But more was destined1 to burgeon2 into blossom than the flowers of spring. Allan Dunlop's fame as a politician had grown concurrently3 with the growth of his love. In the Legislature he had won for himself a prominent position, and was known as a sagacious counsellor, a persuasive4 speaker, a ready and effective debater, and a good steady worker on Committees. No name carried more weight in Parliament than his, and his influence in the country was as marked as was his influence in the House. This was as readily conceded by his political opponents as it was claimed by his friends. He had, moreover, a prepossessing manner, a comely5 presence, and a countenance6 which, when animated7, was not wanting in expression or fire. He was, withal, the most modest and lovable of men; and had he not sat on the Opposition8 benches he would have been courted by the Tory supporters of the Government and been fawned9 upon by the leading members of "The Family Compact."
Allan Dunlop had, however, entered the House as a radical10, but of a moderate type; and though he dealt the Executive many trenchant11 blows, and did yeoman service in advancing the cause of Reform, he was too loyal a man to rank with the "heated enthusiasts12" who were threatening to overturn the Constitution and make a republic out of the colony, and too judicious13 and right-minded to affirm that the Administration of the Province was wholly evil and corrupt14. On the contrary, while he insisted that the Executive should pay more deference15 to the voice of the Parliamentary majority, and so avoid the ever-cropping-up conflicts between the Administration and the popular Chamber16, he recognized the fact that the evils complained of had their origin in defects in the Act which gave the Province its Constitution; and being engrained in the paternal17 system of government that had long been in vogue18 could not possibly be at once and satisfactorily remedied.
It was true that in none of the other Provinces was power so firmly centralized in the hands of a dominant19 and exclusive class, as was the case in Upper Canada. But this state of things, Allan Dunlop conceded, was a legacy20 from the period of military rule which followed the Conquest, and the natural consequence of appointing members to seats in the Executive and Legislative21 Councils for life. Dunlop was also well aware that the social condition of the Province, at that early period, tended to centre power and authority of necessity in the hands of a few leading men. All the public offices were in their gift; and the entire public domain22, including the Crown and Clergy23 Land reserves, was also in their hands. Hence it was that through the patronage24 at their disposal the "Family Compact" were enabled to fill the Lower House with their supporters and adherents25, and, in large measure, to shape the Provincial26 Legislation, so as to maintain their hold of office and perpetuate27 a monopoly of power. That the ruling oligarchy28 used their positions autocratically, and kept a heavy hand upon the turbulent and disaffected29, was true; but their respect for British institutions, and their staunch loyalty30 to the Crown, at a time when republican sentiments were dangerously prevalent, were virtues31 which might well offset32 innumerable misdeeds, and square the account in any unprejudiced arraignment33.
But though Allan Dunlop possessed34 a mind eminently35 fair and judicial36, and, Reformer as he was, could dispassionately discuss the "burning questions" of the time, there were abuses connected with the mode of governing which he stoutly37 strove to remedy, and injustice38 done to loyal settlers in the iniquitous39 land system that prevailed which roused his indignation and called forth40 many a bitter phillipic in the House. These trenchant attacks of the young land-surveyor were greatly feared by the Executive, and were the cause of much trepidation41 and uneasiness in the Legislative Council.
For a time Commodore Macleod, who had now returned to his accustomed duties in the Upper House, took pleasure in replying to Dunlop's attacks in the Lower Chamber; but the young Parliamentarian, though he treated his opponent with courtly deference, had so effective a way of demolishing42 the Commodore's arguments and of genially43 turning the shafts44 of his invective45 upon his adversary46, that he soon abandoned the attempt to break a lance with his young and able antagonist47. Dunlop's temper was habitually48 sweet and always under command, and this gave him a great advantage over his sometimes irascible opponents. His manner, however, was at times fiery--especially when exposing cases of hardship and injustice, when his arraignment of the Executive was vehement50 and uncompromising. But the "Family Compact" was at the period too firmly entrenched51 and buttressed52 about by patronage for Allan Dunlop to effect much reform in the system of government, though his assaults were keenly felt in the Upper House, and they made a powerful impression in the country, which heartily53 endorsed54 the young land-surveyor's strenuous55 appeals for the redress56 of long-existing abuses, and the concession57 of Responsible Government.
"What a noble fellow that young Dunlop is!" said Lady Sarah Maitland to her escort in the House, as the youthful tribune closed an impassioned appeal on behalf of settlers from the United States, who had been subjected to great hardships and outrage58 by the tools of the Government.
"A pestilent rascal59!" was the testy60 rejoinder of the old Commodore, who, with his daughter Rose, had accompanied her Ladyship on the day in question to the House of Assembly.
"Nay61! you shall not say that of him, Commodore, for I mean to invite him to accompany us to Stamford Cottage at the close of the Session, if he will give me that pleasure," said Lady Sarah, warmly.
"Sir Peregrine will have something to say to that, Madame," was the Commodore's blunt reply, "and Mr. Attorney-General, here," he added, "ought to arrest you for wishing to consort62 with seditious agitators63 and evil-disposed persons."
"I think I ought to take you both into custody," interposed Attorney-General Robinson, "for spoiling with your quarrel the effect of young Dunlop's speech. It was admirable, both in tone and matter, and I shall at once look into the grievances64 he complained of. Don't you think, Miss Macleod, that your father is unreasonably65 prejudiced against the member for your section of the Home District?"
"I think him everything harsh and unpaternal when politics is the subject of conversation," replied that young lady guardedly.
"Ah! politics is an unclean game," observed the courtly leader of the House; "but it would be vastly sweeter and cleaner were all our politicians of the type of Dunlop. I think him a grand fellow--but, I agree with you, Commodore, that he should be on the other side."
"Or we should be on his side, Mr. Attorney-General," said Lady Sarah, with a meaning glance at Rose Macleod.
At this juncture66, the Attorney-General, having to address the House, took leave of the ladies, and the Government House party rose and left the Chamber.
Later in the day, the Attorney-General took occasion to refer to Dunlop's speech, and to commend its temperate67 and courteous68 tone, though the matter his young friend brought to the notice of the Government, said the Attorney-General, if true, severely69 reflected on the management of one of the Departments, which, the speaker added, he would take care at once to inquire into.
Other matters occupied the attention of the House for the remainder of the afternoon, and when the Speaker rose to retire a buzz of conversation ensued on the stirring topics to be brought up at the evening's sitting. Two of these topics related to matters which, at the period, convulsed the community, and threatened to overthrow70 the fabric71 of society in the colony, if not the Constitution itself. One was the case of Captain Matthews, a member of the Assembly, who was charged with disturbing the tranquillity72 of the Province by requesting the orchestra, at the theatre of York, to play sundry73 seditious tunes75 at the close of an entertainment, and thus inferentially to pay disrespect to His Majesty's crown and person. The other was the escapade of a number of young people in York, of respectable standing76, who had committed a gross breach77 of the peace in breaking into and ransacking78 the printing-office of Wm. Lyon Mackenzie, smashing the presses of that martyr79 to Reform, and throwing into the lake the type which had been used in setting up some pungent80 articles against the Government.
"Behold81 how great a matter a little fire kindleth!" the moralizing bystander of the period might have observed, as he took note of the electrical condition of the political atmosphere of York, and, indeed, of the whole Province--the result of the indiscretion of one man, and the partisan82 frolic of half a dozen lads, who had inherited, with the bluest of Tory blood, the prejudices of their fathers. The wrecking83 of the Mackenzie printing-office was, of course, a serious conspiracy84 against the peace of a youthful and law-abiding community. But it will occur to the modern reader of the transaction, that the act was scarcely so heinous85 as to bring it before the country's legislature, and become the subject of a grave Parliamentary inquiry86.
The act has to be viewed, however, in the light of preceding events, and with a knowledge of facts in the thrilling drama of Reform, at the time being enacted87 on the political stage of Upper Canada. Society in the Province was long wont88 to poise89 itself between two opinions, as to the degree of justification90 for the course which Reform took at the time of the Gourlay agitation91, and which, in Mackenzie's day, culminated92 in rebellion. The issues of the conflict have, however, settled that point; and though Tory bias93 loves still to stand by the "Family Compact," the popular sympathies are with the actors who were whilom outlawed94, and on whose heads the Crown did them the honour, for a time, to set a high value.
Chief among these actors, at the time of which we are writing, was he whose printing-presses had just been ruthlessly demolished95, and whose fonts of type youthful Torydom had gleefully consigned96 to the deep. The provocation97 had been a long series of intemperate98 newspaper criticism of the Government, numerous inflammatory appeals to the people to rise against constituted authority, and much scurrilous99 abuse of leading members of the "Family Compact," who wished, as a safeguard against revolution and chaos100, to crush the "patriot101" Mackenzie, and drive him from the Province. But though thorny102 as was then the path of Reform, and galling103 the insult and injury done to its martyrs104, Mackenzie did not shrink from pursuing the course he had cut out for himself; and his intense hatred105 of injustice, and sturdy defiance106 of those whom he held responsible for the maladministration of affairs, gained him many adherents and sympathizers. The outrage that had just been committed on his property vastly increased the number of the latter, while popular indignation compelled the Government to disown the act, and to make it, as we have seen, the subject of Parliamentary inquiry. From the Parliament the matter went to the Courts, and there the scapegraces, who had been concerned in the outrage, were mulcted in a large amount, which their parents, high government officials, had ruefully to pay over to the aggrieved107 printer and incipient108 rebel. Thus ended one act in the drama of these distraught times. How shall we keep our countenance and deal with the other?
Let us first tell the story, as we gather it, in the main, from the Journals of the House. For some time previous to the meeting of the Legislature, in 1826, partisans109 of the Administration had got in the habit of noting defections from the loyal side among men of substance and position in the colony, and particularly among members of the representative Chamber, where the cry for Responsible Government was waxing loud, and where sullen110 protests were almost daily heard against the system of official patronage and favouritism that prevailed in the government of the Province. The Administration being now in the minority in the popular Chamber, and "the long shadows of Canadian Radicalism111" having begun to settle upon the troubled "Family Compact," it became important to note the increasing defections, real or fancied, in the Legislative Assembly, so that, if possible, the "bolters" might be coaxed112 or bribed113 back, or, failing that, that they might, in some way, be jockeyed out of the House and made to suffer for their defection. Among those who had recently taken the bit in their teeth was a Captain Matthews, a retired114 officer, in receipt of a pension, who represented the county of Middlesex, and had of late gone over to Democracy. For this act he was "put upon the list," and became a marked man on the mental tablets of the myrmidons of the Executive.
About this time there came to York a company of strolling actors from the neighbouring Republic, whose fortunes were at a low ebb115, and whose dignity had very much run down at the heels. To revive their fortunes, they gave an entertainment in the extemporized116 theatre of the town, under the kindly117 proffered118 patronage of the members of the Legislature. It was New Year's Eve, and the fun--the age was still a bibulous119 one--waxed fast and furious. At last the curtain dropped, and the modest orchestra struck up "God save the king!" Hats were at once doffed120, and from among the standing audience came a loud but unsteady voice, calling upon the orchestra to "play up" Hail Columbia! or Yankee Doodle.
The sober section of the play-house was stunned121. Was it possible that Democracy could go to such lengths--within sight of the "royal arms," over the Lieutenant-Governor's box, and with the decaying notes of the national anthem122 in Tory ears?
It was but too true. Again and again rose the shout for the seditious tunes. Abashed123 loyalty sought to escape from the house, but the crowd jostled and intervened. The scene now became uproarious. Affrighted Conservatives were seen to jam their hats on their heads--the only mark of disapproval124 possible--and glare defiance at those who impeded125 the exit. The Tory member for Stormonth--it was afterwards admitted in evidence--stripped his coat and threatened to knock any two of the opposing Radicals126 down. Meanwhile the orchestra, unable to accomplish the higher flight of "Hail Columbia!" struck up the commoner and more objectionable tune74; and three grave legislators, it is said, danced while "Yankee Doodle" was played. The Democratic orgie at last spent itself with the music, and after a while all breathed the outer, communistic air of heaven.
After the racket comes the reckoning; and Captain Matthews, whose share in inducing the play-house fiddlers to discourse127 republican music to monarchical128 ears was reported with due exaggerations and aspersions on his loyalty, to the military authorities, speedily found himself the victim of an infamous129 plot. Distorted accounts of the scene at the theatre had been sent to the Commander of the Forces, at Quebec; and the member for Middlesex was specially49 singled out as the seditious rioter on the occasion, and the leader in what was termed "a disloyal and disgraceful affair." Presently there came an order for Capt. Matthews to report himself to the military authorities at Quebec, and at that port to take ship for England, where he was to be tried by court-martial. To enable him to obey the summons it was first necessary to obtain leave of absence from the Legislature; and the motion that was to come up in the Assembly that evening, was, whether the House, on the evidence before it, would agree to release the incriminated officer from his Parliamentary duties so as to face the frivolous130 charge at the "Horse-Guards" in London.
The discussion opened by the presentation to the House of the report of the Committee of Inquiry that had sat upon the matter--a report which exonerated131 Captain Matthews from the charge preferred against him, and relieved him from the scandalous accusation132 of disloyalty. The report closed with a protest against the tendency, on the part of the Government, to resort to espionage133 and inquisitorial measures, in endeavouring to rid the Province of those obnoxious134 to the ruling faction135, and in attempting to undermine the independence of the Legislature by scandalizing its members and awing136 them into political subserviency137. The conviction was reiterated138 that there was no ground for the charge against Captain Matthews, the malignity139 and falsity of which was due to political hostility140 to that gentleman.
A lively debate ensued on the motion to receive the report, members of the Government fiercely objecting to its reception by the House, and the Opposition as warmly insisting on its acceptance. The temper of the Government was not improved when young Dunlop rose, and, in a few quiet and well-chosen words, asserted the right of Parliament to protect its members from officious military arraignment on frivolous and vexatious pretexts141. It was the duty of the Government, remarked the young tribune, to calm, not to augment142, the fever of popular excitement by acts of an arbitrary and autocratic character,--such as instigating143 ridiculous prosecutions144, and casting doubt on the loyalty of men who had long and faithfully served the Crown, and whose only fault was to set their country above their party.
That the existence of Upper Canada as a colony of the Crown--Dunlop continued--was imperiled by paying some exigent actors from the other side of the line the compliment of calling for a national air dear to republican hearts and ears, he did not for a moment believe. He was, at the same time, he affirmed, keenly sensitive to the beguiling145 effects of enlivening music, and--falling into a lighter146 vein--he confessed that he did not know what might be the consequence if the members of the Government organized themselves into a well-trained minstrel troupe147 and entered the neighbouring Republic singing the pathetic airs of the Old Dominion148, artfully interspersed149 with the soul-stirring strains of the "British Grenadiers" and "Rule Britannia." He thought, moreover, that if the grave and reverend seigniors of the "Family Compact" would blacken their faces as they had blackened their hearts, and "star" it through the lowly hamlets of the Province, singing, say, the Jacobite airs of a previous generation, it would do more to cement the attachment150 of Canada to the Crown than all the efforts of the combined army of officials, placemen, and henchmen of the Government plus the Judges, the Sheriffs, the Recorder, the Incumbents151 of fat Clergy Reserves, the Gauge's, Tollmen, Hangmen, Customs Officers, Turnkeys, and Landing-Waiters.
Seriously, Allan Dunlop added,--and he had no apology to make for indulging in levity152 in discussing this frivolous matter--it was beneath the dignity of the House to occupy itself with the further consideration of the charges against the honourable153 member for Middlesex. These charges were so trivial and ill-founded, and they originated in such a trumpery154 fear lest the Crown should suffer indignity155 where indignity was in no wise offered to it, that he begged the House to dismiss the matter forthwith and refuse Captain Matthews leave to absent himself from his Parliamentary duties. After a scattering156 fusilade of small talk from both sides of the House, the report of the Committee was received, leave was refused, and the disturbing question was laid at rest.
Those who have followed, it may be with interest, this veracious157 piece of history, and are curious to learn the fate of the honourable member for Middlesex, will find the story graphically158 told in Mr. Dent's "Canadian Rebellion," Vol. I., chap. 6. The authors take the liberty of appending Mr. Dent's closing paragraph: "But though Captain Matthews," says the historian, "had been cleared by the Legislature, he had still to run the gauntlet of the military inquisition. They could not compel his attendance during the existence of the Parliament then in being, but they possessed an effectual means of reducing him to ultimate submission159. This power they exercised; his pension was stopped--a very serious matter to a man with a large family and many responsibilities. He continued to fight the battles of Reform with dogged courage and pertinacity160 as long as his means admitted of his doing so, but he was soon reduced to a condition of great pecuniary161 distress162, and was compelled to succumb163. Broken-hearted and worn out, he resigned his seat in the Assembly, and returned to England, where, after grievous delay, he succeeded in getting his pension restored. He never returned to Canada, and survived the restoration of his pension but a short time. Thus, through the malignity of a selfish and secret cabal164, was Upper Canada deprived of the services of a zealous165 and useful citizen and legislator, whose residence among us, had it been continued, could not have failed to advance the cause of freedom and justice."
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1
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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burgeon
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| v.萌芽，发芽；迅速发展 | |
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concurrently
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| adv.同时地 | |
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persuasive
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| adj.有说服力的，能说得使人相信的 | |
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comely
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| adj.漂亮的，合宜的 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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fawned
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| v.（尤指狗等）跳过来往人身上蹭以示亲热( fawn的过去式和过去分词 )；巴结；讨好 | |
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radical
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| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
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trenchant
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| adj.尖刻的，清晰的 | |
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enthusiasts
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| n.热心人，热衷者( enthusiast的名词复数 ) | |
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judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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corrupt
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| v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的 | |
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deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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paternal
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| adj.父亲的，像父亲的，父系的，父方的 | |
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Vogue
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| n.时髦，时尚；adj.流行的 | |
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dominant
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| adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因 | |
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legacy
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| n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西 | |
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legislative
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| n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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clergy
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| n.[总称]牧师，神职人员 | |
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patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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adherents
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| n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙 | |
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provincial
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| adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人 | |
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perpetuate
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| v.使永存，使永记不忘 | |
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oligarchy
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disaffected
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| adj.（政治上）不满的，叛离的 | |
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loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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offset
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| n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿 | |
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arraignment
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| n.提问，传讯，责难 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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eminently
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| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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judicial
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| adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的 | |
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stoutly
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injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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iniquitous
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| adj.不公正的；邪恶的；高得出奇的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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trepidation
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| n.惊恐，惶恐 | |
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demolishing
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| v.摧毁( demolish的现在分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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genially
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| adv.亲切地，和蔼地；快活地 | |
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shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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invective
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| n.痛骂，恶意抨击 | |
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adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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habitually
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| ad.习惯地，通常地 | |
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specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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vehement
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| adj.感情强烈的；热烈的；(人)有强烈感情的 | |
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entrenched
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| adj.确立的，不容易改的(风俗习惯) | |
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buttressed
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| v.用扶壁支撑，加固( buttress的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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endorsed
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| vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品 | |
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55
strenuous
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| adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的 | |
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56
redress
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| n.赔偿，救济，矫正；v.纠正，匡正，革除 | |
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57
concession
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| n.让步，妥协；特许(权) | |
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58
outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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59
rascal
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| n.流氓；不诚实的人 | |
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60
testy
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| adj.易怒的；暴躁的 | |
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61
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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62
consort
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| v.相伴；结交 | |
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63
agitators
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| n.（尤指政治变革的）鼓动者( agitator的名词复数 )；煽动者；搅拌器；搅拌机 | |
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64
grievances
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| n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚 | |
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65
unreasonably
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| adv. 不合理地 | |
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66
juncture
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| n.时刻，关键时刻，紧要关头 | |
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67
temperate
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| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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68
courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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69
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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70
overthrow
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| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
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71
fabric
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| n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织 | |
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72
tranquillity
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| n. 平静, 安静 | |
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73
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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74
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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75
tunes
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| n.曲调，曲子( tune的名词复数 )v.调音( tune的第三人称单数 )；调整；（给收音机、电视等）调谐；使协调 | |
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76
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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77
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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78
ransacking
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| v.彻底搜查( ransack的现在分词 )；抢劫，掠夺 | |
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79
martyr
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| n.烈士，殉难者；vt.杀害，折磨，牺牲 | |
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80
pungent
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| adj.（气味、味道）刺激性的，辛辣的；尖锐的 | |
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81
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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82
partisan
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| adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒 | |
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83
wrecking
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| 破坏 | |
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84
conspiracy
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| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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85
heinous
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| adj.可憎的，十恶不赦的 | |
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86
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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87
enacted
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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88
wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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89
poise
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| vt./vi. 平衡，保持平衡；n.泰然自若，自信 | |
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90
justification
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| n.正当的理由；辩解的理由 | |
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91
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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92
culminated
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| v.达到极点( culminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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93
bias
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| n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见 | |
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94
outlawed
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| 宣布…为不合法（outlaw的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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95
demolished
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| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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96
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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97
provocation
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| n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因 | |
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98
intemperate
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| adj.无节制的，放纵的 | |
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99
scurrilous
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| adj.下流的，恶意诽谤的 | |
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100
chaos
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| n.混乱，无秩序 | |
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101
patriot
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| n.爱国者，爱国主义者 | |
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102
thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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103
galling
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| adj.难堪的,使烦恼的,使焦躁的 | |
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104
martyrs
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| n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情） | |
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105
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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106
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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107
aggrieved
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| adj.愤愤不平的，受委屈的；悲痛的；（在合法权利方面）受侵害的v.令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式)；令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式和过去分词) | |
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108
incipient
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| adj.起初的，发端的，初期的 | |
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109
partisans
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| 游击队员( partisan的名词复数 )； 党人； 党羽； 帮伙 | |
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110
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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111
radicalism
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| n. 急进主义, 根本的改革主义 | |
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112
coaxed
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| v.哄，用好话劝说( coax的过去式和过去分词 )；巧言骗取；哄劝，劝诱 | |
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113
bribed
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| v.贿赂( bribe的过去式和过去分词 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂 | |
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114
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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115
ebb
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| vi.衰退，减退；n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态 | |
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116
extemporized
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| v.即兴创作，即席演奏( extemporize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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117
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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118
proffered
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| v.提供，贡献，提出( proffer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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119
bibulous
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| adj.高度吸收的，酗酒的 | |
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120
doffed
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| v.脱去，（尤指）脱帽( doff的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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121
stunned
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| adj. 震惊的，惊讶的 动词stun的过去式和过去分词 | |
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122
anthem
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| n.圣歌，赞美诗，颂歌 | |
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123
abashed
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| adj.窘迫的，尴尬的v.使羞愧，使局促，使窘迫( abash的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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124
disapproval
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| n.反对，不赞成 | |
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125
impeded
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| 阻碍，妨碍，阻止( impede的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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126
radicals
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| n.激进分子( radical的名词复数 )；根基；基本原理；[数学]根数 | |
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127
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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128
monarchical
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| adj. 国王的，帝王的，君主的，拥护君主制的 =monarchic | |
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129
infamous
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| adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的 | |
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130
frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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131
exonerated
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| v.使免罪，免除( exonerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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132
accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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133
espionage
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| n.间谍行为，谍报活动 | |
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134
obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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135
faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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136
awing
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| adj.& adv.飞翔的[地]v.使敬畏，使惊惧( awe的现在分词 ) | |
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137
subserviency
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| n.有用，裨益 | |
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138
reiterated
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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139
malignity
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| n.极度的恶意，恶毒；（病的）恶性 | |
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140
hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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141
pretexts
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| n.借口，托辞( pretext的名词复数 ) | |
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142
augment
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| vt.(使)增大，增加，增长，扩张 | |
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143
instigating
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| v.使（某事物）开始或发生，鼓动( instigate的现在分词 ) | |
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144
prosecutions
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| 起诉( prosecution的名词复数 )； 原告； 实施； 从事 | |
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145
beguiling
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| adj.欺骗的，诱人的v.欺骗( beguile的现在分词 )；使陶醉；使高兴；消磨（时间等） | |
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146
lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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147
troupe
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| n.剧团，戏班；杂技团；马戏团 | |
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148
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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149
interspersed
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| adj.[医]散开的；点缀的v.intersperse的过去式和过去分词 | |
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150
attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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151
incumbents
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| 教区牧师( incumbent的名词复数 )； 教会中的任职者 | |
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152
levity
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| n.轻率，轻浮，不稳定，多变 | |
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153
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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154
trumpery
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| n.无价值的杂物；adj.（物品）中看不中用的 | |
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155
indignity
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| n.侮辱，伤害尊严，轻蔑 | |
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156
scattering
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| n.[物]散射；散乱，分散；在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的；分散在不同范围的；广泛扩散的；（选票）数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式)；散布；驱散 | |
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157
veracious
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| adj.诚实可靠的 | |
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158
graphically
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| adv.通过图表；生动地，轮廓分明地 | |
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159
submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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160
pertinacity
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| n.执拗，顽固 | |
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161
pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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162
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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163
succumb
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| v.屈服，屈从；死 | |
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164
cabal
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| n.政治阴谋小集团 | |
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165
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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