4 the nature of its resources. He accordingly, as was observed at the close of the last Book, sent to Montezuma, asking permission to visit the great teocalli, and some other places in the city.
The friendly monarch5 consented without difficulty. He even prepared to go in person to the great temple to receive his guests there,—it may be, to shield the shrine6 of his tutelar deity7 from any attempted profanation8. He was acquainted, as we have already seen, with the proceedings9 of the Spaniards on similar occasions in the course of their march. Cortés put himself at the head of his little corps10 of cavalry11, and nearly all the Spanish foot, as usual, and followed the caciques sent by Montezuma to guide him. They proposed first to con{311}duct him to the great market of Tlatelolco, in the western part of the city.
On the way, the Spaniards were struck, in the same manner as they had been on entering the capital, with the appearance of the inhabitants, and their great superiority in the style and quality of their dress over the people of the lower countries.[354] The tilmatli, or cloak thrown over the shoulders and tied round the neck, made of cotton of different degrees of fineness, according to the condition of the wearer, and the ample sash around the loins, were often wrought12 in rich and elegant figures and edged with a deep fringe or tassel13. As the weather was now growing cool, mantles14 of fur or of the gorgeous feather-work were sometimes substituted. The latter combined the advantage of great warmth with beauty.[355] The Mexicans had also the art of spinning a fine thread of the hair of the rabbit and other animals, which they wove into a delicate web that took a permanent dye.
The women, as in other parts of the country, seemed to go about as freely as the men. They wore several skirts or petticoats of different{312} lengths, with highly-ornamented15 borders, and sometimes over them loose flowing robes, which reached to the ankles. These, also, were made of cotton, for the wealthier classes, of a fine texture17, prettily18 embroidered19.[356] No veils were worn here, as in some other parts of Anahuac, where they were made of the aloe thread, or of the light web of hair, above noticed. The Aztec women had their faces exposed; and their dark, raven20 tresses floated luxuriantly over their shoulders, revealing features which, although of a dusky or rather cinnamon hue21, were not unfrequently pleasing, while touched with the serious, even sad expression characteristic of the national physiognomy.[357]
On drawing near to the tianguez, or great market, the Spaniards were astonished at the throng22 of people pressing towards it, and on entering the place their surprise was still further heightened by the sight of the multitudes assembled there, and the dimensions of the enclosure,{*} thrice as large as the celebrated23 square of Salamanca.[358] Here were met together traders from all parts, with the products and manufactures peculiar24 to their countries; the goldsmiths of Azcapozalco, the potters and jewellers of Cholula, the painters of Tezcuco, the stone-cutters of Tenajocan, the hunters of Xilotepec, the fishermen of Cuitlahuac, the fruiterers{313} of the warm countries, the mat-and chair-makers of Quauhtitlan, and the florists25 of Xochimilco,—all busily engaged in recommending their respective wares26 and in chaffering with purchasers.[359]
{*} [Ante, p. 288, note.—M.]
The market-place was surrounded by deep porticoes28, and the several articles had each its own quarter allotted29 to it. Here might be seen cotton piled up in bales, or manufactured into dresses and articles of domestic use, as tapestry30, curtains, coverlets, and the like. The richly stained and nice fabrics31 reminded Cortés of the alcayceria, or silk-market, of Granada. There was the quarter assigned to the goldsmiths, where the purchaser might find various articles of ornament16 or use formed of the precious metals, or curious toys, such as we have already had occasion to notice, made in imitation of birds and fishes, with scales and feathers alternately of gold and silver, and with movable heads and bodies. These fantastic little trinkets were often garnished32 with precious stones, and showed a patient, puerile33 ingenuity34 in the manufacture, like that of the Chinese.[360]{314}
In an adjoining quarter were collected specimens35 of pottery36 coarse and fine, vases of wood elaborately carved, varnished37 or gilt38, of curious and sometimes graceful39 forms. There were also hatchets40 made of copper41 alloyed with tin, the substitute, and, as it proved, not a bad one, for iron. The soldier found here all the implements42 of his trade: the casque fashioned into the head of some wild animal, with its grinning defences of teeth, and bristling43 crest44 dyed with the rich tint45 of the cochineal;[361] the escaupil, or quilted doublet of cotton, the rich surcoat of feather-mail, and weapons of all sorts, copper-headed lances and arrows, and the broad maquahuitl, the Mexican sword, with its sharp blades of itztli. Here were razors and mirrors of this same hard and polished mineral, which served so many of the purposes of steel with the Aztecs.[362] In the square were also to be found booths occupied by barbers, who used these same razors in their vocation46. For the Mexicans, contrary to the popular and erroneous notions respecting the aborigines of the New World, had beards,{315} though scanty47 ones. Other shops or booths were tenanted by apothecaries48, well provided with drugs, roots, and different medicinal preparations. In other places, again, blank books or maps for the hieroglyphical49 picture-writing were to be seen, folded together like fans, and made of cotton, skins, or more commonly the fibres of the agave, the Aztec papyrus50.
Under some of the porticoes they saw hides raw and dressed, and various articles for domestic or personal use made of the leather. Animals, both wild and tame, were offered for sale, and near them, perhaps, a gang of slaves, with collars round their necks, intimating they were likewise on sale,—a spectacle unhappily not confined to the barbarian51 markets of Mexico, though the evils of their condition were aggravated52 there by the consciousness that a life of degradation53 might be consummated54 at any moment by the dreadful doom56 of sacrifice.
The heavier materials for building, as stone, lime, timber, were considered too bulky to be allowed a place in the square, and were deposited in the adjacent streets on the borders of the canals. It would be tedious to enumerate57 all the various articles, whether for luxury or daily use, which were collected from all quarters in this vast bazaar58. I must not omit to mention, however, the display of provisions, one of the most attractive features of the tianguez; meats of all kinds, domestic poultry60, game from the neighboring mountains, fish from the lakes and streams, fruits in all the delicious abundance of these temperate61 regions, green vege{316}tables, and the unfailing maize62. There was many a viand, too, ready dressed, which sent up its savory63 steams provoking the appetite of the idle passenger; pastry64, bread of the Indian corn, cakes, and confectionery.[363] Along with these were to be seen cooling or stimulating65 beverages66, the spicy67 foaming68 chocolatl, with its delicate aroma69 of vanilla70, and the inebriating71 pulque, the fermented72 juice of the aloe. All these commodities, and every stall and portico27, were set out, or rather smothered73, with flowers, showing—on a much greater scale, indeed—a taste similar to that displayed in the markets of modern Mexico. Flowers seem to be the spontaneous growth of this luxuriant soil; which, instead of noxious74 weeds, as in other regions, is ever ready, without the aid of man, to cover up its nakedness with this rich and variegated75 livery of Nature.[364]
I will spare the reader the repetition of all the particulars enumerated76 by the bewildered Spaniards, which are of some interest as evincing the various mechanical skill and the polished wants, resembling those of a refined community rather{317} than of a nation of savages77. It was the material civilization, which belongs neither to the one nor the other. The Aztec had plainly reached that middle station, as far above the rude races of the New World as it was below the cultivated communities of the Old.
As to the numbers assembled in the market, the estimates differ, as usual. The Spaniards often visited the place, and no one states the amount at less than forty thousand! Some carry it much higher.[365] Without relying too much on the arithmetic of the Conquerors78, it is certain that on this occasion, which occurred every fifth day, the city swarmed79 with a motley crowd of strangers, not only from the vicinity, but from many leagues around; the causeways were thronged80, and the lake was darkened by canoes filled with traders flocking to the great tianguez. It resembled, indeed, the periodical fairs in Europe, not as they exist now, but as they existed in the Middle Ages, when, from the difficulties of intercommunication, they served as the great central marts for commercial inter{318}course, exercising a most important and salutary influence on the community.
The exchanges were conducted partly by barter81, but more usually in the currency of the country. This consisted of bits of tin stamped with a character like a T, bags of cacao, the value of which was regulated by their size, and, lastly, quills82 filled with gold dust.[366] Gold was part of the regular currency, it seems, in both hemispheres. In their dealings it is singular that they should have had no knowledge of scales and weights. The quantity was determined83 by measure and number.[367]
The most perfect order reigned84 throughout this vast assembly. Officers patrolled the square, whose business it was to keep the peace, to collect the duties imposed on the different articles of merchandise, to see that no false measures or fraud of any kind were used, and to bring offenders85 at once to justice. A court of twelve judges sat in one part of the tianguez, clothed with those ample and summary powers which in despotic countries are often delegated even to petty tribunals. The extreme severity with which they exercised these powers, in more than one instance, proves that they were not a dead letter.[368]
The tianguez of Mexico was naturally an object{319} of great interest, as well as wonder, to the Spaniards. For in it they saw converged86 into one focus, as it were, all the rays of civilization scattered87 throughout the land. Here they beheld88 the various evidences of mechanical skill, of domestic industry, the multiplied resources, of whatever kind, within the compass of the natives. It could not fail to impress them with high ideas of the magnitude of these resources, as well as of the commercial activity and social subordination by which the whole community was knit together; and their admiration89 is fully90 evinced by the minuteness and energy of their descriptions.[369]
From this bustling91 scene the Spaniards took their way to the great teocalli, in the neighborhood of their own quarters. It covered, with the subordinate edifices92, as the reader has already seen, the large tract59 of ground now occupied by the cathedral, part of the market-place, and some of the adjoining streets.[370] It was the spot which had been consecrated94 to the same object, probably, ever since the foundation of the city. The present building, however, was of no great antiquity95, having been constructed by Ahuitzotl, who celebrated its dedication96, in 1486, by that hecatomb of victims of which such incredible reports are to be found in the chronicles.[371]{320}
It stood in the midst of a vast area, encompassed97 by a wall of stone and lime, about eight feet high, ornamented on the outer side by figures of serpents, raised in relief, which gave it the name of the coatepantli, or “wall of serpents.” This emblem98 was a common one in the sacred sculpture of Anahuac, as well as of Egypt. The wall, which was quadrangular, was pierced by huge battlemented gateways99, opening on the four principal streets of the capital. Over each of the gates was a kind of arsenal100, filled with arms and warlike gear; and, if we may credit the report of the Conquerors, there were barracks adjoining, garrisoned101 by ten thousand soldiers, who served as a sort of military police for the capital, supplying the emperor with a strong arm in case of tumult102 or sedition103.[372]
The teocalli itself was a solid pyramidal structure of earth and pebbles104, coated on the outside with hewn stones, probably of the light, porous105 kind employed in the buildings of the city.[373] It was probably square, with its sides facing the cardinal106 points.[374] It was divided into five bodies or{321} stories, each one receding107 so as to be of smaller dimensions than that immediately below it,—the usual form of the Aztec teocallis, as already described, and bearing obvious resemblance to some of the primitive108 pyramidal structures in the Old World.[375] The ascent109 was by a flight of steps on the outside, which reached to the narrow terrace or platform at the base of the second story, passing quite round the building, when a second stairway conducted to a similar landing at the base of the third. The breadth of this walk was just so much space as was left by the retreating story next above it. From this construction the visitor was obliged to pass round the whole edifice93 four times in order to reach the top. This had a most imposing110 effect in the religious ceremonials, when the pompous111 procession of priests with their wild minstrelsy came sweeping112 round the huge sides of the pyramid, as they rose higher and higher, in the presence of gazing multitudes, towards the summit.
The dimensions of the temple cannot be given with any certainty. The Conquerors judged by the eye, rarely troubling themselves with anything like an accurate measurement. It was, probably, not much less than three hundred feet square at{322} the base:[376] and, as the Spaniards counted a hundred and fourteen steps, was, probably, less than one hundred feet in height.[377]
When Cortés arrived before the teocalli, he found two priests and several caciques commissioned by Montezuma to save him the fatigue113 of the ascent by bearing him on their shoulders, in the same manner as had been done to the emperor. But the general declined the compliment, preferring to march up at the head of his men. On reaching the summit, they found it a vast area, paved with broad flat stones. The first object that met their view was a large block of jasper, the peculiar shape of which showed it was the stone on which the bodies of the unhappy victims were stretched{323} for sacrifice. Its convex surface, by raising the breast, enabled the priest to perform his diabolical114 task more easily, of removing the heart. At the other end of the area were two towers or sanctuaries, consisting of three stories, the lower one of stone and stucco, the two upper of wood elaborately carved. In the lower division stood the images of their gods; the apartments above were filled with utensils115 for their religious services, and with the ashes of some of their Aztec princes, who had fancied this airy sepulchre. Before each sanctuary116 stood an altar, with that undying fire upon it, the extinction117 of which boded118 as much evil to the empire as that of the Vestal flame would have done in ancient Rome. Here, also, was the huge cylindrical119 drum made of serpents’ skins, and struck only on extraordinary occasions, when it sent forth120 a melancholy121 sound that might be heard for miles,—a sound of woe122 in aftertimes to the Spaniards.
Montezuma, attended by the high-priest, came forward to receive Cortés as he mounted the area. “You are weary, Malinche,” said he to him, “with climbing up our great temple.” But Cortés, with a politic123 vaunt, assured him “the Spaniards were never weary”! Then, taking him by the hand, the emperor pointed124 out the localities of the neighborhood. The temple on which they stood, rising high above all other edifices in the capital, afforded the most elevated as well as central point of view. Below them, the city lay spread out like a map, with its streets and canals intersecting each other at right angles, its terraced roofs blooming like so{324} many parterres of flowers. Every place seemed alive with business and bustle125; canoes were glancing up and down the canals, the streets were crowded with people in their gay, picturesque126 costume, while from the market-place they had so lately left a confused hum of many sounds and voices rose upon the air.[378] They could distinctly trace the symmetrical plan of the city, with its principal avenues issuing, as it were, from the four gates of the coatepantli and connecting themselves with the causeways, which formed the grand entrances to the capital. This regular and beautiful arrangement was imitated in many of the inferior towns, where the great roads converged towards the chief teocalli, or cathedral, as to a common focus.[379] They could discern the insular127 position of the metropolis128, bathed on all sides by the salt floods of the Tezcuco, and in the distance the clear fresh waters of the Chalco; far beyond stretched a wide prospect129 of fields and waving woods, with the burnished130 walls of many a lofty temple rising high above the trees and crowning the distant hilltops.[380] The view{325} reached in an unbroken line to the very base of the circular range of mountains, whose frosty peaks glittered as if touched with fire in the morning ray; while long, dark wreaths of vapor131, rolling up from the hoary132 head of Popocatepetl, told that the destroying element was, indeed, at work in the bosom133 of the beautiful Valley.
Cortés was filled with admiration at this grand and glorious spectacle, and gave utterance134 to his feelings in animated135 language to the emperor, the lord of these flourishing domains136. His thoughts, however, soon took another direction; and, turning to Father Olmedo, who stood by his side, he suggested that the area would afford a most conspicuous137 position for the Christian138 Cross, if Montezuma would but allow it to be planted there. But the discreet139 ecclesiastic140, with the good sense which on these occasions seems to have been so lamentably141 deficient142 in his commander, reminded him that such a request, at present, would be exceedingly ill timed, as the Indian monarch had shown no dispositions143 as yet favorable to Christianity.[381]
Cortés then requested Montezuma to allow him to enter the sanctuaries and behold144 the shrines145 of his gods. To this the latter, after a short conference with the priests, assented146, and conducted the Spaniards into the building. They found them{326}selves in a spacious147 apartment incrusted on the sides with stucco, on which various figures were sculptured, representing the Mexican calendar, perhaps, or the priestly ritual. At one end of the saloon was a recess148 with a roof of timber richly carved and gilt. Before the altar in this sanctuary stood the colossal149 image of Huitzilopochtli, the tutelary150 deity and war-god of the Aztecs. His countenance151 was distorted into hideous152 lineaments of symbolical153 import. In his right hand he wielded154 a bow, and in his left a bunch of golden arrows, which a mystic legend had connected with the victories of his people. The huge folds of a serpent, consisting of pearls and precious stones, were coiled round his waist, and the same rich materials were profusely155 sprinkled over his person. On his left foot were the delicate feathers of the humming-bird, which, singularly enough, gave its name to the dread55 deity.[382] The most conspicuous ornament was a chain of gold and silver hearts alternate, suspended round his neck, emblematical156 of the sacrifice in which he most delighted. A more unequivocal evidence of this was afforded by three human hearts smoking and almost palpitating, as if recently torn from the victims, and now lying on the altar before him!
The adjoining sanctuary was dedicated157 to a milder deity. This was Tezcatlipoca, next in honor to that invisible Being, the Supreme158 God, who was represented by no image and confined by no temple. It was Tezcatlipoca who created the world and watched over it with a providential care. He{327} was represented as a young man, and his image, of polished black stone, was richly garnished with gold plates and ornaments159, among which a shield burnished like a mirror was the most characteristic emblem, as in it he saw reflected all the doings of the world. But the homage160 to this god was not always of a more refined or merciful character than that paid to his carnivorous brother; for five bleeding hearts were also seen in a golden platter on his altar.
The walls of both these chapels161 were stained with human gore163. “The stench was more intolerable,” exclaims Diaz, “than that of the slaughterhouses in Castile!” And the frantic164 forms of the priests, with their dark robes clotted165 with blood, as they flitted to and fro, seemed to the Spaniards to be those of the very ministers of Satan![383]
From this foul166 abode167 they gladly escaped into the open air; when Cortés, turning to Montezuma, said, with a smile, “I do not comprehend how a great and wise prince, like you, can put faith in such evil spirits as these idols168, the representatives of the Devil! If you will but permit us to erect169 here the true Cross, and place the images of the blessed Virgin170 and her Son in your sanctuaries, you will soon see how your false gods will shrink before them!”
Montezuma was greatly shocked at this sac{328}rilegious address. “These are the gods,” he answered, “who have led the Aztecs on to victory since they were a nation, and who send the seed-time and harvest in their seasons. Had I thought you would have offered them this outrage171, I would not have admitted you into their presence.”
Cortés, after some expressions of concern at having wounded the feelings of the emperor, took his leave. Montezuma remained, saying that he must expiate172, if possible, the crime of exposing the shrines of the divinities to such profanation by the strangers.[384]
On descending173 to the court, the Spanish took a leisurely174 survey of the other edifices in the enclosure. The area was protected by a smooth stone pavement, so polished, indeed, that it was with difficulty the horses could keep their legs. There were several other teocallis, built generally on the model of the great one, though of much inferior size, dedicated to the different Aztec deities175.[385] On their summits were the altars crowned with perpetual flames, which, with those on the numerous temples in other quarters of the capital, shed a{329} brilliant illumination over its streets through the long nights.[386]
Among the teocallis in the enclosure was one consecrated to Quetzalcoatl, circular in its form, and having an entrance in imitation of a dragon’s mouth, bristling with sharp fangs176 and dropping with blood. As the Spaniards cast a furtive177 glance into the throat of this horrible monster, they saw collected there implements of sacrifice and other abominations of fearful import. Their bold hearts shuddered178 at the spectacle, and they designated the place not inaptly as the “Hell.”[387]
One other structure may be noticed as characteristic of the brutish nature of their religion. This was a pyramidal mound179 or tumulus, having a complicated frame-work of timber on its broad summit. On this was strung an immense number of human skulls180, which belonged to the victims, mostly prisoners of war, who had perished on the accursed stone of sacrifice. Two of the soldiers had the patience to count the number of these ghastly trophies181, and reported it to be one hundred and thirty-six thousand![388] Belief might well be stag{330}gered, did not the Old World present a worthy182 counterpart in the pyramidal Golgothas which commemorated183 the triumphs of Tamerlane.[389]
There were long ranges of buildings in the enclosure, appropriated as the residence of the priests and others engaged in the offices of religion. The whole number of them was said to amount to several thousand. Here were, also, the principal seminaries for the instruction of youth of both sexes, drawn184 chiefly from the higher and wealthier classes. The girls were taught by elderly women who officiated as priestesses in the temples, a custom familiar, also, to Egypt. The Spaniards admit that the greatest care for morals, and the most blameless deportment, were maintained in these institutions. The time of the pupils was chiefly occupied, as in most monastic establishments, with the minute and burdensome ceremonial of their re{331}ligion. The boys were likewise taught such elements of science as were known to their teachers, and the girls initiated185 in the mysteries of embroidery186 and weaving, which they employed in decorating the temples. At a suitable age they generally went forth into the world to assume the occupations fitted to their condition, though some remained permanently187 devoted188 to the services of religion.[390]
The spot was also covered by edifices of a still different character. There were granaries filled with the rich produce of the church-lands and with the first-fruits and other offerings of the faithful. One large mansion189 was reserved for strangers of eminence190 who were on a pilgrimage to the great teocalli. The enclosure was ornamented with gardens, shaded by ancient trees and watered by fountains and reservoirs from the copious191 streams of Chapoltepec. The little community was thus provided with almost everything requisite192 for its own maintenance and the services of the temple.[391]
It was a microcosm of itself, a city within a city, and, according to the assertion of Cortés, embraced a tract of ground large enough for five hundred houses.[392] It presented in their brief compass the{332} extremes of barbarism, blended with a certain civilization, altogether characteristic of the Aztecs. The rude Conquerors saw only the evidence of the former. In the fantastic and symbolical features of the deities they beheld the literal lineaments of Satan; in the rites193 and frivolous194 ceremonial, his own especial code of damnation; and in the modest deportment and careful nurture195 of the inmates196 of the seminaries, the snares197 by which he was to beguile198 his deluded199 victims![393] Before a century had elapsed, the descendants of these same Spaniards discerned in the mysteries of the Aztec religion the features, obscured and defaced, indeed, of the Jewish and Christian revelations![394] Such were the opposite conclusions of the unlettered soldier and of the scholar. A philosopher, untouched by superstition201, might well doubt which of the two was the more extraordinary.
The sight of the Indian abomination seems to have kindled202 in the Spaniards a livelier feeling for their own religion; since on the following day they asked leave of Montezuma to convert one of the halls in their residence into a chapel162, that they might celebrate the services of the Church there. The monarch, in whose bosom the feelings of resentment203 seem to have soon subsided204, easily granted their request, and sent some of his own artisans to aid them in the work.
While it was in progress, some of the Spaniards{333} observed what appeared to be a door recently plastered over. It was a common rumor205 that Montezuma still kept the treasures of his father, King Axayacatl, in this ancient palace. The Spaniards, acquainted with this fact, felt no scruple206 in gratifying their curiosity by removing the plaster. As was anticipated, it concealed207 a door. On forcing this, they found the rumor was no exaggeration. They beheld a large hall filled with rich and beautiful stuffs, articles of curious workmanship of various kinds, gold and silver in bars and in the ore, and many jewels of value. It was the private hoard208 of Montezuma, the contributions, it may be, of tributary209 cities, and once the property of his father. “I was a young man,” says Diaz, who was one of those that obtained a sight of it, “and it seemed to me as if all the riches of the world were in that room!”[395] The Spaniards, notwithstanding their elation200 at the discovery of this precious deposit, seem to have felt some commendable210 scruples211 as to appropriating it to their own use,—at least for the present. And Cortés, after closing up the wall as it was before, gave strict injunctions that nothing should be said of the matter, unwilling212 that the knowledge of its existence by his guests should reach the ears of Montezuma.
Three days sufficed to complete the chapel; and the Christians213 had the satisfaction to see themselves in possession of a temple where they might wor{334}ship God in their own way, under the protection of the Cross and the blessed Virgin. Mass was regularly performed by the fathers Olmedo and Diaz, in the presence of the assembled army, who were most earnest and exemplary in their devotions, partly, says the chronicler above quoted, from the propriety214 of the thing, and partly for its edifying215 influence on the benighted216 heathen.
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sanctuaries
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| n.避难所( sanctuary的名词复数 )；庇护；圣所；庇护所 | |
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revolved
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| v.（使）旋转( revolve的过去式和过去分词 )；细想 | |
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ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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profanation
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proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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tassel
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| n.流苏，穗；v.抽穗， （玉米）长穗须 | |
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mantles
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| vt.&vi.覆盖（mantle的第三人称单数形式） | |
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ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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texture
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| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
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prettily
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| adv.优美地；可爱地 | |
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embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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raven
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| n.渡鸟，乌鸦；adj.乌亮的 | |
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hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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25
florists
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| n.花商，花农，花卉研究者( florist的名词复数 ) | |
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26
wares
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| n. 货物, 商品 | |
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27
portico
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| n.柱廊，门廊 | |
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28
porticoes
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| n.柱廊，（有圆柱的）门廊( portico的名词复数 ) | |
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29
allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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30
tapestry
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| n.挂毯，丰富多采的画面 | |
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31
fabrics
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| 织物( fabric的名词复数 )； 布； 构造； （建筑物的）结构（如墙、地面、屋顶）：质地 | |
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32
garnished
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| v.给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰( garnish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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33
puerile
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| adj.幼稚的，儿童的 | |
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34
ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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35
specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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36
pottery
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| n.陶器，陶器场 | |
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37
varnished
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| 浸渍过的，涂漆的 | |
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38
gilt
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| adj.镀金的；n.金边证券 | |
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39
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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40
hatchets
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| n.短柄小斧( hatchet的名词复数 )；恶毒攻击；诽谤；休战 | |
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41
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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42
implements
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| n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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43
bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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44
crest
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| n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖 | |
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45
tint
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| n.淡色，浅色；染发剂；vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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46
vocation
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| n.职业，行业 | |
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47
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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48
apothecaries
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| n.药剂师，药店( apothecary的名词复数 ) | |
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49
hieroglyphical
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| n.象形文字，象形文字的文章 | |
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50
papyrus
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| n.古以纸草制成之纸 | |
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51
barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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52
aggravated
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| 使恶化( aggravate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使更严重； 激怒； 使恼火 | |
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53
degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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54
consummated
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| v.使结束( consummate的过去式和过去分词 )；使完美；完婚；（婚礼后的）圆房 | |
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55
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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56
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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57
enumerate
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| v.列举，计算，枚举，数 | |
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58
bazaar
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| n.集市，商店集中区 | |
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59
tract
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| n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林) | |
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60
poultry
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| n.家禽，禽肉 | |
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61
temperate
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| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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62
maize
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| n.玉米 | |
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63
savory
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| adj.风味极佳的，可口的，味香的 | |
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64
pastry
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| n.油酥面团，酥皮糕点 | |
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65
stimulating
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| adj.有启发性的，能激发人思考的 | |
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66
beverages
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| n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 ) | |
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67
spicy
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| adj.加香料的；辛辣的，有风味的 | |
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68
foaming
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| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
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69
aroma
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| n.香气，芬芳，芳香 | |
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70
vanilla
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| n.香子兰，香草 | |
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71
inebriating
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| vt.使酒醉，灌醉（inebriate的现在分词形式） | |
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72
fermented
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| v.（使）发酵( ferment的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）激动；骚动；骚扰 | |
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73
smothered
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的过去式和过去分词 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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74
noxious
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| adj.有害的，有毒的；使道德败坏的，讨厌的 | |
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75
variegated
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| adj.斑驳的，杂色的 | |
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76
enumerated
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|
| v.列举，枚举，数( enumerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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77
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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78
conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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79
swarmed
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| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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80
thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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81
barter
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| n.物物交换，以货易货，实物交易 | |
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82
quills
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| n.（刺猬或豪猪的）刺( quill的名词复数 )；羽毛管；翮；纡管 | |
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83
determined
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|
| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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84
reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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85
offenders
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| n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物） | |
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86
converged
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| v.（线条、运动的物体等）会于一点( converge的过去式 )；（趋于）相似或相同；人或车辆汇集；聚集 | |
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87
scattered
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|
| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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88
beheld
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|
| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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89
admiration
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|
| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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90
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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91
bustling
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| adj.喧闹的 | |
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92
edifices
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| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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93
edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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94
consecrated
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|
| adj.神圣的，被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣，给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 )；奉献 | |
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95
antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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96
dedication
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| n.奉献，献身，致力，题献，献辞 | |
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97
encompassed
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| v.围绕( encompass的过去式和过去分词 )；包围；包含；包括 | |
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98
emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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99
gateways
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| n.网关( gateway的名词复数 )；门径；方法；大门口 | |
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100
arsenal
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| n.兵工厂，军械库 | |
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101
garrisoned
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| 卫戍部队守备( garrison的过去式和过去分词 )； 派部队驻防 | |
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102
tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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103
sedition
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| n.煽动叛乱 | |
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104
pebbles
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| [复数]鹅卵石； 沙砾； 卵石，小圆石( pebble的名词复数 ) | |
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105
porous
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| adj.可渗透的，多孔的 | |
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106
cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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107
receding
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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108
primitive
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|
| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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109
ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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110
imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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111
pompous
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的；夸大的；豪华的 | |
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112
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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113
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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114
diabolical
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| adj.恶魔似的，凶暴的 | |
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115
utensils
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| 器具，用具，器皿( utensil的名词复数 )； 器物 | |
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116
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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117
extinction
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| n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种 | |
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118
boded
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| v.预示，预告，预言( bode的过去式和过去分词 )；等待，停留( bide的过去分词 )；居住；（过去式用bided）等待 | |
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119
cylindrical
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| adj.圆筒形的 | |
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120
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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121
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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122
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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123
politic
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| adj.有智虑的；精明的；v.从政 | |
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124
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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125
bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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126
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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127
insular
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| adj.岛屿的，心胸狭窄的 | |
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128
metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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129
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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130
burnished
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| adj.抛光的，光亮的v.擦亮（金属等），磨光( burnish的过去式和过去分词 )；被擦亮，磨光 | |
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131
vapor
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| n.蒸汽，雾气 | |
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132
hoary
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| adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的 | |
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133
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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134
utterance
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| n.用言语表达，话语，言语 | |
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135
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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136
domains
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| n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产 | |
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137
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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138
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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139
discreet
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| adj.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的 | |
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140
ecclesiastic
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| n.教士，基督教会；adj.神职者的，牧师的，教会的 | |
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141
lamentably
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| adv.哀伤地，拙劣地 | |
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142
deficient
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| adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的 | |
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143
dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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144
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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145
shrines
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| 圣地，圣坛，神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 ) | |
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146
assented
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| 同意，赞成( assent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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147
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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148
recess
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| n.短期休息，壁凹（墙上装架子，柜子等凹处） | |
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149
colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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150
tutelary
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| adj.保护的；守护的 | |
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151
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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152
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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153
symbolical
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| a.象征性的 | |
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154
wielded
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| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的过去式和过去分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
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155
profusely
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| ad.abundantly | |
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156
emblematical
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| adj.标志的，象征的，典型的 | |
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157
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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158
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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159
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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160
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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161
chapels
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| n.小教堂， （医院、监狱等的）附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 )；（在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的）礼拜仪式 | |
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162
chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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163
gore
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| n.凝血，血污；v.（动物）用角撞伤，用牙刺破；缝以补裆；顶 | |
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164
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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165
clotted
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| adj.凝结的v.凝固( clot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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166
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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167
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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168
idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
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169
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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170
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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171
outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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172
expiate
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| v.抵补，赎罪 | |
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173
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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174
leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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175
deities
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| n.神，女神( deity的名词复数 )；神祗；神灵；神明 | |
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176
fangs
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| n.（尤指狗和狼的）长而尖的牙( fang的名词复数 )；（蛇的）毒牙；罐座 | |
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177
furtive
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| adj.鬼鬼崇崇的，偷偷摸摸的 | |
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178
shuddered
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| v.战栗( shudder的过去式和过去分词 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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179
mound
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| n.土墩，堤，小山；v.筑堤，用土堆防卫 | |
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180
skulls
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| 颅骨( skull的名词复数 )； 脑袋； 脑子； 脑瓜 | |
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181
trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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182
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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183
commemorated
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| v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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184
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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185
initiated
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| n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入 | |
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186
embroidery
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| n.绣花，刺绣；绣制品 | |
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187
permanently
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| adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地 | |
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188
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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189
mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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190
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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191
copious
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| adj.丰富的，大量的 | |
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192
requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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193
rites
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| 仪式，典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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194
frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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195
nurture
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| n.养育，照顾，教育；滋养，营养品；vt.养育，给与营养物，教养，扶持 | |
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196
inmates
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| n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 ) | |
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197
snares
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| n.陷阱( snare的名词复数 )；圈套；诱人遭受失败（丢脸、损失等）的东西；诱惑物v.用罗网捕捉，诱陷，陷害( snare的第三人称单数 ) | |
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198
beguile
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| vt.欺骗，消遣 | |
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199
deluded
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| v.欺骗，哄骗( delude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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200
elation
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| n.兴高采烈，洋洋得意 | |
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201
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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202
kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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203
resentment
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| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
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204
subsided
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的过去式和过去分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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205
rumor
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| n.谣言，谣传，传说 | |
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206
scruple
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| n./v.顾忌，迟疑 | |
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207
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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208
hoard
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| n./v.窖藏，贮存，囤积 | |
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209
tributary
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| n.支流；纳贡国；adj.附庸的；辅助的；支流的 | |
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210
commendable
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| adj.值得称赞的 | |
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211
scruples
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| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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212
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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213
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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214
propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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215
edifying
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| adj.有教训意味的，教训性的，有益的v.开导，启发( edify的现在分词 ) | |
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216
benighted
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| adj.蒙昧的 | |
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