Charles Pichegru was born on the 16th of February, 1761, in the village of Planches, near Arbois. His family were poor and rustic2; his forefathers3 had been known for three or four hundred years as honest day-laborers, and they had derived4 their name from the character of their work. They reaped their gru or grain, with the pic or mattock; from these two words, pic and gru, the name of Pichegru had been derived.
Pichegru, who early showed traces of that precocious5 disposition6 which marks the distinguished7 man, began his education at the school of the Paulist Fathers at Arbois; they, seeing his rapid progress, particularly in mathematics, sent him, with Father Patrault, one of their professors, to the College of Brienne. There he made such progress that at the end of two years he was appointed assistant professor. At this period his whole ambition was to be a monk8; but Father Patrault, who divined Napoleon's genius, saw,[Pg 114] with equal clearness, Pichegru's possibilities, and induced him to turn his attention to military life.
Yielding to his advice, Pichegru, in 1783, entered the first foot artillery9, where, thanks to his incontestable merit, he promptly10 rose to the rank of adjutant, in which grade he made his first campaign in America. Upon his return to France he ardently11 embraced the principles of 1789, and was a leader in a popular society in Besan?on, when a regiment12 of the Volunteer Guards, passing through the city, chose him for their commander. Two months later Pichegru was commander-in-chief of the Army of the Rhine.
M. de Narbonne, Minister of War, having missed him, asked one day in speaking of him: "What became of that young officer to whom all the colonels were tempted13 to take off their hats when they spoke14 to him?"
This young officer had become commander-in-chief of the Army of the Rhine, a promotion15 that had not tended to make him any prouder than he had been before. And, indeed, Pichegru's rapid advancement16, his fine education, and the exalted17 position he held in the army had not changed in the least the simplicity18 of his heart. As a sub-officer, he had had a mistress, and had always provided for her; her name was Rose, she was thirty years old, a dressmaker, lame19, and not at all pretty. She lived at Besan?on. Once a week she wrote to the general, always in the most respectful manner.
These letters were always full of good counsel and tender advice; she admonished20 the general not to be dazzled by his good fortune, and to remain the same Charlot that he had always been at home; she urged him to economy, not for her sake, but for that of his parents. She, God be thanked, could take care of herself; she had made six dresses for the wife of a representative, and was to make six more for the wife of a general. She had in addition three pieces of gold, which represented fifteen or sixteen hundred francs in paper money.
Pichegru, whatever his occupation, always read these[Pg 115] letters as soon as he received them, and put them away in his portfolio21 carefully, saying: "Poor dear girl, I myself taught her how to spell."
We crave22 permission to enlarge upon these details. We are about to bring actively23 upon the stage men who, for a long time, have been more or less prominently before the eyes of Europe, who have been praised or blamed as the different parties wished to elevate or abase24 them. Historians themselves have judged these men more or less superficially, thanks to their habit of accepting ready-made opinions; but it is different with the novelist, constrained25 as he is to descend26 to the veriest details, since in the most insignificant27 he may sometimes find the thread that will guide him through the most inextricable labyrinth—that of the human heart. We therefore dare to affirm that in showing them in their private life, which historians altogether neglect to do, as well as in their public life, to which too much attention is often paid, although it is sometimes but the mask of the other, we shall bring these illustrious dead before the reader's eyes, for the first time as they really were—these dead whom political passions have cast into the hands of calumny28 to be buried and forgotten.
Thus history tells us that Pichegru betrayed France, for the sake of the government of Alsace, the red ribbon, the Chateau29 of Chambord, its park, and its dependencies, together with twelve pieces of cannon30, a million, in ready money, two thousand francs of income, half of which was revertible at his death to his wife, and five thousand to each of his children; and finally the territory of Arbois, which was to bear the title of Pichegru, and was to be exempt31 from taxes for ten years.
The material reply to this accusation32 is that, as Pichegru was never married, he had neither wife nor children to provide for; the moral reply is, to show him in his private life that we may know what his needs and ambitions really were.
Rose, as we have seen, gave two pieces of advice to her lover: One was to practice economy for his parents' sake,[Pg 116] and the other was to remain the same good and simple Charlot that he had always been.
Pichegru received during the campaign a daily sum of one hundred and fifty thousand francs in paper money. The sum for the whole month arrived on the 1st in great sheets divided off. Every morning enough was cut off for the needs of the day, and the sheet was laid upon a table with a pair of scissors upon it. Any one who wished had access to it, and the result was that the sheet rarely lasted the whole month. When it was gone, on the 24th or 25th, as frequently happened, every one had to get along as best he could for the remainder of the time.
One of his secretaries wrote of him: "The great mathematician33 of Brienne was incapable34 of calculating in ready money the account of his washerwoman." And he added: "An empire would have been too small for his genius; a farm was too great for his indolence."
As for Rose's advice to remain "the same good Charlot," we shall see whether he needed the advice.
Two or three years after the time of which we are writing, Pichegru, then at the height of his popularity, on his return to his beloved Franche-Comté, to revisit his natal35 town of Planche, was stopped at the entrance of Arbois, beneath a triumphal arch, by a deputation which came to compliment him and to invite him to a state dinner and a grand ball.
"My dear compatriot, I have only a few hours to pass in the place where I was born, and I must devote most of them to my relatives in the neighboring villages; if the friendship which exists between us should lead me to neglect them, you would be the first to blame me, and you would be right. You have come to invite me to a dinner and a ball, and, although I have not been in the habit of indulging in those pleasures lately, I should be delighted to participate in them. I should be pleased to drink a few glasses of our excellent new wine in such good company, and to watch the young[Pg 117] girls of Arbois dancing; they must be very pretty, if they resemble their mothers. But a soldier has only his word, and I swear to you, on my honor, that I am engaged. Long ago I promised Barbier, the vine-dresser, to take my first meal with him when next I should come here, and I cannot in conscience eat two dinners between now and sunset."
"But," said the president, "it seems to me that there is a way of compromising the difficulty."
"What is it?"
"To invite Barbier to dine with us."
"If you do that, and he accepts, I shall ask nothing better," said Pichegru. "But I doubt if he will. Does he still have that same fierce and melancholy37 air which won him the name of Barbier the Desperate?"
"More than ever, general."
"Well, I will go and find him myself," said Pichegru, "for I think nothing short of my influence will induce him to dine with us."
"Very well, general, we will accompany you," said the deputies.
"Come along," said Pichegru.
And they went in search of Barbier the Desperate, a poor vine-dresser, who owned only a hundred vines, and who watered with their produce his poor crust of black bread.
They walked through the town. At the other end the general stopped before an old linden tree.
"Citizens," he said, "preserve this tree and never allow any one to cut it down. It was here that a hero, who had defended your town with five hundred men against the whole royal army commanded by Biron, suffered martyrdom. The hero's name was Claude Morel. That brute38 of a beast, named Biron, who ended by biting the hand that fed him, had Morel hanged to that tree. A few years later, it was Biron himself, who, having betrayed France, fought for his life with the executioner, until the man was forced to cut off his head by a miracle of strength and skill, tak[Pg 118]ing his sword from the attendant's hand when the prisoner was not looking."
And saluting39 the glorious tree, Pichegru continued on his way amid the plaudits of the people who accompanied him.
Some one who knew where Barbier's vineyard was, discovered him in the midst of the poles and called him. Barbier lifted his head, covered with the traditional red cap, and asked: "Who wants me?"
"Charlot," replied the other.
"What Charlot?"
"Charlot Pichegru."
"You are making fun of me," said the vine-dresser, and he returned to his work.
"Indeed, I am not, for here he is himself."
"Hey! Barbier," cried Pichegru.
At the well-known voice, Barbier the Desperate stood up, and seeing the general's uniform in the midst of the group, he exclaimed: "Hallo! is it really he?"
Running through the poles, he stopped at the edge of the vineyard to assure himself that he was not the victim of a hallucination. Having satisfied himself that it really was the general, he ran to him, and, throwing himself into his arms, cried: "Is it indeed you, my dear Charlot, my Charlot?"
"And is it you, my dear friend?" replied Pichegru, pressing him to his heart.
And the peasant and his friend wept together, while every one drew aside that their meeting might be uninterrupted.
After the first greetings had been exchanged, the president approached them, and explained to Barbier the Desperate the object of this ceremonious visit in the midst of the fields. Barbier looked at Pichegru to know whether he should accept or not. The latter nodded affirmatively.
Barbier wished at least to go home and put on his Sunday clothes, but the president, who had read in Berchou's poems what that famous lover of good cheer has to say[Pg 119] about warmed-up dinners, would not allow him to take the time, and they escorted Pichegru and Barbier the Desperate to the mayor's house, where dinner was awaiting them.
Pichegru placed the president at his right, but Barbier the Desperate sat at his left, and Pichegru talked to him constantly, never leaving him until he took his departure.
We crave pardon for this long digression which gives a glimpse of one of the most remarkable40 men of the Revolution. This glance, thrown upon his private life, will aid us to judge and understand, perhaps more impartially41 than has been done in the past, the man who is to be one of the most important characters in this story.
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1
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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rustic
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| adj.乡村的，有乡村特色的；n.乡下人，乡巴佬 | |
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forefathers
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| n.祖先，先人；祖先，祖宗( forefather的名词复数 )；列祖列宗；前人 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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precocious
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| adj.早熟的；较早显出的 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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monk
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| n.和尚，僧侣，修道士 | |
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artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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ardently
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| adv.热心地，热烈地 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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advancement
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| n.前进，促进，提升 | |
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exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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lame
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| adj.跛的，(辩解、论据等)无说服力的 | |
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admonished
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| v.劝告( admonish的过去式和过去分词 )；训诫；（温和地）责备；轻责 | |
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portfolio
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| n.公事包；文件夹；大臣及部长职位 | |
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crave
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| vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求 | |
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actively
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| adv.积极地，勤奋地 | |
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abase
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| v.降低，贬抑 | |
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constrained
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| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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calumny
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| n.诽谤，污蔑，中伤 | |
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chateau
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| n.城堡，别墅 | |
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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mathematician
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| n.数学家 | |
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incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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natal
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| adj.出生的，先天的 | |
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orator
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| n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家 | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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saluting
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的现在分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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impartially
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| adv.公平地，无私地 | |
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