B.C. 403-402. Thus the civil strife1 at Athens had an end. At a subsequent date Cyrus sent messengers to Lacedaemon, claiming requital2 in kind for the service which he had lately rendered in the war with Athens.126 The demand seemed to the ephorate just and reasonable. Accordingly they ordered Samius,127 who was admiral at the time, to put himself at the disposition3 of Cyrus for any service which he might require. Samius himself needed no persuasion4 to carry out the wishes of Cyrus. With his own fleet, accompanied by that of Cyrus, he sailed round to Cilicia, and so made it impossible for Syennesis, the ruler of that province, to oppose Cyrus by land in his advance against the king his brother.
B.C. 401. The particulars of the expedition are to be found in the pages of the Syracusan Themistogenes,128 who describes the mustering5 of the armament, and the advance of Cyrus at the head of his troops; and then the battle, and death of Cyrus himself, and the consequent retreat of the Hellenes while effecting their escape to the sea.129
B.C. 400. It was in recognition of the service which he had rendered in this affair, that Tissaphernes was despatched to Lower Asia by the king his master. He came as satrap, not only of his own provinces, but of those which had belonged to Cyrus; and he at once demanded the absolute submission7 of the Ionic cities, without exception, to his authority. These communities, partly from a desire to maintain their freedom, and partly from fear of Tissaphernes himself, whom they had rejected in favour of Cyrus during the lifetime of that prince, were loth to admit the satrap within their gates. They thought it better to send an embassy to the Lacedaemonians, calling upon them as representatives and leaders130 of the Hellenic world to look to the interests of their petitioners8, who were Hellenes also, albeit9 they lived in Asia, and not to suffer their country to be ravaged10 and themselves enslaved.
In answer to this appeal, the Lacedaemonians sent out Thibron131 as governor, providing him with a body of troops, consisting of one thousand neodamodes132 (i.e. enfranchised11 helots) and four thousand Peloponnesians. In addition to these, Thibron himself applied12 to the Athenians for a detachment of three hundred horse, for whose service-money he would hold himself responsible. The Athenians in answer sent him some of the knights14 who had served under the Thirty,133 thinking that the people of Athens would be well rid of them if they went abroad and perished there.
B.C. 400-399. On their arrival in Asia, Thibron further collected contingents15 from the Hellenic cities on the continent; for at this time the word of a Lacedaemonian was law. He had only to command, and every city must needs obey.134 But although he had this armament, Thibron, when he saw the cavalry16, had no mind to descend17 into the plain. If he succeeded in protecting from pillage18 the particular district in which he chanced to be, he was quite content. It was only when the troops135 who had taken part in the expedition of Cyrus had joined him on their safe return, that he assumed a bolder attitude. He was now ready to confront Tissaphernes, army against army, on the level ground, and won over a number of cities. Pergamum came in of her own accord. So did Teuthrania and Halisarna. These were under the government of Eurysthenes and Procles,136 the descendants of Demaratus the Lacedaemonian, who in days of old had received this territory as a gift from the Persian monarch19 in return for his share in the campaign against Hellas. Gorgion and Gongylus, two brothers, also gave in their adhesion; they were lords, the one of Gambreum and Palae-Gambreum, the other of Myrina and Gryneum, four cities which, like those above named, had originally been gifts from the king to an earlier Gongylus — the sole Eretrian who “joined the Mede,” and in consequence was banished20. Other cities which were too weak to resist, Thibron took by force of arms. In the case of one he was not so successful. This was the Egyptian137 Larisa, as it is called, which refused to capitulate, and was forthwith invested and subjected to a regular siege. When all other attempts to take it failed, he set about digging a tank or reservoir, and in connection with the tank an underground channel, by means of which he proposed to draw off the water supply of the inhabitants. In this he was baffled by frequent sallies of the besieged22, and a continual discharge of timber and stones into the cutting. He retaliated23 by the construction of a wooden tortoise which he erected24 over the tank; but once more the tortoise was burnt to a cinder25 in a successful night attack on the part of the men of Larisa. These ineffectual efforts induced the ephors to send a despatch6 bidding Thibron give up Larisa and march upon Caria.
He had already reached Ephesus, and was on the point of marching into Caria, when Dercylidas arrived to take command of his army. The new general was a man whose genius for invention had won him the nickname of Sisyphus. Thus it was that Thibron returned home, where on his arrival he was fined and banished, the allies accusing him of allowing his troops to plunder26 their friends.
Dercylidas was not slow to perceive and turn to account the jealousy27 which subsisted28 between Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus. Coming to terms with the former, he marched into the territory of the latter, preferring, as he said, to be at war with one of the pair at a time, rather than the two together. His hostility29, indeed, to Pharnabazus was an old story, dating back to a period during the naval30 command138 of Lysander, when he was himself governor in Abydos; where, thanks to Pharnabazus, he had got into trouble with his superior officer, and had been made to stand “with his shield on his arm”— a stigma31 on his honour which no true Lacedaemonian would forgive, since this is the punishment of insubordination.139 For this reason, doubtless, Dercylidas had the greater satisfaction in marching against Pharnabazus. From the moment he assumed command there was a marked difference for the better between his methods and those of his predecessor32. Thus he contrived33 to conduct his troops into that portion of the Aeolid which belonged to Pharnabazus, through the heart of friendly territory without injury to the allies.
This district of Aeolis belonged to Pharnabazus,140 but had been held as a satrapy under him by a Dardanian named Zenis whilst he was alive; but when Zenis fell sick and died, Pharnabazus made preparation to give the satrapy to another. Then Mania34 the wife of Zenis, herself also a Dardanian, fitted out an expedition, and taking with her gifts wherewith to make a present to Pharnabazus himself, and to gratify his concubines and those whose power was greatest with Pharnabazus, set forth21 on her journey. When she had obtained audience with him she spoke35 as follows: “O Pharnabazus, thou knowest that thy servant my husband was in all respects friendly to thee; moreover, he paid my lord the tributes which were thy due, so that thou didst praise and honour him. Now therefore, if I do thee service as faithfully as my husband, why needest thou to appoint another satrap?— nay36 but, if in any matter I please thee not, is it not in thy power to take from me the government on that day, and to give it to another?” When he had heard her words, Pharnabazus decided37 that the woman ought to be satrap. She, as soon as she was mistress of the territory, never ceased to render the tribute in due season, even as her husband before her had done. Moreover, whenever she came to the court of Pharnabazus she brought him gifts continually, and whenever Pharnabazus went down to visit her provinces she welcomed him with all fair and courteous38 entertainment beyond what his other viceroys were wont39 to do. The cities also which had been left to her by her husband, she guarded safely for him; while of those cities that owed her no allegiance, she acquired, on the seaboard, Larisa and Hamaxitus and Colonae — attacking their walls by aid of Hellenic mercenaries, whilst she herself sat in her carriage and watched the spectacle. Nor was she sparing of her gifts to those who won her admiration40; and thus she furnished herself with a mercenary force of exceptional splendour. She also went with Pharnabazus on his campaigns, even when, on pretext41 of some injury done to the king’s territory, Mysians or Pisidians were the object of attack. In requital, Pharnabazus paid her magnificent honour, and at times invited her to assist him with her counsel.141
Now when Mania was more than forty years old, the husband of her own daughter, Meidias — flustered42 by the suggestions of certain people who said that it was monstrous43 a woman should rule and he remain a private person142 — found his way into her presence, as the story goes, and strangled her. For Mania, albeit she carefully guarded herself against all ordinary comers, as behoved her in the exercise of her “tyranny,” trusted in Meidias, and, as a woman might her own son-inlaw, was ready to greet him at all times with open arms. He also murdered her son, a youth of marvellous beauty, who was about seventeen years of age. He next seized upon the strong cities of Scepsis and Gergithes, in which lay for the most part the property and wealth of Mania. As for the other cities of the satrapy, they would not receive the usurper44, their garrisons46 keeping them safely for Pharnabazus. Thereupon Meidias sent gifts to Pharnabazus, and claimed to hold the district even as Mania had held it; to whom the other answered, “Keep your gifts and guard them safely until that day when I shall come in person and take both you and them together”; adding, “What care I to live longer if I avenge47 not myself for the murder of Mania!”
Just at the critical moment Dercylidas arrived, and in a single day received the adhesion of the three seaboard cities Larisa, Hamaxitus, and Colonae — which threw open their gates to him. Then he sent messengers to the cities of the Aeolid also, offering them freedom if they would receive him within their walls and become allies. Accordingly the men of Neandria and Ilium and Cocylium lent willing ears; for since the death of Mania their Hellenic garrisons had been treated but ill. But the commander of the garrison45 in Cebrene, a place of some strength, bethinking him that if he should succeed in guarding that city for Pharnabazus, he would receive honour at his hands, refused to admit Dercylidas. Whereupon the latter, in a rage, prepared to take the place by force; but when he came to sacrifice, on the first day the victims would not yield good omens48; on the second, and again upon the third day, it was the same story. Thus for as many as four days he persevered49 in sacrificing, cherishing wrath50 the while — for he was in haste to become master of the whole Aeolid before Pharnabazus came to the succour of the district.
Meanwhile a certain Sicyonian captain, Athenadas by name, said to himself: “Dercylidas does but trifle to waste his time here, whilst I with my own hand can draw off their water from the men of Cybrene”; wherewith he ran forward with his division and essayed to choke up the spring which supplied the city. But the garrison sallied out and covered the Sicyonian himself with wounds, besides killing51 two of his men. Indeed, they plied13 their swords and missiles with such good effect that the whole company was forced to beat a retreat. Dercylidas was not a little annoyed, thinking that now the spirit of the besiegers would certainly die away; but whilst he was in this mood, behold52! there arrived from the beleaguered53 fortress54 emissaries of the Hellenes, who stated that the action taken by the commandant was not to their taste; for themselves, they would far rather be joined in bonds of fellowship with Hellenes than with barbarians55. While the matter was still under discussion there came a messenger also from the commandant, to say that whatever the former deputation had proposed he, on his side, was ready to endorse56. Accordingly Dercylidas, who, it so happened, had at length obtained favourable57 omens on that day, marched his force without more ado up to the gates of the city, which were flung open by those within; and so he entered.143 Here, then, he was content to appoint a garrison, and without further stay advanced upon Scepsis and Gergithes.
And now Meidias, partly expecting the hostile advance of Pharnabazus, and partly mistrusting the citizens — for to such a pass things had come — sent to Dercylidas, proposing to meet him in conference provided he might take security of hostages. In answer to this suggestion the other sent him one man from each of the cities of the allies, and bade him take his pick of these, whichsoever and how many soever he chose, as hostages for his own security. Meidias selected ten, and so went out. In conversation with Dercylidas, he asked him on what terms he would accept his alliance. The other answered: “The terms are that you grant the citizens freedom and self-government.” The words were scarcely out of his mouth before he began marching upon Scepsis. Whereupon Meidias, perceiving it was vain to hinder him in the teeth of the citizens, suffered him to enter. That done, Dercylidas offered sacrifice to Athena in the citadel58 of the Scepsians, turned out the bodyguards59 of Meidias, and handed over the city to the citizens. And so, having admonished61 them to regulate their civic62 life as Hellenes and free men ought, he left the place and continued his advance against Gergithes. On this last march he was escorted by many of the Scepsians themselves; such was the honour they paid him and so great their satisfaction at his exploits. Meidias also followed close at his side, petitioning that he would hand over the city of Gergithians to himself. To whom Dercylidas only made reply, that he should not fail to obtain any of his just rights. And whilst the words were yet upon his lips, he was drawing close to the gates, with Meidias at his side. Behind him followed the troops, marching two and two in peaceful fashion. The defenders63 of Gergithes from their towers — which were extraordinarily64 high — espied65 Meidias in company of the Spartan66, and abstained67 from shooting. And Dercylidas said: “Bid them open the gates, Meidias, when you shall lead the way, and I will enter the temple along with you and do sacrifice to Athena.” And Meidias, though he shrank from opening the gates, yet in terror of finding himself on a sudden seized, reluctantly gave the order to open the gates. As soon as he was entered in, the Spartan, still taking Meidias with him, marched up to the citadel and there ordered the main body of his soliders to take up their position round the walls, whilst he with those about him did sacrifice to Athena. When the sacrifice was ended he ordered Meidias’s bodyguard60 to pile arms144 in the van of his troops. Here for the future they would serve as mercenaries, since Meidias their former master stood no longer in need of their protection. The latter, being at his wits’ end what to do, exclaimed: “Look you, I will now leave you; I go to make preparation for my guest.” But the other replied: “Heaven forbid! Ill were it that I who have offered sacrifice should be treated as a guest by you. I rather should be the entertainer and you the guest. Pray stay with us, and while the supper is preparing, you and I can consider our obligations, and perform them.”
When they were seated Dercylidas put certain questions: “Tell me, Meidias, did your father leave you heir to his estates?” “Certainly he did,” answered the other. “And how many dwelling-houses have you? what landed estates? how much pasturage?” The other began running off an inventory68, whilst some of the Scepsians who were present kept interposing, “He is lying to you, Dercylidas.” “Nay, you take too minute a view of matters,” replied the Spartan. When the inventory of the paternal69 property was completed, he proceeded: “Tell me, Meidias, to whom did Mania belong?” A chorus of voices rejoined, “To Pharnabazus.” “Then must her property have belonged to Pharnabazus too.” “Certainly,” they answered. “Then it must now be ours,” he remarked, “by right of conquest, since Pharnabazus is at war with us. Will some one of you escort me to the place where the property of Mania and Pharnabazus lies?” So the rest led the way to the dwelling-place of Mania which Meidias had taken from her, and Meidias followed too. When he was entered, Dercylidas summoned the stewards70, and bidding his attendants seize them, gave them to understand that, if detected stealing anything which belonged to Mania, they would lose their heads on the spot. The stewards proceeded to point out the treasures, and he, when he had looked through the whole store, bolted and barred the doors, affixing71 his seal, and setting a watch. As he went out he found at the doors certain of the generals145 and captains, and said to them: “Here, sirs, we have pay ready made for the army — a year’s pay nearly for eight thousand men — and if we can win anything besides, there will be so much the more.” This he said, knowing that those who heard it would be all the more amenable72 to discipline, and would yield him a more flattering obedience73. Then Meidias asked, “And where am I to live, Dercylidas?” “Where you have the very best right to live,” replied the other, “in your native town of Scepsis, and in your father’s house.”
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strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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requital
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| n.酬劳；报复 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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persuasion
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| n.劝说；说服；持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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mustering
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的现在分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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despatch
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| n./v.(dispatch)派遣；发送；n.急件；新闻报道 | |
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submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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petitioners
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| n.请求人，请愿人( petitioner的名词复数 )；离婚案原告 | |
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albeit
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| conj.即使；纵使；虽然 | |
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ravaged
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| 毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
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enfranchised
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| v.给予选举权( enfranchise的过去式和过去分词 )；（从奴隶制中）解放 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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plied
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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contingents
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| （志趣相投、尤指来自同一地方的）一组与会者( contingent的名词复数 )； 代表团； （军队的）分遣队； 小分队 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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pillage
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| v.抢劫；掠夺；n.抢劫，掠夺；掠夺物 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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besieged
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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retaliated
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| v.报复，反击( retaliate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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cinder
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| n.余烬，矿渣 | |
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plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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subsisted
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| v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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stigma
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| n.耻辱，污名；(花的)柱头 | |
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predecessor
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| n.前辈，前任 | |
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contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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mania
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| n.疯狂；躁狂症，狂热，癖好 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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flustered
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| adj.慌张的；激动不安的v.使慌乱，使不安( fluster的过去式和过去分词) | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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usurper
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| n. 篡夺者, 僭取者 | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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garrisons
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| 守备部队，卫戍部队( garrison的名词复数 ) | |
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avenge
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| v.为...复仇，为...报仇 | |
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omens
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| n.前兆，预兆( omen的名词复数 ) | |
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persevered
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| v.坚忍，坚持( persevere的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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beleaguered
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| adj.受到围困[围攻]的；包围的v.围攻( beleaguer的过去式和过去分词)；困扰；骚扰 | |
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fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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endorse
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| vt.(支票、汇票等)背书，背署；批注；同意 | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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bodyguards
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| n.保镖，卫士，警卫员( bodyguard的名词复数 ) | |
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bodyguard
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| n.护卫，保镖 | |
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admonished
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| v.劝告( admonish的过去式和过去分词 )；训诫；（温和地）责备；轻责 | |
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62
civic
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| adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的 | |
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63
defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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64
extraordinarily
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| adv.格外地；极端地 | |
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65
espied
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| v.看到( espy的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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66
spartan
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| adj.简朴的，刻苦的；n.斯巴达；斯巴达式的人 | |
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67
abstained
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| v.戒（尤指酒），戒除( abstain的过去式和过去分词 )；弃权（不投票） | |
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68
inventory
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| n.详细目录，存货清单 | |
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69
paternal
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| adj.父亲的，像父亲的，父系的，父方的 | |
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70
stewards
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| （轮船、飞机等的）乘务员( steward的名词复数 )； （俱乐部、旅馆、工会等的）管理员； （大型活动的）组织者； （私人家中的）管家 | |
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71
affixing
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| v.附加( affix的现在分词 )；粘贴；加以；盖（印章） | |
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72
amenable
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| adj.经得起检验的；顺从的；对负有义务的 | |
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73
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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