But the question now occurs, Are there not protective statutes6, the avowed7 object of which is the protection of the life and limb of the slave? We answer, there are; and these protective statutes are some of the most remarkable8 pieces of legislation extant.
That they were dictated9 by a spirit of humanity, charity, which hopeth all things, would lead us to hope; but no newspaper stories of bloody10 murders and shocking outrages11 convey to the mind so dreadful a picture of the numbness12 of public sentiment caused by slavery as these so-called protective statutes. The author copies the following from the statutes of North Carolina. Section 3d of the act passed in 1798 runs thus:
Whereas by another Act of the Assembly, passed in 1774, the killing13 of a slave, however wanton, cruel and deliberate, is only punishable in the first instance by imprisonment14 and paying the value thereof to the owner, which distinction of criminality between the murder of a white person and one who is equally a human creature, but merely of a different complexion16, is disgraceful to humanity, and degrading in the highest degree to the laws and principles of a free, Christian18 and enlightened country, Be it enacted19, &c., That if any person shall hereafter be guilty of wilfully20 and maliciously21 killing a slave, such offender22 shall, upon the first conviction thereof, be adjudged guilty of murder, and shall suffer the same punishment as if he had killed a free man: “Provided always, this act shall not extend to the person killing a slave outlawed23 by virtue24 of any Act of Assembly of this state, or to any slave in the act of resistance to his lawful25 owner or master, or to any slave dying under moderate correction.”
A law with a like proviso, except the outlawry clause, exists in Tennessee. See Caruthers and Nicholson’s Compilation26, 1836, p. 676.
The language of the constitution of Georgia, art. iv., sec. 12, is as follows:
Any person who shall maliciously dismember or deprive a slave of life shall suffer such punishment as would be inflicted27 in case the like offence had been committed on a free white person, and on the like proof, except in case of insurrection by such slave, and unless such death should happen by accident in giving such slave moderate correction.—Cobb’s Dig. 1851, p. 1125.
Let now any Englishman or New Englander imagine that such laws with regard to apprentices had ever been proposed in Parliament or State Legislature under the head of protective acts;—laws which in 84so many words permit the killing of the subject in three cases, and those comprising all the acts which would generally occur under the law; namely, if the slave resist, if he be outlawed, or if he die under moderate correction.
What rule in the world will ever prove correction immoderate, if the fact that the subject dies under it is not held as proof? How many such “accidents” would have to happen in Old England or New England, before Parliament or Legislature would hear from such a protective law.
“But,” some one may ask, “what is the outlawry spoken of in this act?” The question is pertinent28, and must be answered. The author has copied the following from the Revised Statutes of North Carolina, chap. cxi, sec. 22. It may be remarked in passing that the preamble29 to this law presents rather a new view of slavery to those who have formed their ideas from certain pictures of blissful contentment and Arcadian repose30, which have been much in vogue31 of late.
Whereas, MANY TIMES slaves run away and be out, hid and lurking32 in swamps, woods, and other obscure places, killing cattle and hogs35, and committing other injuries to the inhabitants of this state; in all such cases, upon intelligence of any slave or slaves lying out as aforesaid, any two justices of the peace for the county wherein such slave or slaves is or are supposed to lurk33 or do mischief36, shall, and they are hereby empowered and required to issue proclamation against such slave or slaves (reciting his or their names, and the name or names of the owner or owners, if known), thereby37 requiring him or them, and every of them, forthwith to surrender him or themselves; and also to empower and require the sheriff of the said county to take such power with him as he shall think fit and necessary for going in search and pursuit of, and effectually apprehending39, such outlying slave or slaves; which proclamation shall be published at the door of the court-house, and at such other places as said justices shall direct. And if any slave or slaves against whom proclamation hath been thus issued stay out, and do not immediately return home, it shall be lawful for any person or persons whatsoever40 to kill and destroy such slave or slaves by such ways and means as he shall think fit, without accusation41 or impeachment42 of any crime for the same.
What ways and means have been thought fit, in actual experience, for the destruction of the slave? What was done with the negro McIntosh, in the streets of St. Louis in open daylight, and endorsed43 at the next sitting of the Supreme44 Court of the state, as transcending45 the sphere of law, because it was “an act of the majority of her most respectable citizens”?[7] If these things are done in the green tree, what will be done in the dry? If these things have once been done in the open streets of St. Louis, by “a majority of her most respectable citizens,” what will be done in the lonely swamps of North Carolina, by men of the stamp of Souther and Legree?
This passage of the Revised Statutes of North Carolina is more terribly suggestive to the imagination than any particulars into which the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin has thought fit to enter. Let us suppose a little melodrama quite possible to have occurred under this act of the legislature. Suppose some luckless Prue or Peg46, as in the case we have just quoted, in State v. Mann, getting tired of the discipline of whipping, breaks from the overseer, clears the dogs, and gets into the swamp, and there “lies out,” as the act above graphically47 says. The act which we are considering says that many slaves do this, and doubtless they have their own best reasons for it. We all know what fascinating places to “lie out” in these Southern swamps are. What with alligators48 and moccasin snakes, mud and water, and poisonous vines, one would be apt to think the situation not particularly eligible49; but still, Prue “lies out” there. Perhaps in the night some husband or brother goes to see her, taking a hog34, or some animal of the plantation50 stock, which he has ventured his life in killing, that she may not perish with hunger. Master overseer walks up to master proprietor51, and reports the accident; master proprietor mounts his horse, and assembles to his aid two justices of the peace.
In the intervals52 between drinking brandy and smoking cigars a proclamation is duly drawn53 up, summoning the contumacious54 Prue to surrender, and requiring sheriff of said county to take such power as he shall think fit to go in search and pursuit of said slave; which proclamation, for Prue’s further enlightenment, is solemnly published at the door of the court-house, and “at such other places as said justices shall direct.”[8] Let us suppose, now, that Prue, given over to hardness of heart and blindness of mind, pays no attention to all these means of grace, put forth38 to draw her to the protective shadow of the patriarchal roof. Suppose, further, as a final effort of long-suffering, and to leave her utterly55 without excuse, the 85worthy magistrate56 rides forth in full force,—man, horse, dog and gun,—to the very verge57 of the swamp, and there proclaims aloud the merciful mandate58. Suppose that, hearing the yelping59 of the dogs and the proclamation of the sheriff mingled60 together, and the shouts of Loker, Marks, Sambo and Quimbo, and other such posse, black and white, as a sheriff can generally summon on such a hunt, this very ignorant and contumacious Prue only runs deeper into the swamp, and continues obstinately61 “lying out,” as aforesaid;—now she is by act of the assembly outlawed, and, in the astounding62 words of the act, “it shall be lawful for any person or persons whatsoever to kill and destroy her, by such ways and means as he shall think fit, without accusation or impeachment of any crime for the same.” What awful possibilities rise to the imagination under the fearfully suggestive clause “by such ways and means as he shall think fit!” Such ways and means as ANY man shall think fit, of any character, of any degree of fiendish barbarity!! Such a permission to kill even a dog, by “any ways and means which anybody should think fit,” never ought to stand on the law-books of a Christian nation; and yet this stands against one bearing that same humanity which Jesus Christ bore,—against one, perhaps, who, though blinded, darkened and ignorant, he will not be ashamed to own, when he shall come in the glory of his Father, and all his holy angels with him!
That this law has not been a dead letter there is sufficient proof. In 1836 the following proclamation and advertisement appeared in the “Newbern (N. C.) Spectator:”
State of North Carolina, Lenoir County.—Whereas complaint hath been this day made to us, two of the justices of the peace for the said county, by William D. Cobb, of Jones County, that two negro-slaves belonging to him, named Ben (commonly known by the name of Ben Fox) and Rigdon, have absented themselves from their said master’s service, and are lurking about in the Counties of Lenoir and Jones, committing acts of felony; these are, in the name of the state, to command the said slaves forthwith to surrender themselves, and turn home to their said master. And we do hereby also require the sheriff of said County of Lenoir to make diligent63 search and pursuit after the above-mentioned slaves.... And we do hereby, by virtue of an act of assembly of this state concerning servants and slaves, intimate and declare, if the said slaves do not surrender themselves and return home to their master immediately after the publication of these presents, that any person may kill or destroy said slaves by such means as he or they think fit, without accusation or impeachment of any crime or offence for so doing, or without incurring64 any penalty or forfeiture65 thereby.
Given under our hands and seals, this 12th of November, 1836.
B. Coleman, J. P. [Seal.]
Jas. Jones, J. P. [Seal.]
$200 Reward.—Ran away from the subscriber66, about three years ago, a certain negro-man, named Ben, commonly known by the name of Ben Fox; also one other negro, by the name of Rigdon, who ran away on the 8th of this month.
I will give the reward of $100 for each of the above negroes, to be delivered to me, or confined in the jail of Lenoir or Jones County, or for the killing of them, so that I can see them.
Nov. 12, 1836.
W. D. Cobb.
That this act was not a dead letter, also, was plainly implied in the protective act first quoted. If slaves were not, as a matter of fact, ever outlawed, why does the act formally recognize such a class?—“provided that this act shall not extend to the killing of any slave outlawed by any act of the assembly.” This language sufficiently67 indicates the existence of the custom.
Further than this, the statute5-book of 1821 contained two acts: the first of which provides that all masters in certain counties, who have had slaves killed in consequence of outlawry, shall have a claim on the treasury68 of the state for their value, unless cruel treatment of the slave be proved on the part of the master: the second act extends the benefits of the latter provision to all the counties in the state.[9]
Finally, there is evidence that this act of outlawry was executed so recently as the year 1850,—the year in which “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” was written. See the following from the Wilmington Journal of December 13, 1850:
State of North Carolina, New Hanover County.—Whereas complaint upon oath hath this day been made to us, two of the justices of the peace for the said state and county aforesaid, by Guilford Horn, of Edgecombe County, that a certain male slave belonging to him, named Harry, a carpenter by trade, about forty years old, five feet five inches high, or thereabouts; yellow complexion; stout69 built; with a scar on his left leg (from the cut of an axe); has very thick lips; eyes deep sunk in his head; forehead very square; tolerably 86loud voice; has lost one or two of his upper teeth; and has a very dark spot on his jaw70, supposed to be a mark,—hath absented himself from his master’s service, and is supposed to be lurking about in this county, committing acts of felony or other misdeeds; these are, therefore, in the name of the state aforesaid, to command the said slave forthwith to surrender himself and return home to his said master; and we do hereby, by virtue of the act of assembly in such cases made and provided, intimate and declare that if the said slave Harry doth not surrender himself and return home immediately after the publication of these presents, that any person or persons may KILL and DESTROY the said slave by such means as he or they may think fit, without accusation or impeachment of any crime or offence for so doing, and without incurring any penalty or forfeiture thereby.
Given under our hands and seals, this 29th day of June, 1850.
James T. Miller71, J. P. [Seal.]
W. C. Bettencourt, J. P. [Seal.]
One Hundred and Twenty-five Dollars Reward will be paid for the delivery of the said Harry to me at Tosnott Depot72, Edgecombe County, or for his confinement73 in any jail in the state, so that I can get him; or One Hundred and Fifty Dollars will be given for his head.
He was lately heard from in Newbern, where he called himself Henry Barnes (or Burns), and will be likely to continue the same name, or assume that of Copage or Farmer. He has a free mulatto woman for a wife, by the name of Sally Bozeman, who has lately removed to Wilmington, and lives in that part of the town called Texas, where he will likely be lurking.
Masters of vessels74 are particularly cautioned against harboring or concealing75 the said negro on board their vessels, as the full penalty of the law will be rigorously enforced.
June 29th, 1850.
Guilford Horn.
There is an inkling of history and romance about the description of this same Harry, who is thus publicly set up to be killed in any way that any of the negro-hunters of the swamps may think the most piquant76 and enlivening. It seems he is a carpenter,—a powerfully made man, whose thews and sinews might be a profitable acquisition to himself. It appears also that he has a wife, and the advertiser intimates that possibly he may be caught prowling about somewhere in her vicinity. This indicates sagacity in the writer, certainly. Married men generally have a way of liking77 the society of their wives; and it strikes us, from what we know of the nature of carpenters here in New England, that Harry was not peculiar78 in this respect. Let us further notice the portrait of Harry: “Eyes deep sunk in his head;—forehead very square.” This picture reminds us of what a persecuting79 old ecclesiastic80 once said, in the days of the Port-Royalists, of a certain truculent81 abbess, who stood obstinately to a certain course, in the face of the whole power, temporal and spiritual, of the Romish church, in spite of fining, imprisoning82, starving, whipping, beating, and other enlightening argumentative processes, not wholly peculiar, it seems, to that age. “You will never subdue83 that woman,” said the ecclesiastic, who was a phrenologist before his age; “she’s got a square head, and I have always noticed that people with square heads never can be turned out of their course.” We think it very probable that Harry, with his “square head,” is just one of this sort. He is probably one of those articles which would be extremely valuable, if the owner could only get the use of him. His head is well enough, but he will use it for himself. It is of no use to any one but the wearer; and the master seems to symbolize84 this state of things, by offering twenty-five dollars more for the head without the body, than he is willing to give for head, man and all. Poor Harry! We wonder whether they have caught him yet; or whether the impenetrable thickets85, the poisonous miasma86, the deadly snakes, and the unwieldy alligators of the swamps, more humane87 than the slave-hunter, have interposed their uncouth88 and loathsome89 forms to guard the only fastness in Carolina where a slave can live in freedom.
It is not, then, in mere15 poetic90 fiction that the humane and graceful17 pen of Longfellow has drawn the following picture:
“In the dark fens91 of the Dismal92 Swamp
The hunted negro lay;
He saw the fire of the midnight camp,
And heard at times the horse’s tramp,
And a bloodhound’s distant bay.
“Where will-o’the-wisps and glow-worms shine,
In bulrush and in brake;
Where waving mosses93 shroud94 the pine,
And the cedar95 grows, and the poisonous vine
Is spotted96 like the snake;
“Where hardly a human foot could pass,
Or a human heart would dare,—
On the quaking turf of the green morass97
He crouched98 in the rank and tangled99 grass,
Like a wild beast in his lair100.
“A poor old slave! infirm and lame101,
Great scars deformed102 his face;
On his forehead he bore the brand of shame,
And the rags that hid his mangled103 frame
Were the livery of disgrace.
“All things above were bright and fair,
All things were glad and free;
Lithe104 squirrels darted105 here and there,
And wild birds filled the echoing air
With songs of liberty!
“On him alone was the doom106 of pain,
From the morning of his birth;
On him alone the curse of Cain[10]
Fell like the flail107 on the garnered108 grain,
And struck him to the earth.”
The civilized109 world may and will ask, in what state this law has been drawn, and passed, and revised, and allowed to appear at the present day on the revised statute-book, and to be executed in the year of our Lord 1850, as the above-cited extracts from its most respectable journals show. Is it some heathen, Kurdish tribe, some nest of pirates, some horde110 of barbarians111, where destructive gods are worshipped, and libations to their honor poured from human skulls112? The civilized world will not believe it,—but it is actually a fact, that this law has been made, and is still kept in force, by men in every other respect than what relates to their slave-code as high-minded, as enlightened, as humane, as any men in Christendom;—by citizens of a state which glories in the blood and hereditary113 Christian institutions of Scotland. Curiosity to know what sort of men the legislators of North Carolina might be, led the writer to examine with some attention the proceedings114 and debates of the convention of that state, called to amend115 its constitution, which assembled at Raleigh, June 4th, 1835. It is but justice to say that in these proceedings, in which all the different and perhaps conflicting interests of the various parts of the state were discussed, there was an exhibition of candor116, fairness and moderation, of gentlemanly honor and courtesy in the treatment of opposing claims, and of an overruling sense of the obligations of law and religion, which certainly have not always been equally conspicuous117 in the proceedings of deliberative bodies in such cases. It simply goes to show that one can judge nothing of the religion or of the humanity of individuals from what seems to us objectionable practice, where they have been educated under a system entirely118 incompatible119 with both. Such is the very equivocal character of what we call virtue.
It could not be for a moment supposed that such men as Judge Ruffin, or many of the gentlemen who figure in the debates alluded120 to, would ever think of availing themselves of the savage121 permissions of such a law. But what then? It follows that the law is a direct permission, letting loose upon the defenceless slave that class of men who exist in every community, who have no conscience, no honor, no shame,—who are too far below public opinion to be restrained by that, and from whom accordingly this provision of the law takes away the only available restraint of their fiendish natures. Such men are not peculiar to the South. It is unhappily too notorious that they exist everywhere,—in England, in New England, and the world over; but they can only arrive at full maturity122 in wickedness under a system where the law clothes them with absolute and irresponsible power.
7. This man was burned alive.
8. The old statute of 1741 had some features still more edifying123. That provides that said “proclamation shall be published on a Sabbath day, at the door of every church or chapel124, or, for want of such, at the place where divine service shall be performed in the said county, by the parish clerk or reader, immediately after divine service.” Potter’s Revisal, i. 166. What a peculiar appropriateness there must have been in this proclamation, particularly after a sermon on the love of Christ, or an exposition of the text “thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself!”
9.
Potter’s Revisal, ch. 467, § 2.
Be it further enacted, That when any slave shall be legally outlawed in any of the counties within mentioned, the owner of which shall reside in one of the said counties, and the said slave shall be killed in consequence of such outlawry, the value of such slave shall be ascertained125 by a jury which shall be empanelled at the succeeding court of the county where the said slave was killed, and a certificate of such valuation shall be given by the clerk of the court to the owner of said slave, who shall be entitled to receive two-thirds of such valuation from the sheriff of the county wherein the slave was killed. [Extended to other counties in 1797.—Potter, ch. 480, § 1.] now obsolete126.
10. Gen. 4:14.—“And it shall come to pass that every one that findeth me shall slay127 me.”
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apprentices
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| 学徒，徒弟( apprentice的名词复数 ) | |
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outlawry
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| 宣布非法，非法化，放逐 | |
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melodrama
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| n.音乐剧；情节剧 | |
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harry
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| vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼 | |
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statute
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| n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例 | |
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statutes
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| 成文法( statute的名词复数 )； 法令； 法规； 章程 | |
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avowed
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| adj.公开声明的，承认的v.公开声明，承认( avow的过去式和过去分词) | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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dictated
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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outrages
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| 引起…的义愤，激怒( outrage的第三人称单数 ) | |
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numbness
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| n.无感觉，麻木，惊呆 | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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enacted
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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wilfully
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| adv.任性固执地；蓄意地 | |
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maliciously
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| adv.有敌意地 | |
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offender
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| n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者 | |
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outlawed
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| 宣布…为不合法（outlaw的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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compilation
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| n.编译，编辑 | |
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inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pertinent
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| adj.恰当的；贴切的；中肯的；有关的；相干的 | |
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preamble
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| n.前言；序文 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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Vogue
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lurking
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| 潜在 | |
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lurk
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| n.潜伏，潜行；v.潜藏，潜伏，埋伏 | |
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hog
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| n.猪；馋嘴贪吃的人；vt.把…占为己有，独占 | |
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hogs
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| n.（尤指喂肥供食用的）猪( hog的名词复数 )；（供食用的）阉公猪；彻底地做某事；自私的或贪婪的人 | |
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mischief
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thereby
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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apprehending
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| 逮捕，拘押( apprehend的现在分词 )； 理解 | |
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whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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impeachment
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| n.弹劾；控告；怀疑 | |
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endorsed
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| vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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transcending
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| 超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围( transcend的现在分词 )； 优于或胜过… | |
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peg
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| n.木栓，木钉；vt.用木钉钉，用短桩固定 | |
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47
graphically
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| adv.通过图表；生动地，轮廓分明地 | |
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48
alligators
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| n.短吻鳄( alligator的名词复数 ) | |
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49
eligible
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| adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的 | |
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50
plantation
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| n.种植园，大农场 | |
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51
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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52
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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53
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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54
contumacious
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| adj.拒不服从的，违抗的 | |
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55
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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56
magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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57
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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58
mandate
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| n.托管地；命令，指示 | |
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59
yelping
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| v.发出短而尖的叫声( yelp的现在分词 ) | |
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60
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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61
obstinately
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| ad.固执地，顽固地 | |
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62
astounding
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| adj.使人震惊的vt.使震惊，使大吃一惊astound的现在分词) | |
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63
diligent
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| adj.勤勉的，勤奋的 | |
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64
incurring
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| 遭受，招致，引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
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65
forfeiture
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| n.（名誉等）丧失 | |
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66
subscriber
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| n.用户，订户；（慈善机关等的）定期捐款者；预约者；签署者 | |
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67
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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68
treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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70
jaw
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| n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训 | |
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71
miller
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| n.磨坊主 | |
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72
depot
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| n.仓库，储藏处；公共汽车站；火车站 | |
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73
confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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74
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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75
concealing
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的现在分词 ) | |
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76
piquant
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| adj.辛辣的，开胃的，令人兴奋的 | |
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77
liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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78
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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79
persecuting
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的现在分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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80
ecclesiastic
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| n.教士，基督教会；adj.神职者的，牧师的，教会的 | |
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81
truculent
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| adj.野蛮的，粗野的 | |
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82
imprisoning
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| v.下狱，监禁( imprison的现在分词 ) | |
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83
subdue
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| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
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84
symbolize
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| vt.作为...的象征，用符号代表 | |
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85
thickets
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| n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物 | |
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86
miasma
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| n.毒气；不良气氛 | |
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87
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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88
uncouth
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| adj.无教养的，粗鲁的 | |
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89
loathsome
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| adj.讨厌的，令人厌恶的 | |
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poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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fens
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| n.（尤指英格兰东部的）沼泽地带( fen的名词复数 ) | |
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dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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93
mosses
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| n. 藓类, 苔藓植物 名词moss的复数形式 | |
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94
shroud
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| n.裹尸布，寿衣；罩，幕；vt.覆盖，隐藏 | |
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95
cedar
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| n.雪松，香柏(木) | |
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96
spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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97
morass
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| n.沼泽，困境 | |
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98
crouched
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| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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99
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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100
lair
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| n.野兽的巢穴；躲藏处 | |
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101
lame
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| adj.跛的，(辩解、论据等)无说服力的 | |
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102
deformed
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| adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的 | |
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103
mangled
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| vt.乱砍（mangle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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104
lithe
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| adj.(指人、身体)柔软的，易弯的 | |
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105
darted
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的过去式和过去分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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106
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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107
flail
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| v.用连枷打；击打；n.连枷（脱粒用的工具） | |
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108
garnered
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| v.收集并（通常）贮藏（某物），取得，获得( garner的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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109
civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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110
horde
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| n.群众，一大群 | |
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111
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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112
skulls
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| 颅骨( skull的名词复数 )； 脑袋； 脑子； 脑瓜 | |
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113
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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114
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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115
amend
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| vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿 | |
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116
candor
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| n.坦白，率真 | |
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117
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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118
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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119
incompatible
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| adj.不相容的，不协调的，不相配的 | |
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120
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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121
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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122
maturity
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| n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期 | |
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123
edifying
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| adj.有教训意味的，教训性的，有益的v.开导，启发( edify的现在分词 ) | |
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124
chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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125
ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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126
obsolete
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| adj.已废弃的，过时的 | |
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127
slay
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| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
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