I found splendid growths of shining-leaved Ericace? (heathworts) for which the Alleghany Mountains are noted5. Also ferns of which Osmunda cinnamomea [Cinnamon Fern] is the largest and perhaps the most abundant. Osmunda regalis [Flowering Fern] is also common here, but not large. In Wood’s[1] and Gray’s Botany Osmunda cinnamomea is said to be a much larger fern than Osmunda claytoniana. This I found to be true in Tennessee and southward, but in Indiana, part of Illinois, and Wisconsin the opposite is true. Found here the beautiful, sensitive Schrankia, or sensitive brier. It is a long, prickly, leguminous vine, with dense6 heads of small, yellow fragrant7 flowers.
[1] Alphonso Wood, Class-book of Botany, with a Flora8 of The United States and Canada. The copy of this work, carried by Mr. Muir on his wanderings, is still extant. The edition is that of 1862.
Vines growing on roadsides receive many a tormenting9 blow, simply because they give evidence of feeling. Sensitive people are served in the same way. But the roadside vine soon becomes less sensitive, like people getting used to teasing—Nature, in this instance, making for the comfort of flower creatures the same benevolent10 arrangement as for man. Thus I found that the Schrankia vines growing along foot-paths leading to a backwoods schoolhouse were much less sensitive than those in the adjacent unfrequented woods, having learned to pay but slight attention to the tingling11 strokes they get from teasing scholars.
It is startling to see the pairs of pinnate leaves rising quickly out of the grass and folding themselves close in regular succession from the root to the end of the prostrate12 stems, ten to twenty feet in length. How little we know as yet of the life of plants—their hopes and fears, pains and enjoyments13!
Traveled a few miles with an old Tennessee farmer who was much excited on account of the news he had just heard. “Three kingdoms, England, Ireland, and Russia, have declared war agin the United States. Oh, it’s terrible, terrible,” said he. “This big war comin’ so quick after our own big fight. Well, it can’t be helped, and all I have to say is, Amerricay forever, but I’d a heap rather they didn’t fight.”
“But are you sure the news is true?” I inquired. “Oh, yes, quite sure,” he replied, “for me and some of my neighbors were down at the store last night, and Jim Smith can read, and he found out all about it in a newspaper.”
Passed the poor, rickety, thrice-dead village of Jamestown, an incredibly dreary14 place. Toward the top of the Cumberland grade, about two hours before sundown I came to a log house, and as I had been warned that all the broad plateau of the range for forty or fifty miles was desolate15, I began thus early to seek a lodging16 for the night. Knocking at the door, a motherly old lady replied to my request for supper and bed and breakfast, that I was welcome to the best she had, provided that I had the necessary change to pay my bill. When I told her that unfortunately I had nothing smaller than a five-dollar greenback, she said, “Well, I’m sorry, but cannot afford to keep you. Not long ago ten soldiers came across from North Carolina, and in the morning they offered a greenback that I couldn’t change, and so I got nothing for keeping them, which I was ill able to afford.” “Very well,” I said, “I’m glad you spoke17 of this beforehand, for I would rather go hungry than impose on your hospitality.”
As I turned to leave, after bidding her good-bye, she, evidently pitying me for my tired looks, called me back and asked me if I would like a drink of milk. This I gladly accepted, thinking that perhaps I might not be successful in getting any other nourishment18 for a day or two. Then I inquired whether there were any more houses on the road, nearer than North Carolina, forty or fifty miles away. “Yes,” she said, “it’s only two miles to the next house, but beyond that there are no houses that I know of except empty ones whose owners have been killed or driven away during the war.”
Arriving at the last house, my knock at the door was answered by a bright, good-natured, good-looking little woman, who in reply to my request for a night’s lodging and food, said, “Oh, I guess so. I think you can stay. Come in and I’ll call my husband.” “But I must first warn you,” I said, “that I have nothing smaller to offer you than a five-dollar bill for my entertainment. I don’t want you to think that I am trying to impose on your hospitality.”
She then called her husband, a blacksmith, who was at work at his forge. He came out, hammer in hand, bare-breasted, sweaty, begrimed, and covered with shaggy black hair. In reply to his wife’s statement, that this young man wished to stop over night, he quickly replied, “That’s all right; tell him to go into the house.” He was turning to go back to his shop, when his wife added, “But he says he hasn’t any change to pay. He has nothing smaller than a five-dollar bill.” Hesitating only a moment, he turned on his heel and said, “Tell him to go into the house. A man that comes right out like that beforehand is welcome to eat my bread.”
When he came in after his hard day’s work and sat down to dinner, he solemnly asked a blessing19 on the frugal20 meal, consisting solely21 of corn bread and bacon. Then, looking across the table at me, he said, “Young man, what are you doing down here?” I replied that I was looking at plants. “Plants? What kind of plants?” I said, “Oh, all kinds; grass, weeds, flowers, trees, mosses22, ferns,—almost everything that grows is interesting to me.”
“Well, young man,” he queried23, “you mean to say that you are not employed by the Government on some private business?” “No,” I said, “I am not employed by any one except just myself. I love all kinds of plants, and I came down here to these Southern States to get acquainted with as many of them as possible.” “You look like a strong-minded man,” he replied, “and surely you are able to do something better than wander over the country and look at weeds and blossoms. These are hard times, and real work is required of every man that is able. Picking up blossoms doesn’t seem to be a man’s work at all in any kind of times.”
To this I replied, “You are a believer in the Bible, are you not?” “Oh, yes.” “Well, you know Solomon was a strong-minded man, and he is generally believed to have been the very wisest man the world ever saw, and yet he considered it was worth while to study plants; not only to go and pick them up as I am doing, but to study them; and you know we are told that he wrote a book about plants, not only of the great cedars25 of Lebanon, but of little bits of things growing in the cracks of the walls.[2]
[2] The previously26 mentioned copy of Wood’s Botany, used by John Muir, quotes on the title page 1 Kings iv, 33: “He spake of trees, from the cedar24 of Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall.”
“Therefore, you see that Solomon differed very much more from you than from me in this matter. I’ll warrant you he had many a long ramble27 in the mountains of Judea, and had he been a Yankee he would likely have visited every weed in the land. And again, do you not remember that Christ told his disciples28 to ‘consider the lilies how they grow,’ and compared their beauty with Solomon in all his glory? Now, whose advice am I to take, yours or Christ’s? Christ says, ‘Consider the lilies.’ You say, ‘Don’t consider them. It isn’t worth while for any strong-minded man.’”
This evidently satisfied him, and he acknowledged that he had never thought of blossoms in that way before. He repeated again and again that I must be a very strong-minded man, and admitted that no doubt I was fully29 justified30 in picking up blossoms. He then told me that although the war was over, walking across the Cumberland Mountains still was far from safe on account of small bands of guerrillas who were in hiding along the roads, and earnestly entreated31 me to turn back and not to think of walking so far as the Gulf32 of Mexico until the country became quiet and orderly once more.
I replied that I had no fear, that I had but very little to lose, and that nobody was likely to think it worth while to rob me; that, anyhow, I always had good luck. In the morning he repeated the warning and entreated me to turn back, which never for a moment interfered33 with my resolution to pursue my glorious walk.
September 11. Long stretch of level sand-stone plateau, lightly furrowed34 and dimpled with shallow groove-like valleys and hills. The trees are mostly oaks, planted wide apart like those in the Wisconsin woods. A good many pine trees here and there, forty to eighty feet high, and most of the ground is covered with showy flowers. Polygalas [milkworts], solidagoes [goldenrods], and asters were especially abundant. I came to a cool clear brook35 every half mile or so, the banks planted with Osmunda regalia, Osmunda cinnamomea, and handsome sedges. The few larger streams were fringed with laurels36 and azaleas. Large areas beneath the trees are covered with formidable green briers and brambles, armed with hooked claws, and almost impenetrable. Houses are far apart and uninhabited, orchards37 and fences in ruins—sad marks of war.
About noon my road became dim and at last vanished among desolate fields. Lost and hungry, I knew my direction but could not keep it on account of the briers. My path was indeed strewn with flowers, but as thorny38, also, as mortal ever trod. In trying to force a way through these cat-plants one is not simply clawed and pricked39 through all one’s clothing, but caught and held fast. The toothed arching branches come down over and above you like cruel living arms, and the more you struggle the more desperately40 you are entangled41, and your wounds deepened and multiplied. The South has plant fly-catchers. It also has plant man-catchers.
After a great deal of defensive42 fighting and struggling I escaped to a road and a house, but failed to find food or shelter. Towards sundown, as I was walking rapidly along a straight stretch in the road, I suddenly came in sight of ten mounted men riding abreast43. They undoubtedly44 had seen me before I discovered them, for they had stopped their horses and were evidently watching me. I saw at once that it was useless to attempt to avoid them, for the ground thereabout was quite open. I knew that there was nothing for it but to face them fearlessly, without showing the slightest suspicion of foul45 play. Therefore, without halting even for a moment, I advanced rapidly with long strides as though I intended to walk through the midst of them. When I got within a rod or so I looked up in their faces and smilingly bade them “Howdy.” Stopping never an instant, I turned to one side and walked around them to get on the road again, and kept on without venturing to look back or to betray the slightest fear of being robbed.
After I had gone about one hundred or one hundred and fifty yards, I ventured a quick glance back, without stopping, and saw in this flash of an eye that all the ten had turned their horses toward me and were evidently talking about me; supposedly, with reference to what my object was, where I was going, and whether it would be worth while to rob me. They all were mounted on rather scrawny horses, and all wore long hair hanging down on their shoulders. Evidently they belonged to the most irreclaimable of the guerrilla bands who, long accustomed to plunder46, deplored47 the coming of peace. I was not followed, however, probably because the plants projecting from my plant press made them believe that I was a poor herb doctors a common occupation in these mountain regions.
About dark I discovered, a little off the road, another house, inhabited by negroes, where I succeeded in obtaining a much needed meal of string beans, buttermilk, and corn bread. At the table I was seated in a bottomless chair, and as I became sore and heavy, I sank deeper and deeper, pressing my knees against my breast, and my mouth settled to the level of my plate. But wild hunger cares for none of these things, and my curiously48 compressed position prevented the too free indulgence of boisterous49 appetite. Of course, I was compelled to sleep with the trees in the one great bedroom of the open night.
September 12. Awoke drenched50 with mountain mist, which made a grand show, as it moved away before the hot sun. Passed Montgomery, a shabby village at the head of the east slope of the Cumberland Mountains. Obtained breakfast in a clean house and began the descent of the mountains. Obtained fine views of a wide, open country, and distant flanking ridges52 and spurs. Crossed a wide cool stream [Emory River], a branch of the Clinch53 River. There is nothing more eloquent54 in Nature than a mountain stream, and this is the first I ever saw. Its banks are luxuriantly peopled with rare and lovely flowers and overarching trees, making one of Nature’s coolest and most hospitable55 places. Every tree, every flower, every ripple56 and eddy57 of this lovely stream seemed solemnly to feel the presence of the great Creator. Lingered in this sanctuary58 a long time thanking the Lord with all my heart for his goodness in allowing me to enter and enjoy it.
Discovered two ferns, Dicksonia and a small matted polypod on trees, common farther South. Also a species of magnolia with very large leaves and scarlet59 conical fruit. Near this stream I spent some joyous60 time in a grand rock-dwelling full of mosses, birds, and flowers. Most heavenly place I ever entered. The long narrow valleys of the mountainside, all well watered and nobly adorned61 with oaks, magnolias, laurels, azaleas, asters, ferns, Hypnum mosses, Madotheca [Scale-mosses], etc. Also towering clumps62 of beautiful hemlocks63. The hemlock64, judging from the common species of Canada, I regarded as the least noble of the conifers. But those of the eastern valleys of the Cumberland Mountains are as perfect in form and regal in port as the pines themselves. The latter abundant. Obtained fine glimpses from open places as I descended65 to the great valley between these mountains and the Unaka Mountains on the state line. Forded the Clinch, a beautiful clear stream, that knows many of the dearest mountain retreats that ever heard the music of running water. Reached Kingston before dark. Sent back my plant collections by express to my brother in Wisconsin.
September 13. Walked all day across small parallel valleys that flute66 the surface of the one wide valley. These flutings appear to have been formed by lateral67 pressure, are fertile, and contain some fine forms, though the seal of war is on all things. The roads never seem to proceed with any fixed68 purpose, but wander as if lost. In seeking the way to Philadelphia [in Loudon County, Tennessee], I was told by a buxom69 Tennessee “gal” that over the hills was much the nearer way, that she always went that way, and that surely I could travel it.
I started over the flint-ridges, but soon reached a set of enchanted70 little valleys among which, no matter how or in what direction I traveled, I could not get a foot nearer to Philadelphia. At last, consulting my map and compass, I neglected all directions and finally reached the house of a negro driver, with whom I put up for the night. Received a good deal of knowledge which may be of use should I ever be a negro teamster.
September 14. Philadelphia is a very filthy71 village in a beautiful situation. More or less of pine. Black oak most abundant. Polypodium hexagonopterum and Abspidium acrostichoides [Christmas Fern] most abundant of ferns and most generally distributed. Osmunda claytoniana rare, not in fruit, small. Dicksonia abundant, after leaving the Cumberland Mountains. Asplenium ebeneum [Ebony Spleenwort] quite common in Tennessee and many parts of Kentucky. Cystopteris [Bladder Fern], and Asplenium filix-f?mina not common through the same range. Pteris aquilina [Common Brake] abundant, but small.
Walked through many a leafy valley, shady grove72, and cool brooklet73. Reached Madisonville, a brisk village. Came in full view of the Unaka Mountains, a magnificent sight. Stayed over night with a pleasant young farmer.
September 15. Most glorious billowy mountain scenery. Made many a halt at open places to take breath and to admire. The road, in many places cut into the rock, goes winding74 about among the knobs and gorges75. Dense growth of asters, liatris[3], and grapevines.
[3] Wood’s Botany, edition of 1862, furnishes the following interesting comment on Liatris odoratissima (Willd.), popularly known as Vanilla76 Plant or Deer’s Tongue: “The fleshy leaves exhale77 a rich fragrance78 even for years after they are dry, and are therefore by the southern planters largely mixed with their cured tobacco, to impart its fragrance to that nauseous weed.”
Reached a house before night, and asked leave to stop. “Well, you’re welcome to stop,” said the mountaineer, “if you think you can live till morning on what I have to live on all the time.” Found the old gentleman very communicative. Was favored with long “bar” stories, deer hunts, etc., and in the morning was pressed to stay a day or two.
September 16. “I will take you,” said he, “to the highest ridge51 in the country, where you can see both ways. You will have a view of all the world on one side of the mountains and all creation on the other. Besides, you, who are traveling for curiosity and wonder, ought to see our gold mines.” I agreed to stay and went to the mines. Gold is found in small quantities throughout the Alleghanies, and many farmers work at mining a few weeks or months every year when their time is not more valuable for other pursuits. In this neighborhood miners are earning from half a dollar to two dollars a day. There are several large quartz79 mills not far from here. Common labor80 is worth ten dollars a month.
September 17. Spent the day in botanizing, blacksmithing and examining a grist mill. Grist mills, in the less settled parts of Tennessee and North Carolina, are remarkably81 simple affairs. A small stone, that a man might carry under his arm, is fastened to the vertical82 shaft83 of a little home-made, boyish-looking back-action water-wheel, which, with a hopper and a box to receive the meal, is the whole affair The walls of the mill are of undressed poles cut from seedling84 trees and there is no floor, as lumber85 is dear. No dam is built. The water is conveyed along some hillside until sufficient fall is obtained, a thing easily done in the mountains.
On Sundays you may see wild, unshorn, uncombed men coming out of the woods, each with a bag of corn on his back. From a peck to a bushel is a common grist. They go to the mill along verdant86 footpaths87, winding up and down over hill and valley, and crossing many a rhododendron glen. The flowers and shining leaves brush against their shoulders and knees, occasionally knocking off their coon-skin caps. The first arrived throws his corn into the hopper, turns on the water, and goes to the house. After chatting and smoking he returns to see if his grist is done. Should the stones run empty for an hour or two, it does no harm.
This is a fair average in equipment and capacity of a score of mills that I saw in Tennessee. This one was built by John Vohn, who claimed that he could make it grind twenty bushels a day. But since it fell into other hands it can be made to grind only ten per day. All the machines of Kentucky and Tennessee are far behind the age. There is scarce a trace of that restless spirit of speculation88 and invention so characteristic of the North. But one way of doing things obtains here, as if laws had been passed making attempts at improvement a crime. Spinning and weaving are done in every one of these mountain cabins wherever the least pretensions89 are made to thrift90 and economy. The practice of these ancient arts they deem marks of advancement91 rather than of backwardness. “There’s a place back heah,” said my worthy92 entertainer, “whar there’s a mill-house, an’ a store-house, an’ a still-house, an’ a spring-house, an’ a blacksmith shop—all in the same yard! Cows too, an’ heaps of big gals93 a-milkin’ them.”
This is the most primitive94 country I have seen, primitive in everything. The remotest hidden parts of Wisconsin are far in advance of the mountain regions of Tennessee and North Carolina. But my host speaks of the “old-fashioned unenlightened times,” like a philosopher in the best light of civilization. “I believe in Providence,” said he. “Our fathers came into these valleys, got the richest of them, and skimmed off the cream of the soil. The worn-out ground won’t yield no roastin’ ears now. But the Lord foresaw this state of affairs, and prepared something else for us. And what is it? Why, He meant us to bust95 open these copper96 mines and gold mines, so that we may have money to buy the corn that we cannot raise.” A most profound observation.
September 18. Up the mountain on the state line. The scenery is far grander than any I ever before beheld97. The view extends from the Cumberland Mountains on the north far into Georgia and North Carolina to the south, an area of about five thousand square miles. Such an ocean of wooded, waving, swelling98 mountain beauty and grandeur99 is not to be described. Countless100 forest-clad hills, side by side in rows and groups, seemed to be enjoying the rich sunshine and remaining motionless only because they were so eagerly absorbing it. All were united by curves and slopes of inimitable softness and beauty. Oh, these forest gardens of our Father! What perfection, what divinity, in their architecture! What simplicity101 and mysterious complexity102 of detail! Who shall read the teaching of these sylvan103 pages, the glad brotherhood104 of rills that sing in the valleys, and all the happy creatures that dwell in them under the tender keeping of a Father’s care?
September 19. Received another solemn warning of dangers on my way through the mountains. Was told by my worthy entertainer of a wondrous105 gap in the mountains which he advised me to see. “It is called Track Gap,” said he, “from the great number of tracks in the rocks—bird tracks, bar tracks, hoss tracks, men tracks, all in the solid rock as if it had been mud.” Bidding farewell to my worthy mountaineer and all his comfortable wonders, I pursued my way to the South.
As I was leaving, he repeated the warnings of danger ahead, saying that there were a good many people living like wild beasts on whatever they could steal, and that murders were sometimes committed for four or five dollars, and even less. While stopping with him I noticed that a man came regularly after dark to the house for his supper. He was armed with a gun, a pistol, and a long knife. My host told me that this man was at feud106 with one of his neighbors, and that they were prepared to shoot one another at sight. That neither of them could do any regular work or sleep in the same place two nights in succession. That they visited houses only for food, and as soon as the one that I saw had got his supper he went out and slept in the woods, without of course making a fire. His enemy did the same.
My entertainer told me that he was trying to make peace between these two men, because they both were good men, and if they would agree to stop their quarrel, they could then both go to work. Most of the food in this house was coffee without sugar, corn bread, and sometimes bacon. But the coffee was the greatest luxury which these people knew. The only way of obtaining it was by seizing skins, or, in particular, “sang,” that is ginseng,[4] which found a market in far-off China.
[4] Muir’s journal contains the following additional note: “M. County produces $5000 worth a year of ginseng root, valued at seventy cents a pound. Under the law it is not allowed to be gathered until the first of September.”
My path all to-day led me along the leafy banks of the Hiwassee,[5] a most impressive mountain river. Its channel is very rough, as it crosses the edges of upturned rock strata107, some of them standing108 at right angles, or glancing off obliquely109 to right and left. Thus a multitude of short, resounding110 cataracts111 are produced, and the river is restrained from the headlong speed due to its volume and the inclination112 of its bed.
[5] In his journal Muir spells the name “Hiawassee,” a form which occurs on many of the older maps. The name probably is derived113 from the Cherokee Indian “Ayuhwasi,” a name applied114 to several of their former settlements.
All the larger streams of uncultivated countries are mysteriously charming and beautiful, whether flowing in mountains or through swamps and plains. Their channels are interestingly sculptured, far more so than the grandest architectural works of man. The finest of the forests are usually found along their banks, and in the multitude of falls and rapids the wilderness115 finds a voice. Such a river is the Hiwassee, with its surface broken to a thousand sparkling gems116, and its forest walls vine-draped and flowery as Eden. And how fine the songs it sings!
In Murphy [North Carolina] I was hailed by the sheriff who could not determine by my colors and rigging to what country or craft I belonged. Since the war, every other stranger in these lonely parts is supposed to be a criminal, and all are objects of curiosity or apprehensive117 concern. After a few minutes’ conversation with this chief man of Murphy I was pronounced harmless, and invited to his house, where for the first time since leaving home I found a house decked with flowers and vines, clean within and without, and stamped with the comforts of culture and refinement118 in all its arrangements. Striking contrast to the uncouth119 transitionist establishments from the wigwams of savages120 to the clumsy but clean log castle of the thrifty121 pioneer.
September 20. All day among the groves122 and gorges of Murphy with Mr. Beale. Was shown the site of Camp Butler where General Scott had his headquarters when he removed the Cherokee Indians to a new home in the West. Found a number of rare and strange plants on the rocky banks of the river Hiwassee. In the afternoon, from the summit of a commanding ridge, I obtained a magnificent view of blue, softly curved mountain scenery. Among the trees I saw Ilex [Holly] for the first time. Mr. Beale informed me that the paleness of most of the women in his neighborhood, and the mountains in general hereabouts, was caused chiefly by smoking and by what is called “dipping.” I had never even heard of dipping. The term simply describes the application of snuff to the gum by means of a small swab.
September 21. Most luxuriant forest. Many brooks123 running across the road. Blairsville [Georgia], which I passed in the forenoon, seems a shapeless and insignificant124 village, but grandly encircled with banded hills. At night I was cordially received by a farmer whose wife, though smart and neat in her appearance, was an inveterate125 smoker126.
September 22. Hills becoming small, sparsely127 covered with soil. They are called “knob land” and are cultivated, or scratched, with a kind of one-tooth cultivator. Every rain robs them of their fertility, while the bottoms are of course correspondingly enriched. About noon I reached the last mountain summit on my way to the sea. It is called the Blue Ridge and before it lies a prospect128 very different from any I had passed, namely, a vast uniform expanse of dark pine woods, extending to the sea; an impressive view at any time and under any circumstances, but particularly so to one emerging from the mountains.
Traveled in the wake of three poor but merry mountaineers—an old woman, a young woman, and a young man—who sat, leaned, and lay in the box of a shackly wagon129 that seemed to be held together by spiritualism, and was kept in agitation130 by a very large and a very small mule131. In going down hill the looseness of the harness and the joints132 of the wagon allowed the mules133 to back nearly out of sight beneath the box, and the three who occupied it were slid against the front boards in a heap over the mules’ ears. Before they could unravel134 their limbs from this unmannerly and impolite disorder135, a new ridge in the road frequently tilted136 them with a swish and a bump against the back boards in a mixing that was still more grotesque137.
I expected to see man, women, and mules mingled138 in piebald ruin at the bottom of some rocky hollow, but they seemed to have full confidence in the back board and front board of the wagon-box. So they continued to slide comfortably up and down, from end to end, in slippery obedience139 to the law of gravitation, as the grades demanded. Where the jolting140 was moderate, they engaged in conversation on love, marriage, and camp-meeting, according to the custom of the country. The old lady, through all the vicissitudes141 of the transportation, held a bouquet142 of French marigolds.
The hillsides hereabouts were bearing a fine harvest of asters. Reached Mount Yonah in the evening. Had a long conversation with an old Methodist slaveholder and mine owner. Was hospitably143 refreshed with a drink of fine cider.
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coaxed
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| v.哄，用好话劝说( coax的过去式和过去分词 )；巧言骗取；哄劝，劝诱 | |
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trotting
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| 小跑，急走( trot的现在分词 )； 匆匆忙忙地走 | |
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rummaging
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| 翻找，搜寻( rummage的现在分词 )； 海关检查 | |
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testament
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| n.遗嘱；证明 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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dense
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fragrant
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| adj.芬香的，馥郁的，愉快的 | |
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flora
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tormenting
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benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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tingling
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prostrate
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enjoyments
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| 愉快( enjoyment的名词复数 )； 令人愉快的事物； 享有； 享受 | |
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dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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lodging
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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nourishment
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| n.食物，营养品；营养情况 | |
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19
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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20
frugal
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| adj.节俭的，节约的，少量的，微量的 | |
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21
solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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22
mosses
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| n. 藓类, 苔藓植物 名词moss的复数形式 | |
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23
queried
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| v.质疑，对…表示疑问( query的过去式和过去分词 )；询问 | |
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24
cedar
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| n.雪松，香柏(木) | |
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25
cedars
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| 雪松，西洋杉( cedar的名词复数 ) | |
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26
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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27
ramble
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| v.漫步，漫谈，漫游；n.漫步，闲谈，蔓延 | |
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28
disciples
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| n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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29
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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30
justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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31
entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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32
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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33
interfered
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| v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉 | |
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34
furrowed
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| v.犁田，开沟( furrow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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35
brook
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| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
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36
laurels
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| n.桂冠，荣誉 | |
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37
orchards
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| （通常指围起来的）果园( orchard的名词复数 ) | |
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38
thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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39
pricked
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| 刺，扎，戳( prick的过去式和过去分词 )； 刺伤； 刺痛； 使剧痛 | |
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40
desperately
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| adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地 | |
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41
entangled
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| adj.卷入的；陷入的；被缠住的；缠在一起的v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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42
defensive
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| adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的 | |
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43
abreast
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| adv.并排地；跟上(时代)的步伐，与…并进地 | |
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44
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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45
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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46
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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47
deplored
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| v.悲叹，痛惜，强烈反对( deplore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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48
curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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49
boisterous
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| adj.喧闹的，欢闹的 | |
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50
drenched
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| adj.湿透的；充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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51
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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52
ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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53
clinch
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| v.敲弯，钉牢；确定；扭住对方 [参]clench | |
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54
eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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55
hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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56
ripple
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| n.涟波，涟漪，波纹，粗钢梳；vt.使...起涟漪，使起波纹； vi.呈波浪状，起伏前进 | |
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57
eddy
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| n.漩涡，涡流 | |
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58
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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59
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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60
joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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61
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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62
clumps
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| n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声 | |
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63
hemlocks
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| 由毒芹提取的毒药( hemlock的名词复数 ) | |
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64
hemlock
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| n.毒胡萝卜，铁杉 | |
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65
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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66
flute
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| n.长笛；v.吹笛 | |
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67
lateral
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| adj.侧面的，旁边的 | |
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68
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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69
buxom
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| adj.（妇女）丰满的，有健康美的 | |
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70
enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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71
filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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72
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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73
brooklet
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| n. 细流, 小河 | |
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74
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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75
gorges
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| n.山峡，峡谷( gorge的名词复数 )；咽喉v.（用食物把自己）塞饱，填饱( gorge的第三人称单数 )；作呕 | |
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76
vanilla
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| n.香子兰，香草 | |
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77
exhale
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| v.呼气，散出，吐出，蒸发 | |
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78
fragrance
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| n.芬芳，香味，香气 | |
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79
quartz
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| n.石英 | |
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80
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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81
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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82
vertical
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| adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置 | |
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83
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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84
seedling
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| n.秧苗，树苗 | |
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85
lumber
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| n.木材，木料；v.以破旧东西堆满；伐木；笨重移动 | |
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86
verdant
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| adj.翠绿的，青翠的，生疏的，不老练的 | |
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87
footpaths
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| 人行小径，人行道( footpath的名词复数 ) | |
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88
speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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89
pretensions
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| 自称( pretension的名词复数 )； 自命不凡； 要求； 权力 | |
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90
thrift
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| adj.节约，节俭；n.节俭，节约 | |
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91
advancement
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| n.前进，促进，提升 | |
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92
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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93
gals
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| abbr.gallons （复数）加仑（液量单位）n.女孩，少女( gal的名词复数 ) | |
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94
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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95
bust
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| vt.打破；vi.爆裂；n.半身像；胸部 | |
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96
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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97
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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98
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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99
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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100
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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101
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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102
complexity
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| n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物 | |
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103
sylvan
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| adj.森林的 | |
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104
brotherhood
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| n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊 | |
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105
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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106
feud
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| n.长期不和；世仇；v.长期争斗；世代结仇 | |
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107
strata
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| n.地层（复数）；社会阶层 | |
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108
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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109
obliquely
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| adv.斜； 倾斜； 间接； 不光明正大 | |
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110
resounding
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| adj. 响亮的 | |
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111
cataracts
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| n.大瀑布( cataract的名词复数 )；白内障 | |
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112
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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113
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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114
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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115
wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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116
gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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117
apprehensive
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| adj.担心的，恐惧的，善于领会的 | |
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118
refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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119
uncouth
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| adj.无教养的，粗鲁的 | |
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120
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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121
thrifty
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| adj.节俭的；兴旺的；健壮的 | |
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122
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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123
brooks
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| n.小溪( brook的名词复数 ) | |
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124
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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125
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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126
smoker
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| n.吸烟者，吸烟车厢，吸烟室 | |
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127
sparsely
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| adv.稀疏地；稀少地；不足地；贫乏地 | |
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128
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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129
wagon
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| n.四轮马车，手推车，面包车；无盖运货列车 | |
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130
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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131
mule
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| n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人 | |
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132
joints
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| 接头( joint的名词复数 )； 关节； 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所） （非正式）； 一块烤肉 （英式英语） | |
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133
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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134
unravel
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| v.弄清楚（秘密）；拆开，解开，松开 | |
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135
disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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136
tilted
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| v. 倾斜的 | |
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137
grotesque
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| adj.怪诞的，丑陋的；n.怪诞的图案，怪人（物） | |
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138
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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139
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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140
jolting
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| adj.令人震惊的 | |
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141
vicissitudes
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| n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废 | |
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142
bouquet
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| n.花束，酒香 | |
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143
hospitably
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| 亲切地，招待周到地，善于款待地 | |
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