(WINTER OF 1913)
WHILE the illness of Alexis Nicola?evitch threw such a gloom over the Imperial family, and the influence of Rasputin, a product of their very distress1, continued to grow, life at Tsarsko?e-Selo seemed to flow along as smoothly2 as ever, at any rate to outward appearance.
At that time I still knew very little about the staretz, and I was searching everywhere for material on which to base my judgment3, for his personality interested me decidedly. But it was anything but easy. The children never mentioned Rasputin’s name, and in my presence even avoided the slightest allusion4 to his existence. I realised that in so doing they were acting5 on their mother’s instructions. The Czarina no doubt feared that as a foreigner and not orthodox I was incapable7 of understanding the nature of the feelings of herself and her family towards the staretz, feelings which made them revere8 him as a saint. By imposing9 this duty of silence on my pupils she allowed me to ignore Rasputin, or conveyed to me her desire that I should behave as if I knew nothing about him. She thus deprived me of any chance of taking sides against a man whose very name I realised I did not know.
From another source I had been able to convince myself{82} that Rasputin played a very insignificant10 part in the life of the Czarevitch. On several occasions Dr. Derevenko told me the amusing remarks Alexis Nicola?evitch had made about Rasputin in his presence. The latter tickled11 his young imagination and piqued12 his curiosity, but had no influence whatever with him.
As a result of Mlle. Tioutcheva’s protest, Rasputin no longer went up to the Grand-Duchesses’ floor, and he visited the Czarevitch but seldom.
No doubt the authorities were afraid I might meet him, for the rooms I occupied were adjoining those of my pupil. As I had required his personal attendant to keep me informed of the smallest details of his life, Rasputin could not have seen him without my knowledge.[16]
The children saw Rasputin when he was with their parents, but even at that time his visits were infrequent. Weeks, and sometimes months, passed without his being summoned to Court. It became more and more usual to see him with Madame Wyroubova, who had a little house quite near to the Alexander Palace. The Czar and his heir hardly ever went there, and meetings were always very rare.
As I have already explained, Madame Wyroubova was the intermediary between the Czarina and Rasputin. It was she who sent on to the staretz letters addressed to him and brought his replies—usually verbal—to the palace.
Relations between Her Majesty13 and Madame Wyroubova were very intimate, and hardly a day passed without her visiting her Imperial mistress. The friendship had lasted many years. Madame Wyroubova had married very young. Her{83} husband was a degenerate14 and an inveterate15 drunkard, and succeeded in inspiring his young wife with a deep hatred16 of him. They separated, and Madame Wyroubova endeavoured to find relief and consolation17 in religion. Her misfortunes were a link with the Czarina, who had suffered so much herself, and yearned18 to comfort her. The young woman who had had to go through so much won her pity. She became the Czarina’s confidante, and the kindness the Czarina showed her made her her lifelong slave.
Madame Wyroubova’s temperament19 was sentimental20 and mystical, and her boundless21 affection for the Czarina was a positive danger, because it was uncritical and divorced from all sense of reality.
The Czarina could not resist so fiery22 and sincere a devotion. Imperious as she was, she wanted her friends to be hers, and hers alone. She only entertained friendships in which she was quite sure of being the dominating partner. Her confidence had to be rewarded by complete self-abandonment. She did not realise that it was rather unwise to encourage demonstrations23 of that fanatical loyalty24.
Madame Wyroubova had the mind of a child, and her unhappy experiences had sharpened her sensibilities without maturing her judgment. Lacking in intellect and discrimination, she was the prey25 of her impulses. Her opinions on men and affairs were unconsidered but none the less sweeping26. A single impression was enough to convince her limited and puerile27 understanding. She at once classified people, according to the impression they made upon her, as “good” or “bad,”—in other words, “friends” or “enemies.”
It was with no eye to personal advantage, but out of a pure affection for the Imperial family and her desire to help them,{84} that Madame Wyroubova tried to keep the Czarina posted as to what was going on, to make her share her likes and dislikes, and through her to influence the course of affairs at Court. But in reality she was the docile28 and unconscious, but none the less mischievous29, tool of a group of unscrupulous individuals who used her in their intrigues30. She was incapable either of a political policy or considered aims, and could not even guess what was the game of those who used her in their own interests. Without any strength of will, she was absolutely under the influence of Rasputin and had become his most fervent31 adherent32 at Court.[17]
I had not seen the staretz since I had been at the palace, when one day I met him in the anteroom as I was preparing to go out. I had time to look well at him as he was taking off his cloak. He was very tall, his face was emaciated33, and he had piercing grey-blue eyes under thick bushy eyebrows34. His hair was long, and he had a long beard like a peasant. He was wearing a Russian smock of blue silk drawn35 in at the waist, baggy36 black trousers, and high boots.
This was our one and only meeting, but it left me with a very uncomfortable feeling. During the few moments in which our looks met I had a distinct impression that I was in the presence of a sinister37 and evil being.
The months slipped by, however, and I had the pleasure of observing the progress made by my pupil. He had grown fond of me and was trying to respond to the trust I showed in{85} him. I still had a hard struggle against his laziness, but the feeling that the amount of liberty permitted him depended entirely38 upon the use he made of it fired his zeal39 and strengthened his will.
It was fortunate that the winter had been a good one, and there had been no other serious relapse after that at Livadia.
Of course I knew quite well that this was only an interlude, but I noticed that Alexis Nicola?evitch was making a real effort to control his impulsive40 and turbulent nature, which had unfortunately caused serious accidents, and I began to wonder whether I should not find his illness, however terrible in other ways, an ally which would gradually compel the boy to become his own master and might refine his character.
It was all a great comfort to me, but I cherished no illusions as to the difficulties of my task. I had never realised so well before how his environment fought against my efforts. I had to struggle against the servile flattery of the servants and the silly adulations of some of the people around him. It always surprised me greatly that Alexis Nicola?evitch’s simple nature had hitherto to a large extent resisted the attraction of the extravagant41 praise he received.
I remember one occasion when a deputation of peasants from one of the Governments of Central Russia came to bring presents to the Czarevitch. The three men of which it was composed, on an order given by Derevenko in a low voice, dropped on their knees before Alexis Nicola?evitch to offer him what they had brought. I noticed that the boy was embarrassed and blushed violently, and when we were alone I asked him whether he liked seeing people on their knees before him.
“Oh no, but Derevenko says it must be so!{86}”
“That’s absurd!” I replied. “Even the Czar doesn’t like people to kneel before him. Why don’t you stop Derevenko insisting on it?”
“I don’t know. I dare not.”
I took the matter up with Derevenko, and the boy was delighted to be freed from this irksome formality.
But a more serious element was his isolation42 and the circumstances under which his education was carried on. I realised that these were almost inevitable43, and that the education of a prince tends to make him an incomplete being who finds himself outside life if only because he has not been subject to the common lot in his youth. Such teaching as he receives can only be artificial, tendencious, and dogmatic. It often has the absolute and uncompromising character of a catechism.
There are several reasons: the restricted choice of teachers, the fact that their liberty of expression is limited by the conventions of their official life and their regard for the exalted44 position of their pupil, and, finally, that they have to get through a vast programme in a very few years. It inevitably45 means that they have to resort to mere46 formul?. They proceed by assertion, and think less of rousing the spirit of enquiry and analysis and stimulating47 the faculty48 of comparison in their pupils than of avoiding everything which might awaken49 an untimely curiosity and a taste for unofficial lines of study.
Further, a child brought up in such conditions is deprived of something which plays a vital part in the formation of judgment. He is deprived of the knowledge which is acquired out of the schoolroom, knowledge such as comes from life itself, unhampered contact with other children, the diverse and sometimes conflicting influences of environment, direct observation and simple experience of men and affairs—in a{87} word, everything which in the course of years develops the critical faculty and a sense of reality.
Under such circumstances an individual must be endowed with exceptional gifts to be able to see things as they are, think clearly, and desire the right things.
He is cut off from life. He cannot imagine what is going on behind the wall on which false pictures are painted for his amusement or distraction50.
All this made me very anxious, but I knew that it would not fall to my lot to remedy this serious state of affairs, so far as it could be remedied. There was a custom in the Russian Imperial family that when the Heir had reached the age of eleven he should be given a vospitatiet (educator), whose office was to direct the training and education of the young prince. The vospitatiet was usually a soldier, as the military career seemed the best qualification for this heavy and responsible duty. The post was usually given to a general, an ex-director of some military school. It was a highly coveted51 post in view of the powers and privileges it conferred, and particularly because of the influence the holder52 might get over the Heir, an influence which often continued during the early years of his reign6.
The selection of the vospitatiet was thus a vital matter. The direction which Alexis Nicola?evitch’s education would take depended upon him, and I awaited his appointment with considerable anxiety.
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1
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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2
smoothly
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| adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地 | |
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3
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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4
allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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5
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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6
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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7
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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8
revere
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| vt.尊崇，崇敬，敬畏 | |
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9
imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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10
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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11
tickled
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| （使）发痒( tickle的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）愉快，逗乐 | |
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12
piqued
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| v.伤害…的自尊心( pique的过去式和过去分词 )；激起（好奇心） | |
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13
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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14
degenerate
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| v.退步，堕落；adj.退步的，堕落的；n.堕落者 | |
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15
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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18
yearned
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| 渴望，切盼，向往( yearn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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19
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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20
sentimental
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| adj.多愁善感的，感伤的 | |
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21
boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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22
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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23
demonstrations
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| 证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威 | |
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24
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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25
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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26
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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puerile
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| adj.幼稚的，儿童的 | |
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28
docile
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| adj.驯服的，易控制的，容易教的 | |
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mischievous
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| adj.调皮的，恶作剧的，有害的，伤人的 | |
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30
intrigues
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| n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 )；神秘气氛；引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 )；激起…的好奇心 | |
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31
fervent
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| adj.热的，热烈的，热情的 | |
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32
adherent
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| n.信徒，追随者，拥护者 | |
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33
emaciated
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| adj.衰弱的，消瘦的 | |
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34
eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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35
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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36
baggy
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| adj.膨胀如袋的，宽松下垂的 | |
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sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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38
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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39
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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40
impulsive
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| adj.冲动的，刺激的；有推动力的 | |
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41
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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42
isolation
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| n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离 | |
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43
inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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44
exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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45
inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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46
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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47
stimulating
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| adj.有启发性的，能激发人思考的 | |
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48
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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49
awaken
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| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
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50
distraction
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| n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐 | |
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51
coveted
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| adj.令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的v.贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词)；垂涎；贪图 | |
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52
holder
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| n.持有者，占有者；(台，架等)支持物 | |
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