Monsieur and Madame D——, together with the two little girls, accompanied me in their private carriage to Portrieux, a distance of forty miles, in order to confide4 me safely to the captain’s care. As they wished me “bon voyage” and embraced me affectionately, Mons. D—— handed me a valuable purse for pocket-money during my absence, and they all exhibited great anxiety for my welfare, saying over and over again au revoir, as they entered their carriage to return to their happy home;—thereby implying that this was not a final adieu, but that we should soon meet again.
I cannot tell why it was, but I experienced at that moment a painful feeling of mental indecision about the future. I had no real reason to doubt my return to France, and the certainty of a warm welcome when I should again greet those dear ones who were now leaving me in tears; but my mind was troubled by a vague feeling of uncertainty5 which made me anything but happy. Filial affection and a sense of duty drew me towards my parents in England; while a feeling of gratitude6, and, I think, another and more tender sentiment, turned the current of my thoughts towards the happy home at St. Brieux.
It was not necessary for me to stop in Jersey for more than a few hours, but I wanted to revisit the scenes of my childhood’s happy days, and to speak again with those whom I had known and loved in early life. In later years the scenes and memories of childhood seem like the imaginings of a pleasant dream. A sweet charm is thrown around all that we then said and did; and the men and women who then[8] were known to us are pictured in our recollection as beings possessing charms and graces such as never belonged to the common-place children of earth. The glamour7 of a fairy wand is over all the past history of mankind; but upon nothing does it cast so potent8 a spell as upon the personal reminiscences of our own infant years. To me that little island had charms which no stranger could ever have discovered; and even now, after the lapse9 of so many long, eventful years I often feel an earnest wish to visit again those rock-bound shores, to listen to the everlasting10 murmur11 of the wild, wild waves, to watch the distant speck-like vessels12 far away upon the swelling13 ocean, and to drink in the invigorating breezes which seem to give life and energy to every pulsation14 of the living soul.
But I must not theorize: life has been to me too earnest and too painful to admit of much sentiment or fancy as I recall the past. Little as I thought it, during the short visit which I paid to my birthplace the web of destiny was being woven for me in a way which I could not then have conjectured16 even in a dream.
At St. Heliers I heard for the first time of the Latter-day Saints, or Mormonites, as they were more familiarly called; but I cannot express how perfectly17 astonished I was when I learned that my father, mother, sisters, and one of my brothers had been converted to the new faith.
It was my own brother-in-law who told me this. He himself, with my sister, were “Apostate18” Mormons. They had been baptized into the Mormon Church, but became dissatisfied, and abandoned it. The St. Heliers branch of the Latter-day Saints had had a turbulent experience. Their first teachings had been a mixture of Bible texts about the last days, and arguments about the millennium19, the return of the Jews to Palestine, the resurrection of the dead, and a new revelation and a new prophet; but the improper20 conduct of some of the elders had disgusted the people with their doctrines22, and the tales of wickedness which I heard were, if true, certainly sufficient to justify23 them in rejecting such instructors24.
The more I heard of this strange religion the more I was troubled; yet, as I knew my parents were devoted25 Christians27, I could hardly believe that Mormonism was such a vile28 delusion29 and imposture30 as it had been represented to me, or they would never have accepted it: still it was possible that they had been led astray by the fascinations31 of a new religion.
[9]
In this state of mind I met in the street the wife of the Baptist minister whom I have already mentioned. She greeted me affectionately and then began at once to warn me against the Latter-day Saints. I inquired what she knew of them; and she replied that personally she knew nothing, but she believed them to be servants of the Evil One, adding, “There is a strange power with them that fascinates the people and draws them into their meshes32 in spite of themselves. Let me entreat33 you not to go near them. Do not trust yourself at one of their meetings, or the delusion will take hold of you too.”
“I cannot ignore Mormonism in this way,” I said, “or pass it by with indifference34; for my parents whom I tenderly love have been blinded by this delusion, and I can do no less than investigate its teachings thoroughly35, and if I find it false, expose its errors, and, if possible, save my father’s family from ruin.”
She was not convinced that this was the wisest course for me to pursue, but I resolved at once to attend a meeting of the Saints and judge for myself. My brother-in-law, when he heard of my intentions, tried to dissuade36 me, but, finding me determined37, finally offered to escort me to the meeting-place.
What I heard on this occasion made a great impression on my mind, and set me thinking as I had never thought before. On returning to my sister’s house she asked me what opinion I had now formed of the Latter-day Saints. I replied that I had not yet formed any conclusion, but that what I had heard had given me serious cause for reflection. “Oh,” she said, “you have caught the Mormon fever, I see.”
I felt a disposition38 to resent this implication, but I was half afraid that, after all, my sister was right. Much that I had heard could, I knew, be proved true from Scripture39; and the rest seemed to me to be capable of demonstration40 from the same authority. I resolved, however, to fortify41 myself against a too easy credulity, and thought that probably if I heard more of these doctrines I might be able to discover their falsity.
On the following day, the elder who had preached at the meeting, and who, by the way, is one of the present proprietors42 of the Salt Lake Herald43, called to see me, as he had been intimate with my parents before they left the island. I hardly knew how to be civil to him, though he had done nothing to offend me, nor had he been the cause of my parents entering the Mormon Church; but I disliked him solely44 on account of[10] the stories which I had heard about the Mormons. Intending only to be kind to me, he told me that on the following day he proposed to take the steamer for Southampton, as he was going to attend a conference of the Saints in London, and that he should be pleased to show me any attentions while crossing the Channel, and would see me safe home in England. I confess I really felt insulted at a Mormon Elder offering to be my escort; and although my trunks were ready packed for my departure by the same steamer, and Mr. Dunbar knew it, I thanked him politely, but said I would not go by that boat. He tried to persuade me to change my mind, and said that I should have to wait a whole week for another vessel; and at last I frankly45 told him the abhorrence46 I felt at the things I had heard about the Mormons, and that I should be afraid to travel in the same steamer with him or any of the Mormon Elders whom I regarded as no better than so many whited sepulchres. He, however, very kindly47 took no offence, for he knew that I had been listening to those who disliked the Saints. I felt ashamed at having been betrayed into such unladylike rudeness, but, notwithstanding, tried to persuade myself that his civility was, after all, an insult; for I had conceived a detestation of every Mormon, on account of the deception48 which I felt sure had been practised upon my family.
This feeling was not lessened49 by the consciousness that an impression had been made upon my own mind. The more in accordance with Scripture the teaching of the Elders appeared, the more firmly I believed it must be a powerful delusion. Here, I said, Satan has indeed taken the form of an angel of light to deceive, if possible, the very elect.
Elder Dunbar, finding me unyielding, left by the next steamer, and had a pleasant passage across the Channel, and I remained on the island another week. During that interval50 my mind was haunted with what I had heard of this new gospel dispensation, as it was called. That angels had again descended51 from heaven to teach man upon earth; that a prophet had been raised up to speak again the mind of the Lord to the children of men; that the Saints were partakers of the gifts of the Spirit, as in the Early Christian26 Church,—all these assumed facts took the form of reality, and came back into my mind with greater force every time I strove to drive them away; just as our thoughts do when we desire to sleep, and cannot—our very efforts to dismiss them bring them back with greater force to torment52 us.
We had an unusually bad passage across the Channel,[11] which annoyed me all the more when I remembered my scornful refusal to go in the same boat with Elder Dunbar.
On my arrival in Southampton I soon discovered that my father, mother, and sisters were full of the spirit of Mormonism. They were rejoicing in it, ardently53 believing that it was the fulness of the everlasting gospel, as the Elders styled it; and whatever I might think of the new religion, I was forced to confess that it brought into my father’s house peace, love, kindness, and charity such as were seldom seen in many households of religious people. My sisters were completely changed in their manner of life. They cared I nothing for the amusements which girls of their age usually crave54 and enjoy. Their whole thoughts seemed to be occupied with the Church, attending the meetings of the Saints, and employing every leisure hour in preparing comforts for the Elders who were travelling and preaching without purse and scrip. And in all this they were as happy as children.
Of my parents I might say the same. My dear mother rejoiced in the belief that she had been peculiarly blessed in being privileged to live at a time when “the last dispensation” was revealed; and my father, though an invalid56, rejoiced that he had entered into the kingdom by baptism. Such was the condition of my father’s house; and who can wonder that, accustomed as I was to listen with respect to the opinions of my parents, I was more than ever troubled about the new religion which they had adopted?
The first Sunday morning that I was in England, my parents asked me to accompany them to meeting, and I readily complied, as I wanted to hear more of the strange doctrines which in some mysterious way had made our family so happy, but which in other quarters had provoked such bitter hostility57. I know now that this joyousness58 of heart is not peculiar55 to new converts to Mormonism, but may be found among the newly-converted of every sect59 which allows the emotional feelings to come into play. To me, at the time, however, it was a mystery, but I must confess that the change which had taken place in those nearest and dearest to me, affecting me personally, and being so evidently in accordance with the teachings of the Saviour60, led me to regard Mormonism with less antipathy61. The bright side alone of the new faith was presented to the world abroad; we had yet to go to Utah and witness the effects of Brigham Young’s teachings at home before we could know what Mormonism really was.
I shall never forget the trial it was to my pride to enter the[12] dirty, mean-looking room where the Saints assembled at that time. No one would rent a respectable hall to them, and they were glad to obtain the use of any place which was large enough for their meetings. On the present occasion there was a very fair gathering62 of people, who had come together influenced by the most varied63 motives64. The Presiding Elder—I should here remark that the word “Elder” has among the Mormons no reference whatever to age, but is simply a rank in the priesthood—called the meeting to order, and read the following hymn65:
The morning breaks, the shadows flee;
Lo! Zion’s standard is unfurl’d!
The dawning of a brighter day
The clouds of error disappear
Before the rays of truth divine;
The glory bursting from afar,
Wide o’er the nations soon will shine!
The Gentile fulness now comes in,
Shall in the promised Canaan stand.
Angels from heaven and truth from earth
Have met, and both have record borne;
To bring her ransom’d children home.
Every word of this hymn had a meaning peculiar to itself, relating to the distinctive70 doctrines of the Saints. The congregation sang with an energy and enthusiasm which made the room shake again. Self and the outer world were alike forgotten, and an ecstasy71 of rapture72 seemed to possess the souls of all present. Then all kneeled down, and prayer was offered for the Prophet, the apostles, high-priests, “seventies,” elders, priests, teachers, and deacons; blessings were invoked73 upon the Saints, and power to convert the Gentiles; and as the earnest words of supplication74 left the speaker’s lips, the congregation shouted a loud “Amen.”
There was no prepared sermon. There never is at a Mormon meeting. The people are taught that the Holy Ghost is “mouth, matter, and wisdom.” Whatever the preaching Elder may say is supposed to come directly by inspiration from heaven, and the Saints listening, as they believe, not to his utterances75 but to the words of God Himself, have nothing to do but to hear and obey.
[13]
The first speaker on this occasion was a young gentleman of respectable family, who had been recently baptized and ordained76. He, too, was from St. Heliers, and I had known him from childhood. His address impressed me very much. He had been a member of the Baptist church, and he related his experience, told how often he had wondered why there were not inspired men to preach the glad tidings of salvation77 to the world to-day, as there were eighteen centuries ago. He spoke78 of the joy which he had experienced in being baptized into the Mormon Church and realizing that he had received the “gift of the Holy Ghost.” The simplicity79 with which he spoke, his evident honesty, and the sacrifice he had made in leaving the respectable Baptists and joining the despised Mormons, were, I thought, so many evidences of his sincerity80.
Alas81! how little could that young preacher conjecture15 how different the practical Mormonism in Utah was from the theoretical Mormonism which he had learned to believe in Europe, before polygamy was known among the Saints. A short time afterwards he gave up his business, married an accomplished82 young lady, and went with her to Salt Lake City. There they were soon utterly83 disgusted with what they witnessed, apostatized, and set out for England. When they had gone three-fourths of their way back to the Missouri river, the young man, his wife, child, and another apostate and his wife, were killed by “Indians:”—such, at least, was the report; but dissenting84 Mormons have always charged their “taking off” to the order of the leaders of the Mormon Church.
But to return to the meeting. The reader must please forgive me if I dwell a little upon the events of that particular morning, for naturally they made a deep impression upon my own mind—it was there that I saw for the first time my husband who was to be.
I had heard a good deal about a certain Elder, from my family and from the Saints who visited at our house. They spoke with great enthusiasm of the earnestness with which he preached, of the effect which his addresses produced, and of his confidence in the final triumph of “the kingdom.”
At that time—the summer of 1849—although the branch of the Mormon Church in Britain was in a most flourishing condition, there were not in England more than two or three American Elders preaching the faith, for when—two years before the period of which I speak—the Saints left Nauvoo[14] and undertook that most extraordinary exodus85 across the plains to the Rocky Mountains, the missionary86 Elders were all called home, and the work of proselytizing87 in Europe was left entirely88 to the native Elders. To direct their labours there was placed over them an American elder named Orson Spencer, a graduate of Dartmouth University, a scholar and a gentleman—a man well calculated from his previous Christian education to give an elevated tone to the teachings of the young English missionaries89.
Mormonism in England then, had no resemblance to the Mormonism of Utah to-day. The Mormons were then simply an earnest religious people, in many respects like the Methodists, especially in their missionary zeal90 and fervour of spirit. The Mormon Church abroad was purely91 a religious institution, and Mormonism was preached by the Elders as the gospel of Christianity restored. The Church had no political shaping nor the remotest antagonism92 to the civil power. The name of Joseph Smith was seldom spoken, and still more seldom was heard the name of Brigham Young, and then only so far as they had reference to the Church of the Saints.
About eighteen months before I visited Southampton, one of these missionaries had come into that town, “without purse or scrip.” He was quite a young man and almost penniless, but he was rich in faith and overflowing93 with zeal. He knew no one there; and homeless, and frequently hungry, he continued his labours. Of fasting he knew much, of feasting nothing. He first preached under the branches of a spreading beech-tree in a public park, and when more favoured he held forth in a school-room or public hall. He had come to convert the people to Mormonism, or he was going to die among them; and before such zeal and determination, discouragements, of course, soon vanished away. He troubled the ministers of other dissenting churches when they found him distributing tracts94 and talking to their people. He was sowing broadcast dissatisfaction and discontent wherever he could get any one to listen to him, and thus he drew down upon himself the eloquence95 of the dissenting pulpits and the derision of the local press. But the more they attacked him the more zealously96 did he labour, and defied his opponents to public discussion. Mormonism was bold then in Europe—it had no American history to meet in those days.
This, and a great deal more, I had heard discussed in glowing language by my relatives and friends; and thus the young missionary—Elder Stenhouse—was, by name, no stranger to me.
[15]
It was Elder Stenhouse who now addressed the meeting, and I listened to him with attention. The reader must remember that at that time polygamy was unheard of as a doctrine21 of the Saints, and the blood-atonement, the doctrine that Adam is God, together with the polytheism and priestly theocracy97 of after-years, were things undreamed of. The saving love of Christ, the glory and fulness of the everlasting Gospel, the gifts and graces of the Spirit, together with repentance98, baptism, and faith, were the points upon which the Mormon teachers touched; and who can wonder that with such topics as these, and fortifying99 every statement with powerful and numerous texts of Scripture, they should captivate the minds of religiously inclined people? However this may be, I can only confess that, as I listened to Elder Stenhouse’s earnest discourse100, I felt my antipathy to Mormonism rapidly melting away.
At the close of the service, when he left the platform, he was warmly received by the brethren and sisters, for so the Saints speak of one another, and they came about him to shake hands, or it might be to seize the opportunity of slipping a trifle into his hand to help him in his work. Young and old, the poor and their more wealthy neighbours, mingled101 together like one happy family. It was altogether a most pleasing scene; and, whatever explanation may yet be given to Mormonism in America, one thing I know—the facts of its early history in Europe are among the most pleasant reminiscences of my life.
Elder Stenhouse came up in a familiar and open-hearted way to my mother and sisters, and I was introduced to him as “the other daughter from France.” He kindly welcomed me, and when I frankly told him the state of my mind, he made, I must admit, a successful attempt to solve my doubts, and when I left the meeting it was with sentiments towards the Saints and their religion far different from those which I entertained when I entered.
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n.易变,靠不住,不确知,不确定的事物 | |
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n.过失,流逝,失效,抛弃信仰,间隔;vi.堕落,停止,失效,流逝;vt.使失效 | |
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n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人 | |
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18 apostate | |
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19 millennium | |
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21 doctrine | |
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29 delusion | |
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76 ordained | |
v.任命(某人)为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 );授予(某人)圣职;(上帝、法律等)命令;判定 | |
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77 salvation | |
n.(尤指基督)救世,超度,拯救,解困 | |
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78 spoke | |
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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79 simplicity | |
n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯 | |
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80 sincerity | |
n.真诚,诚意;真实 | |
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81 alas | |
int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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82 accomplished | |
adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的 | |
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83 utterly | |
adv.完全地,绝对地 | |
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84 dissenting | |
adj.不同意的 | |
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85 exodus | |
v.大批离去,成群外出 | |
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86 missionary | |
adj.教会的,传教(士)的;n.传教士 | |
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87 proselytizing | |
v.(使)改变宗教信仰[政治信仰、意见等],使变节( proselytize的现在分词 ) | |
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88 entirely | |
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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89 missionaries | |
n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 ) | |
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90 zeal | |
n.热心,热情,热忱 | |
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91 purely | |
adv.纯粹地,完全地 | |
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92 antagonism | |
n.对抗,敌对,对立 | |
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93 overflowing | |
n. 溢出物,溢流 adj. 充沛的,充满的 动词overflow的现在分词形式 | |
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94 tracts | |
大片土地( tract的名词复数 ); 地带; (体内的)道; (尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的)短文 | |
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95 eloquence | |
n.雄辩;口才,修辞 | |
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96 zealously | |
adv.热心地;热情地;积极地;狂热地 | |
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97 theocracy | |
n.神权政治;僧侣政治 | |
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98 repentance | |
n.懊悔 | |
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99 fortifying | |
筑防御工事于( fortify的现在分词 ); 筑堡于; 增强; 强化(食品) | |
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100 discourse | |
n.论文,演说;谈话;话语;vi.讲述,著述 | |
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101 mingled | |
混合,混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 ); 混进,与…交往[联系] | |
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102 memorable | |
adj.值得回忆的,难忘的,特别的,显著的 | |
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