Notable among the names of heroes of the British race is that of Beowulf, which appeals to all English-speaking people in a very special way, since he is the one hero in whose story we may see the ideals of our English forefathers2 before they left their Continental3 home to cross to the islands of Britain.
Although this hero had distinguished4 himself by numerous feats5 of strength during his boyhood and early youth, it was as the deliverer of Hrothgar, king of Denmark, from the monster Grendel that he first gained wide renown8. Grendel was half monster and half man, and had his abode9 in the fen-fastnesses in the vicinity of Hrothgar’s residence. Night after night he would steal into the king’s great palace called Heorot and slay10 sometimes as many as thirty at one time of the knights11 sleeping there.
Beowulf put himself at the head of a selected band of warriors14, went against the monster, and after a terrible fight slew15 it. The following night Grendel’s mother, a fiend scarcely less terrible than her son, carried off one of Hrothgar’s boldest thanes. Once more Beowulf went to the help of the Danish king, followed the she-monster to her lair16 at the bottom of a muddy lake in the midst of the swamp, and with his good sword Hrunting and his own muscular arms broke the sea-woman’s neck.
Upon his return to his own country of the Geats, loaded with honors bestowed17 upon him by Hrothgar, Beowulf served the king of Geatland as the latter’s most trusted counsellor and champion. When, after many years, the king fell before an enemy, the Geats unanimously chose Beowulf for their new king. His fame as a warrior13 kept his country free from invasion, and his wisdom as a statesman increased its prosperity and happiness.
In the fiftieth year of Beowulf’s reign18, however, a great terror fell upon the land in the way of a monstrous19 fire-dragon, which flew forth20 by night from its den7 in the rocks, lighting21 up the blackness with its blazing breath, and burning houses and homesteads, men and cattle, with the flames from its mouth. When the news came to Beowulf that his people were suffering and dying, and that no warrior dared to risk his life in an effort to deliver the country from this deadly devastation22, the aged23 king took up his shield and sword and went forth to his last fight. At the entrance of the dragon’s cave Beowulf raised his voice and shouted a furious defiance24 to the awesome25 guardian26 of the den. Roaring hideously28 and flapping his glowing wings together, the dragon rushed forth and half flew, half sprang, on Beowulf. Then began a fearful combat, which ended in Beowulf’s piercing the dragon’s scaly29 armor and inflicting30 a mortal wound, but alas31! in himself being given a gash32 in the neck by his opponent’s poisoned fangs33 which resulted in his death. As he lay stretched on the ground, his head supported by Wiglaf, an honored warrior who had helped in the fight with the dragon, Beowulf roused himself to say, as he grasped Wiglaf’s hand:
“Thou must now look to the needs of the nation;
Here dwell I no longer, for Destiny calleth me!
Bid thou my warriors after my funeral pyre
Build me a burial-cairn high on the sea-cliff’s head;
So that the seafarers Beowulf’s Barrow
Henceforth shall name it, they who drive far and wide
Over the mighty34 flood their foamy35 keels.
Thou art the last of all the kindred of Wagmund!
Wyrd has swept all my kin1, all the brave chiefs away!
Now must I follow them!”
These last words spoken, the king of the Geats, brave to seek danger and brave to look on death and Fate undaunted, fell back dead. According to his last desires, his followers36 gathered wood and piled it on the cliff-head. Upon this funeral pyre was laid Beowulf’s body and consumed to ashes. Then, upon the same cliff of Hronesness, was erected37 a huge burial cairn, widespread and lofty, to be known thereafter as Beowulf’s Barrow.
CUCHULAIN, CHAMPION OF IRELAND
Among all the early literatures of Europe, there are two which, at exactly opposite corners of the continent, display most strikingly similar characteristics. These are the Greek and the Irish, and the legend of the Irish champion Cuchulain, which well illustrates38 the similarity of the literatures, bears so close a resemblance to the story of Achilles as to win for this hero the title of “the Irish Achilles.” Certainly in reckless courage, power of inspiring dread39, sense of personal merit, and frankness of speech the Irish hero is fully40 equal to the mighty Greek.
Cuchulain was the nephew of King Conor of Ulster, son of his sister Dechtire, and it is said that his father was no mortal man, but the great god Lugh of the Long Hand. Cuchulain was brought up by King Conor himself, and even while he was still a boy his fame spread all over Ireland. His warlike deeds were those of a proved warrior, not of a child of nursery age; and by the time Cuchulain was seventeen he was without peer among the champions of Ulster.
Upon Cuchulain’s marriage to Emer, daughter of Forgall the Wily, a Druid of great power, the couple took up their residence at Armagh, the capital of Ulster, under the protection of King Conor. Here there was one chief, Bricriu of the Bitter Tongue, who, like Thersites among the Grecian leaders, delighted in making mischief42. Soon he had on foot plans for stirring up strife43 among the heroes of Ulster, leaders among whom were the mighty Laegaire, Conall Cearnach, cousin of Cuchulain, and Cuchulain himself. Inviting44 the members of King Conor’s court to dinner, Bricriu arranged that a contest should arise over who should have the “champion’s portion,” and so successful was he that, to avoid a bloody45 fight, the three heroes mentioned decided46 to submit their claims to the championship of Ireland to King Ailill of Connaught.
Ailill put the heroes to an unexpected test. Their dinner was served them in a separate room, into which three magic beasts, in the shape of monstrous cats, were sent by the king. When they saw them Laegire and Conall rose from their meal, climbed among the rafters, and stayed there all night. Cuchulain waited until one cat attacked him, and then, drawing his sword, struck the monster. It showed no further sign of fight, and at daybreak the magic beasts disappeared.
As Laegire and Conall claimed that this test was an unfair one, Ailill sent the three rivals to Curoi of Kerry, a just and wise man, who set out to discover by wizardry and enchantments47 the best among the heroes. In turn they stood watch outside Curoi’s castle, where Laegire and Conall were overcome by a huge giant, who hurled48 spears of mighty oak trees, and ended by throwing them over the wall into the courtyard. Cuchulain alone withstood the giant, whereupon he was attacked by other magic foes49. Among these was a dragon, which flew on horrible wings from a neighboring lake, and seemed ready to devour50 everything in its way. Cuchulain sprang up, giving his wonderful hero-leap, thrust his arm into the dragon’s mouth and down its throat, and tore out its heart. After the monster fell dead, he cut off its scaly head.
As even yet Cuchulain’s opponents would not admit his championship, they were all three directed to return to Armagh, to await Curoi’s judgment51. Here it happened that all the Ulster heroes were in the great hall one night, except Cuchulain and his cousin Conall. As they sat in order of rank, a terrible stranger, gigantic in stature52, hideous27 of aspect, with ravening53 yellow eyes, entered. In his hand he bore an enormous axe54, with keen and shining edge. Upon King Conor’s inquiring his business there, the stranger replied:
“Behold my axe! The man who will grasp it to-day may cut my head off with it, provided that I may, in like manner, cut off his head to-morrow. If you have no champion who dare face me, I will say that Ulster has lost her courage and is dishonored.”
At once Laegire accepted the challenge. The giant laid his head on a block, and at a blow the hero severed55 it from the body. Thereupon the giant arose, took the head and the axe, and thus, headless, strode from the hall. But the following night, when he returned, sound as ever, to claim the fulfilment of Laegire’s promise, the latter’s heart failed him and he did not come forward. The stranger then jeered56 at the men of Ulster because their great champion durst not keep his agreement, nor face the blow he should receive in return for the one he gave.
The men of Ulster were utterly57 ashamed, but Conall Cearnach, who was present that night, made a new agreement with the stranger. He gave a blow which beheaded the giant, but again, when the latter returned whole and sound on the following evening, the champion was not to be found.
Now it was the turn of Cuchulain, who, as the others had done, cut off the giant’s head at one stroke. The next day the members of Conor’s court watched Cuchulain to see what he would do. They would not have been surprised if he had failed like the others, who now were present. The champion, however, showed no signs of failing or retreat. He sat sorrowfully in his place, and with a sigh said to King Conor as they waited: “Do not leave this place till all is over. Death is coming to me very surely, but I must fulfil my agreement, for I would rather die than break my word.”
Towards the close of day the stranger strode into the hall exultant58.
“Where is Cuchulain?” he cried.
“Here I am,” was the reply.
“Ah, poor boy! your speech is sad to-night, and the fear of death lies heavy on you; but at least you have redeemed59 your word and have not failed me.”
The youth rose from his seat and went towards him, as he stood with the great axe ready, and knelt to receive the blow.
The hero of Ulster laid his head on the block; but the giant was not satisfied. “Stretch out your neck better,” said he.
“You are playing with me, to torment60 me,” said Cuchulain. “Slay me now speedily, for I did not keep you waiting last night.”
However, he stretched out his neck as ordered, and the stranger raised his axe till it crashed upwards61 through the rafters of the hall, like the crash of trees falling in a storm. When the axe came down with a terrific sound all men looked fearfully at Cuchulain. The descending62 axe had not even touched him; it had come down with the blunt side on the ground, and the youth knelt there unharmed. Smiling at him, and leaning on his axe, stood no terrible and hideous stranger, but Curoi of Kerry, come to give his decision at last.
“Rise up, Cuchulain,” said Curoi. “There is none among all the heroes of Ulster to equal you in courage and loyalty63 and truth. The Championship of the Heroes of Ireland is yours from this day forth, and the Champion’s Portion at all feasts; and to your wife I adjudge the first place among all the women of Ulster. Woe64 to him who dares to dispute this decision!” Thereupon Curoi vanished, and the warriors gathered around Cuchulain, and all with one voice acclaimed65 him the Champion of the Heroes of all Ireland—a title which has clung to him until this day.
This is one of many stories told of the Irish champion, whose deeds of bravery would fill many pages. Cuchulain finally came to his end on the field of battle, after a fight in which he displayed all his usual gallantry but in which unfair means were used to overcome him.
For Wales and for England during centuries Arthur has been the representative “very gentle perfect knight12.” In a similar way, in England’s sister isle67, Cuchulain stands ever for the highest ideals of the Irish Gaels.
赫里沃德之后 HEREWARD THE WAKE
In Hereward the Wake (or “Watchful”) is found one of those heroes whose date can be ascertained68 with a fair amount of exactness and yet in whose story occur mythological69 elements which seem to belong to all ages. The folklore70 of primitive72 races is a great storehouse whence a people can choose tales and heroic deeds to glorify73 its own national hero, careless that the same tales and deeds have done duty for other peoples and other heroes. Hence it happens that Hereward the Saxon, a patriot74 hero as real and actual as Nelson or George Washington, whose deeds were recorded in prose and verse within forty years of his death, was even then surrounded by a cloud of romance and mystery, which hid in vagueness his family, his marriage, and even his death.
Briefly75 it may be stated that Hereward was a native of Lincolnshire, and was in his prime about 1070. In that year he joined a party of Danes who appeared in England, attacked Peterborough and sacked the abbey there, and afterward76 took refuge in the Isle of Ely. Here he was besieged77 by William the Conqueror78, and was finally forced to yield to the Norman. He thus came to stand for the defeated Saxon race, and his name has been passed down as that of the darling hero of the Saxons. For his splendid defence of Ely they forgave his final surrender to Duke William; they attributed to him all the virtues79 supposed to be inherent in the free-born, and all the glorious valor80 on which the English prided themselves; and, lastly, they surrounded his death with a halo of desperate fighting, and made his last conflict as wonderful as that of Roland at Roncesvalles. If Roland is the ideal of Norman feudal81 chivalry82, Hereward is equally the ideal of Anglo-Saxon sturdy manliness83 and knighthood.
An account of one of Hereward’s adventures as a youth will serve as illustration of the stories told of his prowess. On an enforced visit to Cornwall, he found that King Alef, a petty British chief, had betrothed84 his fair daughter to a terrible Pictish giant, breaking off, in order to do it, her troth-plight with Prince Sigtryg of Waterford, son of a Danish king in Ireland. Hereward, ever chivalrous85, picked a quarrel with the giant and killed him in fair fight, whereupon the king threw him into prison. In the following night, however, the released princess arranged that the gallant66 Saxon should be freed and sent hot-foot for her lover, Prince Sigtryg. After many adventures Hereward reached the prince, who hastened to return to Cornwall with the young hero. But to the grief of both, they learned upon their arrival that the princess had just been betrothed to a wild Cornish hero, Haco, and the wedding feast was to be held that very day. Sigtryg at once sent a troop of forty Danes to King Alef demanding the fulfilment of the troth-plight between himself and his daughter, and threatening vengeance86 if it were broken. To this threat the king returned no answer, and no Dane came back to tell of their reception.
Sigtryg would have waited till morning, trusting in the honor of the king, but Hereward disguised himself as a minstrel and obtained admission to the bridal feast, where he soon won applause by his beautiful singing. The bridegroom, Haco, in a rapture87 offered him any boon88 he liked to ask, but he demanded only a cup of wine from the hands of the bride. When she brought it to him he flung into the empty cup the betrothal89 ring, the token she had sent to Sigtryg, and said: “I thank thee, lady, and would reward thee for thy gentleness to a wandering minstrel; I give back the cup, richer than before by the kind thoughts of which it bears the token.” The princess looked at him, gazed into the goblet90, and saw her ring; then, looking again, she recognized her deliverer and knew that rescue was at hand.
While men feasted Hereward listened and talked, and found out that the forty Danes were prisoners, to be released on the morrow when Haco was sure of his bride, but released useless and miserable91, since they would be turned adrift blinded. Haco was taking his lovely bride back to his own land, and Hereward saw that any rescue, to be successful, must be attempted on the march.
Returning to Sigtryg, the young Saxon told all that he had learned, and the Danes planned an ambush92 in the ravine where Haco had decided to blind and set free his captives. The whole was carried out exactly as Hereward arranged it. The Cornishmen, with the Danish captives, passed first without attack; next came Haco, riding grim and ferocious93 beside his silent bride, he exulting94 in his success, she looking eagerly for any signs of rescue. As they passed Hereward sprang from his shelter, crying, “Upon them, Danes, and set your brethren free!” and himself struck down Haco and smote95 off his head. There was a short struggle, but soon the rescued Danes were able to aid their deliverers, and the Cornish guards were all slain96; the men of King Alef, never very zealous97 for the cause of Haco, fled, and the Danes were left masters of the field.
Sigtryg had in the meantime seen to the safety of the princess, and now, placing her between himself and Hereward, he escorted her to the ship, which soon brought them to Waterford and a happy bridal. The Prince and Princess of Waterford always recognized in Hereward their deliverer and best friend, and in their gratitude98 wished him to dwell with them always; but the hero’s roving and daring temper forbade his settling down, but rather urged him on to deeds of arms in other lands, where he quickly won a renown second to none.
ROBIN99 HOOD6 罗宾汉
Among the earliest heirlooms of the Anglo-Saxon tongue are the songs and legends of Robin Hood and his merry outlaws101, which have charmed readers young and old for more than six hundred years. These entertaining stories date back to the time when Chaucer wrote his “Canterbury Tales,” when the minstrel and scribe stood in the place of the more prim71 and precise modern printed book.
The question of whether or not Robin Hood was a real person has been asked for many years, just as a similar question has been asked about William Tell and others whom everyone would much rather accept on faith. It cannot be answered by a brief “yes” or “no,” even though learned men have pored over ancient records and have written books on the subject. According to the general belief Robin was an outlaw100 in the reign of Richard I, when in the depths of Sherwood Forest he entertained one hundred tall men, all good archers103, with the spoil he took; but “he suffered no woman to be oppressed or otherwise molested104; poore men’s goods he spared, abundantlie relieving them with that which by theft he got from abbeys and houses of rich earles.” Consequently Robin was an immense favorite with the common people.
This popularity extended from the leader to all the members of his hardy105 band. “God save Robin Hood and all his good yeomanry” is the ending of many old ballads106. The clever archer102 who could outshoot his fellows, the brave yeoman inured107 to blows, and the man who could be true to his friends through thick and thin were favorites for all time; and they have been idealized in the persons of Robin Hood and his merry outlaws.
One of the best-known stories of this picturesque108 figure of early English times is that given by Sir Walter Scott in “Ivanhoe,” concerning the archery contest during the rule or misrule of Prince John, in the absence of Richard from the kingdom. Robin Hood, under the assumed name of Locksley, boldly presents himself at a royal tournament at Ashby, as competitor for the prize in shooting with the long-bow. From the eight or ten archers who enter the contest, the number finally narrows down to two,—Hubert, a forester in the service of one of the king’s nobles, and Locksley or Robin Hood. Hubert takes the first shot in the final trial of skill, and lands his arrow within the inner ring of the target, but not exactly in the centre.
“?‘You have not allowed for the wind, Hubert,’ said Locksley, ‘or that had been a better shot.’
“So saying, and without showing the least anxiety to pause upon his aim, Locksley stepped to the appointed station, and shot his arrow as carelessly in appearance as if he had not even looked at the mark. He was speaking almost at the instant that the shaft109 left the bow-string, yet it alighted in the target two inches nearer to the white spot which marked the centre than that of Hubert.
“?‘By the light of Heaven!’ said Prince John to Hubert, ‘an thou suffer that runagate knave110 to overcome thee, thou art worthy111 of the gallows112!’
“Hubert had but one set speech for all occasions. ‘An your highness were to hang me,’ he said, ‘a man can but do his best. Nevertheless, my grandsire drew a good bow——’
“?‘The foul113 fiend on thy grandsire and all his generation!’ interrupted John; ‘shoot, knave, and shoot thy best, or it shall be worse for thee!’
“Thus exhorted114, Hubert resumed his place, and not neglecting the caution which he had received from his adversary115, he made the necessary allowance for a very light air of wind, which had just risen, and shot so successfully that his arrow alighted in the very centre of the target.
“?‘A Hubert! a Hubert!’ shouted the populace, more interested in a known person than in a stranger. ‘In the clout116!—in the clout!—a Hubert forever!’
“?‘Thou canst not mend that shot, Locksley,’ said the Prince, with an insulting smile.
“?‘I will notch117 his shaft for him, however,’ replied Locksley.
“And letting fly his arrow with a little more precaution than before, it lighted right upon that of his competitor, which it split to shivers. The people who stood around were so astonished at his wonderful dexterity118, that they could not even give vent41 to their surprise in their usual clamor. ‘This must be the devil, and no man of flesh and blood,’ whispered the yeomen to each other; ‘such archery was never seen since a bow was first bent119 in Britain.’
“?‘And now,’ said Locksley, ‘I will crave120 your Grace’s permission to plant such a mark as is used in the North Country; and welcome every brave yeoman who shall try a shot at it to win a smile from the bonny lass he loves best.’?”
Locksley thereupon sets up a willow121 wand, six feet long and as thick as a man’s thumb. Hubert is forced to decline the honor of taking part in such a trial of archery skill, but his rival easily splits the wand at a distance of three hundred feet and carries off the prize.
“Even Prince John, in admiration122 of Locksley’s skill, lost for an instant his dislike to his person. ‘These twenty nobles,’ he said, ‘which, with the bugle123, thou hast fairly won, are thine own; we will make them fifty, if thou wilt124 take livery and service with us as a yeoman of our bodyguard125, and be near to our person. For never did so strong a hand bend a bow, or so true an eye direct a shaft.’?”[71]
Locksley, however, declares that it is impossible for him to enter the Prince’s service, generously shares his prize with the worthy Hubert, and retires once more to his beloved haunts among the lights and shadows of the good greenwood.
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kin
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| n.家族，亲属，血缘关系；adj.亲属关系的，同类的 | |
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forefathers
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| n.祖先，先人；祖先，祖宗( forefather的名词复数 )；列祖列宗；前人 | |
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continental
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| adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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hood
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| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
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den
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| n.兽穴；秘密地方；安静的小房间，私室 | |
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renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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slay
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| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
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knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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lair
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| n.野兽的巢穴；躲藏处 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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lighting
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| n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光 | |
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devastation
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| n.毁坏；荒废；极度震惊或悲伤 | |
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aged
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defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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awesome
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| adj.令人惊叹的，难得吓人的，很好的 | |
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guardian
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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hideously
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| adv.可怕地，非常讨厌地 | |
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scaly
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| adj.鱼鳞状的；干燥粗糙的 | |
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inflicting
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的现在分词 ) | |
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alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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gash
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| v.深切，划开；n.(深长的)切(伤)口；裂缝 | |
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fangs
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| n.（尤指狗和狼的）长而尖的牙( fang的名词复数 )；（蛇的）毒牙；罐座 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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foamy
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| adj.全是泡沫的，泡沫的，起泡沫的 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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illustrates
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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41
vent
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| n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄 | |
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42
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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43
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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44
inviting
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| adj.诱人的，引人注目的 | |
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45
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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46
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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47
enchantments
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| n.魅力( enchantment的名词复数 )；迷人之处；施魔法；着魔 | |
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48
hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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49
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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50
devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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51
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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52
stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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53
ravening
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| a.贪婪而饥饿的 | |
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54
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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55
severed
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| v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂 | |
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56
jeered
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| v.嘲笑( jeer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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57
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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58
exultant
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| adj.欢腾的，狂欢的，大喜的 | |
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59
redeemed
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| adj. 可赎回的，可救赎的 动词redeem的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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60
torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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61
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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62
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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63
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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64
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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65
acclaimed
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| adj.受人欢迎的 | |
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66
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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67
isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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68
ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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69
mythological
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| adj.神话的 | |
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70
folklore
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| n.民间信仰，民间传说，民俗 | |
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71
prim
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| adj.拘泥形式的，一本正经的；n.循规蹈矩，整洁；adv.循规蹈矩地，整洁地 | |
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72
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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73
glorify
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| vt.颂扬，赞美，使增光，美化 | |
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74
patriot
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| n.爱国者，爱国主义者 | |
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75
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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76
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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77
besieged
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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78
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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79
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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80
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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81
feudal
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| adj.封建的，封地的，领地的 | |
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82
chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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83
manliness
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| 刚毅 | |
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84
betrothed
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| n. 已订婚者 动词betroth的过去式和过去分词 | |
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85
chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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86
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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87
rapture
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| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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88
boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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89
betrothal
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| n. 婚约, 订婚 | |
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90
goblet
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| n.高脚酒杯 | |
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91
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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92
ambush
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| n.埋伏(地点)；伏兵；v.埋伏；伏击 | |
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ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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94
exulting
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| vi. 欢欣鼓舞，狂喜 | |
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95
smote
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| v.猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去式 ) | |
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96
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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97
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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98
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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99
robin
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| n.知更鸟，红襟鸟 | |
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100
outlaw
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| n.歹徒，亡命之徒；vt.宣布…为不合法 | |
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101
outlaws
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| 歹徒，亡命之徒( outlaw的名词复数 )； 逃犯 | |
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102
archer
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| n.射手，弓箭手 | |
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103
archers
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| n.弓箭手，射箭运动员( archer的名词复数 ) | |
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104
molested
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| v.骚扰( molest的过去式和过去分词 )；干扰；调戏；猥亵 | |
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105
hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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106
ballads
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| 民歌，民谣，特别指叙述故事的歌( ballad的名词复数 )； 讴 | |
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107
inured
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| adj.坚强的，习惯的 | |
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108
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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109
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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110
knave
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| n.流氓；（纸牌中的）杰克 | |
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111
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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112
gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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113
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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114
exhorted
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| v.劝告，劝说( exhort的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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115
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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116
clout
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| n.用手猛击；权力，影响力 | |
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117
notch
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| n.(V字形)槽口，缺口，等级 | |
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118
dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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119
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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120
crave
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| vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求 | |
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121
willow
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| n.柳树 | |
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122
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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123
bugle
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| n.军号，号角，喇叭；v.吹号，吹号召集 | |
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124
wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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125
bodyguard
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| n.护卫，保镖 | |
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